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Major Events of October 1935: Key Historical Moments from the Month

Each month is marked by defining moments that shape the course of history. Whether through political shifts, cultural movements, or world-changing events, these periods leave a lasting impression. Dive into the most important events from October 1935 and discover how they influenced the world both then and now.

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Major Events of October 1935: Key Historical Moments from the Month

  • 02 Oct 1935 Italian Invasion of Ethiopia: Italy, under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, launched a military invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), marking the beginning of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. This aggressive action represented a significant moment of imperial expansion and international tension in the lead-up to World War II.
  • 03 Oct 1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia: On October 3, 1935, Italy launched an invasion of Ethiopia under the command of General de Bono, who was later replaced by Pietro Badoglio on November 11. This military campaign was part of Italy's colonial ambitions under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.
  • 04 Oct 1935 Luna Park Opens in Sydney: Luna Park, a famous amusement park, officially opened its gates in Sydney, Australia on October 4, 1935. Located in the iconic Milsons Point area, this entertainment venue would become a significant landmark and popular recreational destination for generations of Sydneysiders and tourists.
  • 05 Oct 1935 US Neutrality Act Applied to Italy-Ethiopia Conflict: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt invoked the August 31 Neutrality Act, placing an arms embargo on both Italy and Ethiopia. This action was part of the diplomatic response to the escalating tensions between Italy and Ethiopia, which would soon lead to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
  • 06 Oct 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie Condemns Italian Aggression: In a powerful and eloquent statement to the Associated Press, Emperor Haile Selassie challenged Mussolini's claims of 'civilization', highlighting the brutal nature of the Italian invasion and expressing faith in the League of Nations to protect Ethiopia from unjustifiable aggression.
  • 07 Oct 1935 League of Nations Condemns Italy's Invasion of Abyssinia: The League of Nations officially declares Italy guilty of committing an act of war against all its members by invading Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia), marking a significant moment of international diplomatic tension preceding World War II.
  • 08 Oct 1935 Mussolini Implements Strict Currency Control: Italian dictator Benito Mussolini imposed a strict financial regulation prohibiting individuals from bringing more than 2,000 lire into Italy. This economic measure was designed to control currency exchange and prevent citizens and tourists from exploiting monetary discrepancies by changing money in neighboring countries at more favorable rates. The policy reflected the fascist regime's tight economic control and attempts to manage national financial flows.
  • 09 Oct 1935 Austria and Hungary Reject League of Nations Sanctions Against Italy: Austria and Hungary officially announced they would not cooperate with the League of Nations in implementing sanctions against Italy, signaling their diplomatic alignment and potential support for Italian expansionist policies during the 1930s.
  • 10 Oct 1935 Greek Military Coup Ends Second Hellenic Republic: A significant political upheaval occurred in Greece when the royalist leadership of the Greek Armed Forces, led by General Georgios Kondylis, staged a coup in Athens. The coup overthrew the government of Panagis Tsaldaris and established a regency, effectively terminating the Second Hellenic Republic.
  • 11 Oct 1935 League of Nations Imposes Sanctions on Italy: On October 11, 1935, the League of Nations implemented its first comprehensive set of economic sanctions against Italy in response to its impending invasion of Ethiopia. The sanctions included a general arms embargo designed to limit Italy's military capabilities. Member nations were instructed to prevent arms from being transferred to Italy, either directly or indirectly through intermediary countries like Austria. This diplomatic action represented an early attempt by the international community to use economic pressure to deter aggressive military expansionism.
  • 12 Oct 1935 Nazi Germany Bans Jazz: The Nazi regime officially banned jazz music from radio broadcasts, marking a significant moment of cultural suppression. This action was part of the broader Nazi policy of controlling artistic expression and targeting music they considered 'degenerate', particularly music with African American origins.
  • 13 Oct 1935 Soviet Union Protests Japanese Border Aggression: On October 13, 1935, the Soviet Union formally issued a diplomatic note of protest to Japan, condemning a border incident involving a Japanese-Manchukuan military detachment. The note accused the Japanese forces of aggressive actions along the border region, escalating tensions between the two nations during a period of increasing geopolitical instability in East Asia.
  • 14 Oct 1935 Canadian Federal Election of 1935: In the Canadian federal election, the Liberal Party led by William Lyon Mackenzie King secured a decisive victory, winning a majority government and defeating the incumbent Conservative Party under Prime Minister R. B. Bennett. This election marked a significant political transition in Canadian governance, with Mackenzie King's Liberals gaining substantial public support.
  • 15 Oct 1935 German Naval Expansion Disclosure: Germany's Naval Gazette publicly disclosed that 21 U-boats had been launched, signaling the growing naval military capabilities of Nazi Germany in the lead-up to World War II.
  • 16 Oct 1935 Uneventful Day in 1935: While no specific major historical events were recorded for October 16, 1935, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. The mid-1930s was a complex period globally, with ongoing developments in international politics, economic recovery from the Great Depression, and rising tensions in Europe preceding World War II.
  • 17 Oct 1935 Pacific AAU Boycotts 1936 Berlin Olympics: The Pacific Association of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) voted to not participate in the 1936 Berlin Olympics, likely in protest of Nazi Germany's discriminatory policies and growing international tensions.
  • 18 Oct 1935 Nazi Germany Enacts Eugenic Marriage Law: The German cabinet convened in Berlin for its first fall session and promulgated a controversial law prohibiting marriage between individuals with hereditary diseases, reflecting the Nazi regime's eugenic policies aimed at 'racial purity'.
  • 19 Oct 1935 League of Nations Imposes Economic Sanctions on Fascist Italy: In a significant diplomatic response to Italy's aggressive military invasion of Ethiopia, the League of Nations formally implemented comprehensive economic sanctions against Benito Mussolini's fascist regime. These sanctions were designed to economically isolate Italy and discourage its imperialistic actions in East Africa, representing a critical moment of international collective action against territorial aggression.
  • 20 Oct 1935 The Long March Concludes: The Long March, a critical military retreat undertaken by the armed forces of the Chinese Communist Party, ends after a grueling 368-day journey covering approximately 6,000 miles. This strategic withdrawal, led by Mao Zedong, was a pivotal moment in the Chinese Communist revolution, demonstrating remarkable resilience and strategic planning.
  • 21 Oct 1935 Landmark Consumer Law Case: Grant v Australian Knitting Mills: A significant legal precedent was established in the case of Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, which was decided on appeal by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. This case was pivotal in developing consumer protection law, setting important standards for product liability and manufacturer responsibilities.
  • 22 Oct 1935 Jérémie Hurricane Strikes Santiago de Cuba: The Jérémie hurricane caused significant destruction in Santiago de Cuba, resulting in three fatalities and four injuries. The storm's impact highlighted the region's vulnerability to severe tropical weather events.
  • 23 Oct 1935 The Chophouse Massacre: A significant organized crime incident where American mobsters Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard 'Lulu' Rosencrantz were fatally shot by rival crime hitmen at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey. This violent event marked a pivotal moment in the gangster era of the 1930s, demonstrating the brutal nature of organized crime turf wars.
  • 24 Oct 1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia: On October 24, 1935, Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini launched a full-scale invasion of Ethiopia (then known as Abyssinia), marking a significant moment in the lead-up to World War II. This aggressive act represented Italy's colonial ambitions in Africa and challenged the international community's response to territorial aggression.
  • 25 Oct 1935 Clement Attlee Becomes Labour Party Leader: On October 25, 1935, Clement Attlee was elected as the leader of the Labour Party, a pivotal moment in British political history. Attlee would later become a transformative Prime Minister who played a crucial role in establishing the modern welfare state.
  • 26 Oct 1935 Notable Births on October 26, 1935: Two significant individuals were born on this date: Mike Gray, an accomplished American filmmaker known for his work as a director, producer, and screenwriter, and Gloria Conyers Hewitt, a pioneering African American mathematician and academic who made substantial contributions to mathematical research and education.
  • 27 Oct 1935 Einstein and Mann Endorse Ossietzky for Nobel Peace Prize: On October 27, 1935, renowned physicist Albert Einstein and celebrated author Thomas Mann jointly endorsed Carl von Ossietzky, a prominent German pacifist and Nazi regime critic, for the Nobel Peace Prize. This endorsement was significant as Ossietzky was imprisoned by the Nazi government at the time, and the support from these influential intellectuals highlighted international opposition to the Nazi regime's oppressive policies.
  • 28 Oct 1935 Indian Reorganization Act Signed into Law: On October 28, 1935, a pivotal moment in Native American history occurred when Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes signed the Wheeler-Howard Act (also known as the Indian Reorganization Act) in Washington D.C. Standing alongside John S. Collier, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and representatives of the Flathead Indian Tribe, Ickes formalized a landmark policy that fundamentally transformed Native American governance. The legislation marked a significant departure from previous assimilation policies, granting Native American tribes greater autonomy, restoring tribal land and mineral rights, and providing a framework for self-governance. This act effectively ended the destructive allotment policy and recognized tribal sovereignty, allowing indigenous communities to re-establish their traditional governmental structures and economic self-determination.
  • 29 Oct 1935 Mussolini Implements Food Restrictions: Italian dictator Benito Mussolini proclaimed nationwide food restrictions, effective November 5, as a response to international economic sanctions following Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. These restrictions were designed to manage resources and demonstrate the regime's resilience against external economic pressures during the lead-up to World War II.
  • 31 Oct 1935 First Recording of Blues Classic 'Baby, Please Don't Go': In Chicago, legendary blues musician Big Joe Williams and the Washboard Blues Singers recorded the seminal blues track 'Baby, Please Don't Go', a song that would become a significant influence in blues and rock music history. This recording marked an important moment in the development of American musical heritage.