Nobel Prize Winners of 2018: Full List of Laureates and Their Achievements

Peace - The 2018 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. Mukwege is a Congolese gynecologist who has dedicated his life to treating victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while Murad is a Yazidi human rights activist and survivor of sexual slavery by the Islamic State.

Physics - The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, and Donna Strickland for their groundbreaking work in laser physics. Ashkin developed optical tweezers, which use the pressure of light to manipulate and move microscopic objects. Mourou and Strickland pioneered a technique called chirped pulse amplification, which has enabled the creation of the most intense laser pulses ever produced and has had a significant impact on various fields, including laser eye surgery.

Chemistry - The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith, and Sir Gregory P. Winter for their work in directed evolution of enzymes and the development of phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies. Their contributions have revolutionized the field of chemistry, leading to the creation of new enzymes and antibodies with improved properties, which have had a profound impact on various industries, including pharmaceuticals and biofuels.

Literature - The 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Olga Tokarczuk for her narrative imagination, which with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life. Tokarczuk is a Polish novelist, essayist, and children's book author whose work explores the complexities of modern life and the human condition, often with a focus on the interconnectedness of all things.

Economic Sciences - The 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer for their work on integrating climate change and technological innovation into long-term macroeconomic analysis. Nordhaus' research has provided a framework for understanding the economic impacts of climate change and the costs and benefits of policies to address it, while Romer's work has shown how the accumulation of ideas can drive long-term economic growth.

Physiology or Medicine - The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. Their groundbreaking work has led to the development of a new class of cancer treatments known as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have shown remarkable success in treating various types of cancer and have significantly improved the prognosis for many patients.

Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018?

Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad Basee Taha won the Nobel Peace Prize Pea.

Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2018?

Olga Tokarczuk won the Nobel Prize in Literature Lit.

Who won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2018?

Paul M. Romer and William D. Nordhaus won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences Nobel Prize laureate for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis.

What scientific breakthroughs were recognized by the Nobel Prizes in 2018?

Arthur Ashkin, Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou won the Nobel Prize in Physics PHY - American physicist and nobel prize laureate (d. 2020). Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate for the directed evolution of enzymes.