Major Events of 1932: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll explore the most significant occurrences from 1932, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

Major Events of 1932 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan Gandhi Prepares for Civil Disobedience: Mahatma Gandhi issued a strategic statement calling on Indians to prepare for resuming the civil disobedience campaign against British colonial rule, signaling continued resistance and political mobilization.
02 Jan Deadly Train Collision near Moscow: A catastrophic train collision on the Kazan railway line resulted in a significant loss of life, with 68 people killed and 131 injured. The tragic accident exposed potential safety issues in Soviet transportation infrastructure during the early 1930s.
03 Jan United States Severs Diplomatic Relations with Cuba: On January 3, 1932, the United States officially severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, marking a significant moment in the complex diplomatic history between the two nations. This action likely stemmed from political tensions and ideological differences during the early 20th century.
04 Jan Gandhi's Arrest in Civil Disobedience Movement: Mahatma Gandhi was arrested and imprisoned in Yerwada Central Jail after the Congress Party decided to resume civil disobedience against British emergency measures, marking a significant moment in India's independence struggle.
05 Jan Chuck Noll's Birth: Chuck Noll, a legendary American football player and head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, was born in Ohio. He would go on to become one of the most successful coaches in NFL history, leading the Steelers to four Super Bowl victories during the 1970s.
06 Jan Joseph Lyons Becomes Australian Prime Minister: Joseph Lyons was elected as the Prime Minister of Australia, leading the United Australia Party. He served from 1932 to 1939 and was notable for guiding Australia through the challenging economic period of the Great Depression.
07 Jan Stimson Doctrine Announced: The United States government formally declared the Stimson Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would not recognize Japan's territorial claims over Manchuria, signaling diplomatic resistance to Japanese imperial expansion.
08 Jan Assassination Attempt on Emperor Hirohito: An assassination attempt was made against Japan's Emperor Hirohito by Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang, who threw a hand grenade at the imperial carriage as it was leaving the Sakuradamon Gate of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
09 Jan Germany Refuses Reparations Payments: German Chancellor Heinrich Brüning announced that Germany would refuse to pay any more reparations, citing the country's dire economic situation as making further payments impossible. This declaration was a significant moment in the aftermath of World War I, highlighting Germany's economic distress during the Great Depression.
10 Jan Assassination Attempt on Emperor Hirohito: Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang attempted to assassinate Japanese Emperor Hirohito by throwing a hand grenade at the imperial carriage near the Sakuradamon Gate of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, reflecting the rising tensions between Korea and Japan.
11 Jan Hitler and Hugenberg Oppose Hindenburg's Term Extension: Adolf Hitler and Alfred Hugenberg informed Chancellor Heinrich Brüning that they would not support the proposed one-year extension of President Paul von Hindenburg's presidential term, signaling growing political tension in the Weimar Republic.
12 Jan Hattie W. Caraway: First Elected Woman Senator: Hattie W. Caraway made history by becoming the first woman elected to the United States Senate, representing Arkansas and breaking significant gender barriers in American political representation.
13 Jan Birth of Joseph Zen: Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, a prominent Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Hong Kong, was born. He would later become a significant religious and political figure known for his advocacy of democracy and human rights in Hong Kong.
14 Jan Ravel's Piano Concerto in G Major Premiere: On January 14, 1932, Maurice Ravel's Piano Concerto in G Major was performed for the first time at the Salle Pleyel in Paris, showcasing the composer's innovative musical style blending jazz influences with classical composition techniques.
15 Jan Rare Snowfall at UCLA Campus in 1932: On January 15, 1932, UCLA experienced an extraordinary and exceptionally rare meteorological event when the entire campus was blanketed in snow. By 8 a.m., students arrived to find a breathtaking winter landscape: red-brick buildings adorned with a pristine white layer, trees and shrubs transformed into cotton-like sculptures, and the iconic Royce Quad covered in two inches of glistening snow. The unexpected snowfall triggered playful student activities, which initially concerned campus authorities. However, the administration demonstrated remarkable understanding, allowing students to enjoy the unique moment despite potential minor injuries and property damages.
16 Jan Nazi Party Ultimatum to Chancellor Brüning: On January 16, 1932, Reichstag member Hermann Göring delivered a politically charged ultimatum to Chancellor Heinrich Brüning on behalf of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. This event highlighted the increasing political tension in the Weimar Republic and signaled the growing assertiveness of the Nazi movement in challenging the existing democratic government.
17 Jan Soviet Train Disaster Information Disclosure: On January 17, 1932, the Soviet government officially released details about a significant train accident that occurred on January 2, addressing widespread speculation and rumors about the incident. By providing transparency, the government sought to quell public anxiety and control the narrative surrounding the tragic event. The disclosure came after weeks of speculation that had inflated potential casualty numbers, demonstrating the Soviet regime's careful management of information during this period.
18 Jan Political Violence in Berlin: Nazi-Communist Clash: On January 18, 1932, a violent confrontation erupted between Nazi Party supporters and Communist Party members in the Reinickendorf borough of Berlin, resulting in two fatalities and seven injuries. The intense street battle highlighted the growing political polarization in Weimar Germany, with tensions between far-right and far-left political factions reaching a critical point. Local police responded by making 50 arrests, attempting to restore order in the increasingly volatile urban landscape.
19 Jan Charlie Conacher's Five-Goal Game: On January 19, 1932, Charlie Conacher made hockey history by becoming the first Toronto Maple Leafs player to score five goals in a single game. Remarkably, his first goal came just 7 seconds into the match, setting an electrifying tone for his extraordinary performance. This achievement was a significant milestone in early NHL history, showcasing Conacher's exceptional scoring prowess and establishing a remarkable record for the Toronto Maple Leafs.
20 Jan Imperial Airways Launches London to Cape Town Route: Imperial Airways inaugurated its groundbreaking regular passenger service connecting London and Cape Town, South Africa. This pioneering route covered an impressive 8,000 miles and was scheduled to take ten and a half days, representing a significant milestone in early commercial aviation and British imperial transportation infrastructure.
21 Jan Finland-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Signed: On January 21, 1932, Finland and the Soviet Union formally signed a five-year Pact of Non-Aggression, establishing a diplomatic agreement to prevent military conflict between the two nations during the interwar period.
22 Jan Reconstruction Finance Corporation Established: The United States government created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) as a critical financial institution to provide emergency lending and financial assistance to banks, railroads, and other financial institutions during the depths of the Great Depression. This federal agency was a key part of President Herbert Hoover's economic recovery strategy, aimed at stabilizing the nation's financial system and preventing widespread economic collapse.
23 Jan Roosevelt Presidential Campaign Launch: On January 23, 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt officially announced his candidacy for President of the United States by permitting a letter to be publicized consenting to have his name entered in the North Dakota primary. This marked the beginning of his historic presidential campaign that would ultimately lead to his election and four transformative terms as president during the Great Depression and World War II.
24 Jan End of Libyan Resistance by Italian Forces: Marshal Pietro Badoglio officially declared the end of Libyan resistance against Italian colonial occupation. This marked a significant moment in the Italian colonization of Libya, effectively solidifying Italian control over the North African territory through military suppression of local resistance movements.
25 Jan Chinese Defense of Harbin Begins: During the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese National Revolutionary Army initiated defensive operations to protect the strategic city of Harbin in Manchuria against Japanese forces.
26 Jan Hitler's Speech to Düsseldorf Industry Club: Adolf Hitler delivered a strategic speech to business leaders, attempting to assuage their concerns about his political policies and economic intentions. This speech was part of his broader strategy to gain support from Germany's industrial elite.
27 Jan Prince of Wales Speech Disrupted by Protesters: On January 27, 1932, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) was delivering a speech about the economic challenges of the time at the Royal Albert Hall when a group of women protesters interrupted his address. The women, likely representing a social or political movement, attempted to draw attention to their cause by shouting slogans during the royal speech, creating a notable moment of public disruption.
28 Jan First Battle of Shanghai Begins: Japanese forces launched a significant military offensive in Shanghai, China, marking the start of the First Battle of Shanghai. This conflict represented a critical escalation in Japanese imperial aggression and territorial expansion in East Asia during the early 1930s.
29 Jan Japanese Bombing of Chapei, Shanghai: Japanese military forces conducted a devastating terror bombing of the Chapei district in northern Shanghai, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties. This brutal attack represented an early example of Japan's emerging policy of indiscriminate bombing of civilian populations, which would become a hallmark of their military strategy during World War II.
30 Jan Chiang Kai-shek Prepares China for Potential Conflict: In a critical moment of rising tensions, Chiang Kai-shek sent an urgent telegram to China's military commanders, instructing them to prepare defensive strategies and fight for the nation's survival, signaling the growing threat of potential invasion or internal conflict.
31 Jan US and British Warships Deployed to Shanghai: In response to escalating regional tensions, the United States and Great Britain dispatched warships to Shanghai to ensure the safety of their respective citizens amid growing international conflict in China.
01 Feb Publication of Brave New World: Aldous Huxley's groundbreaking dystopian science fiction novel 'Brave New World' was published, presenting a provocative vision of a technologically advanced future society set over 600 years ahead. The book would become a seminal work exploring themes of technological control, social conditioning, and individual freedom.
02 Feb Al Capone's Imprisonment: Notorious Chicago gangster Al Capone was sent to prison, marking a significant moment in the fight against organized crime during the Prohibition era.
03 Feb World Disarmament Conference in Geneva: The General World Disarmament Conference commenced in Geneva, focusing on critical international tensions. The primary discussions centered on Germany's demand for 'Gleichberechtigung' (equality of status) and France's insistence on 'sécurité' (security), reflecting the complex diplomatic landscape of the interwar period.
04 Feb Japanese Occupation of Harbin: During the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese forces occupied the city of Harbin in Manchuria, China. This event was part of Japan's expansionist strategy in Northeast Asia, which would eventually escalate into full-scale conflict with China.
05 Feb Gandhi's Spinning Wheel Seized: As part of a tax enforcement action, British colonial authorities seized Mahatma Gandhi's symbolic spinning wheel (charkha) and other personal items. This act was significant as the spinning wheel was a powerful symbol of Gandhi's non-violent resistance and economic self-sufficiency movement against British colonial rule.
06 Feb Nanjing Bombardment: Japanese warships bombarded the city of Nanjing, an early and significant event in the escalating Japanese aggression towards China preceding World War II.
07 Feb Pearl Harbor Naval War Game Foreshadows Future Conflict: On February 7, 1932, the U.S. Navy conducted 'Fleet Problem #13', a strategic military exercise at Pearl Harbor led by Rear Admiral Harry Yarnell. The simulation involved a simulated attack by a hypothetical Asian island nation, utilizing 152 aircraft launched from two aircraft carriers. The drill was remarkably prescient, demonstrating an attack strategy that closely mirrored the actual Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor nine years later. Yarnell's forces achieved complete tactical surprise by first targeting airfields and then attacking ships along battleship row, a scenario that would become tragically real on December 7, 1941.
08 Feb Birth of John Williams, Legendary Film Composer: John Towner Williams was born in Flushing, New York, USA. He would go on to become one of the most renowned and influential film composers in history, known for iconic musical scores for films like Star Wars, Jaws, E.T., Jurassic Park, and many others. Williams has been the primary composer for Steven Spielberg and George Lucas, and has conducted the Boston Pops Orchestra, significantly impacting 20th and 21st-century film music.
09 Feb Birth of John Williams: John Williams, the legendary film composer, was born in New York City. Throughout his career, he would create iconic musical scores for blockbuster films like *Jaws*, *Star Wars*, *Harry Potter*, and *Indiana Jones*, profoundly influencing the landscape of film music.
10 Feb Scientific Discovery by Edward Charles Baly: Edward Charles Baly demonstrated a groundbreaking scientific finding that organic compounds, including sugars, can be photochemically formed from water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This research significantly contributed to understanding the potential origins of organic molecules and early chemical processes.
11 Feb Mussolini's First Vatican Visit: On the third anniversary of the Lateran Treaty, Fascist Italian leader Benito Mussolini made his inaugural visit to the Vatican, meeting Pope Pius XI. This significant diplomatic encounter symbolized the reconciliation between the Italian state and the Catholic Church after decades of tension.
12 Feb Andrew Mellon Resigns as U.S. Treasury Secretary: Andrew Mellon, a prominent banker and industrialist who served as U.S. Treasury Secretary under three presidents (Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover), stepped down from his position. Mellon was a key figure in shaping U.S. economic policy during the early stages of the Great Depression.
13 Feb Birth of Medal of Honor Recipient Leo Thorsness: Leo Thorsness, a distinguished American military pilot, was born in Minnesota. During the Vietnam War, he demonstrated extraordinary heroism in aerial combat, which later earned him the prestigious Medal of Honor for his exceptional courage and service to the United States.
14 Feb Record Low Cricket Score: South Africa Bowled Out for 36 Against Australia: In a remarkable cricket match, the South African national cricket team was dramatically dismissed for an incredibly low score of just 36 runs in their first innings against Australia. Australian bowler Bert Ironmonger was particularly devastating, taking 5 wickets while conceding only 6 runs, which contributed significantly to South Africa's historic batting collapse.
15 Feb III Olympic Winter Games Conclude in Lake Placid: The Third Winter Olympic Games officially closed in Lake Placid, New York, marking the end of a significant international sporting event during the early 1930s.
16 Feb Elizabeth Taylor Birth: Elizabeth Taylor, the iconic English-born American film actress who would become one of Hollywood's most celebrated stars, was born in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London. She would go on to have a legendary career in cinema and humanitarian work.
17 Feb Death of Albert Johnson, the 'Mad Trapper of Rat River': Albert Johnson, infamously known as the 'Mad Trapper of Rat River', died on February 17, 1932, after a dramatic manhunt in the remote wilderness of Canada's Northwest Territories. His extraordinary pursuit by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) became one of the most legendary and challenging manhunts in Canadian history. Johnson, an enigmatic and elusive figure, was pursued across the harsh Arctic landscape in winter conditions, leading to a series of confrontations that captured national attention.
18 Feb Japan Creates Manchukuo: The Empire of Japan formally declares the independence of Manchukuo, a puppet state created in northeastern China (comprising Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces). This action follows Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria, with former Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi installed as the state's Chief Executive.
19 Feb William Faulkner Completes 'Light in August': William Faulkner completed his seminal novel 'Light in August', a profound exploration of racial tensions and individual identity in the American South during the early 20th century. The novel, which would become a significant work in modernist literature, delves into complex themes of race, isolation, and personal struggle through its intricate narrative.
20 Feb Japanese House of Representatives Election: A significant parliamentary election was held in Japan for the 466-seat House of Representatives. The Rikken Seiyūkai party, led by Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi, secured a decisive victory by winning 127 seats and gaining control with 301 seats, decisively defeating the rival Rikken Minseitō party which previously held 273 seats.
21 Feb Trotsky's Banishment from Soviet Union: Leon Trotsky, a prominent Bolshevik revolutionary and key figure in the Russian Revolution, was officially banished from the Soviet Union along with 36 other political opponents by Joseph Stalin, marking a critical moment in the consolidation of Stalin's power.
22 Feb Birth of Ted Kennedy: Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He would later become a prominent Democratic Senator representing Massachusetts for nearly five decades, emerging as a significant political figure in 20th-century American politics.
23 Feb Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were recorded for February 23, 1932, this date falls within a significant period of global transition. The early 1930s were marked by the Great Depression, rising tensions in Europe, and significant political changes worldwide. The lack of a notable event does not diminish the historical context of this time.
24 Feb Brazil Grants Women's Suffrage: On February 24, 1932, Brazil made a pivotal advancement in women's political rights by officially granting women the right to vote. This landmark legislation was a crucial step towards gender equality in Brazilian democratic processes, allowing women to participate fully in the nation's political landscape.
25 Feb Hitler Obtains German Citizenship: On February 25, 1932, Adolf Hitler, who had been stateless for seven years, strategically obtained German citizenship through an appointment as a Brunswick state official by Dietrich Klagges, a fellow Nazi Party member. This calculated move enabled Hitler to legally run for the Reichspräsident position in the upcoming 1932 election, marking a crucial turning point in his political career.
26 Feb Birth of Johnny Cash: On February 26, 1932, John R. "Johnny" Cash was born in Kingsland, Arkansas. He would go on to become one of the most influential American country music singers of the 20th century, known for his distinctive deep baritone voice and songs that blended country, rock, blues, and gospel genres. Cash's legendary career spanned several decades, and he was inducted into multiple music halls of fame, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
27 Feb Mäntsälä Rebellion Erupts in Finland: On February 27, 1932, the Mäntsälä rebellion began when members of the far-right Lapua Movement initiated a violent confrontation by shooting at a social democrats' event in Mäntsälä, Finland. This incident represented a critical moment of political tension and potential civil conflict in the country, highlighting the deep ideological divisions within Finnish society during the interwar period.
28 Feb Richard Spikes Invents Automatic Gear Shift: On February 28, 1932, African American inventor Richard Spikes patented a groundbreaking innovation in automotive technology: the automatic gear shift. This invention significantly simplified driving by eliminating the need for manual gear changing, making automobiles more accessible and easier to operate for a broader range of drivers. Spikes' patent represented a crucial step in the evolution of automotive engineering, paving the way for future automatic transmission systems.
29 Feb Mäntsälä Uprising in Finland: A dramatic confrontation occurred between Finnish government troops and approximately 5,000 members of the Lapua Movement who were attempting to march on Helsinki, representing a critical moment of civil unrest in Finnish political history.
01 Mar Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping: On March 1, 1932, Charles Lindbergh Jr., the 20-month-old son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was kidnapped from the family's mansion in Hopewell, New Jersey. A ransom note demanding $50,000 was discovered in the child's empty room, marking the beginning of one of the most notorious criminal cases in early 20th-century American history.
02 Mar Finnish President Ends Mäntsälä Rebellion: On March 2, 1932, Finnish President P. E. Svinhufvud delivered a pivotal radio speech that effectively quelled the Mäntsälä Rebellion, a far-right insurgency threatening the democratic stability of Finland. By addressing the nation directly and firmly rejecting the extremist Lapua Movement's attempts to overthrow the democratic government, Svinhufvud demonstrated strong leadership and commitment to constitutional principles. The speech, which was broadcast four days before the rebellion's final suppression, played a crucial role in undermining the rebels' morale and legitimacy.
03 Mar Twentieth Amendment Proposed for U.S. Constitution: On March 3, 1932, the United States Congress voted to propose the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution, a significant reform that would modernize the presidential transition process. The amendment aimed to reduce the inefficient period between a presidential election and the inauguration, known as the 'lame-duck' period. By moving the presidential inauguration date from March 4 to January 20, the amendment sought to ensure a more timely and efficient transfer of power between administrations. This change was particularly important in addressing governance challenges during critical periods, such as economic crises or national emergencies.
04 Mar China Rejects Manchurian Conflict Conference: China refused to participate in a conference to resolve the Manchurian conflict with Japan, maintaining a firm stance that Japanese troops must first withdraw from Manchuria. This position highlighted the escalating tensions between China and Japan during the early stages of Japanese imperial expansion in the 1930s.
05 Mar Assassination of Dan Takuma by Radical Nationalists: On March 5, 1932, Dan Takuma, a prominent Japanese businessman and director of the powerful Mitsui Zaibatsu industrial conglomerate, was assassinated by members of the radical right-wing nationalist group known as the League of Righteousness. This politically motivated killing reflected the intense social and ideological tensions in pre-World War II Japan, where ultranationalist groups targeted business and political leaders they perceived as obstacles to their vision of Japanese imperial expansion and cultural purification.
06 Mar Death of John Philip Sousa, Legendary American Composer: John Philip Sousa, renowned American composer, bandmaster, and conductor, passed away at the age of 77. Known as the 'March King', Sousa was famous for composing iconic patriotic marches, most notably 'Stars and Stripes Forever', which is considered the official march of the United States. His significant contributions to American military and concert band music profoundly influenced the nation's musical landscape.
07 Mar Ford Hunger March Tragedy: On March 7, 1932, the Ford Hunger March in Detroit, Michigan, became a pivotal moment in labor rights history. Unemployed auto workers staged a demonstration to present 14 demands to Henry Ford, including rehiring the unemployed, providing healthcare, and ending racial discrimination in hiring and promotions. The protest tragically ended in violence when police and Ford security confronted the marchers, resulting in the deaths of four protesters and injuries to over 60 people, with a fifth worker dying later from his injuries.
08 Mar Ford Hunger March Turns Violent in Dearborn: A massive demonstration of 3,000 unemployed auto workers marching on Henry Ford's Dearborn, Michigan office escalates into a tragic confrontation. Protesters demanding economic relief are met with brutal force, including tear gas, water cannons, and gunfire. The violent suppression results in four worker deaths and 60 injuries, highlighting the intense social tensions and economic hardship of the Great Depression era.
09 Mar Éamon de Valera Becomes Irish Leader: Éamon de Valera assumed leadership of Ireland, becoming a pivotal figure in the country's political landscape. His election represented a significant moment in Irish political history, signaling a new era of governance following the Irish Free State's establishment.
10 Mar Hindenburg's Pivotal Radio Campaign Address: German President Paul von Hindenburg delivered his sole public speech during the presidential campaign via radio, strategically positioning himself as a non-partisan leader and promising to transcend narrow party interests during a critical period in Weimar Republic politics.
11 Mar Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were recorded for March 11, 1932, this period was part of the Great Depression era in the United States and globally. During this time, economic hardship was widespread, with high unemployment and significant social challenges affecting millions of people worldwide.
12 Mar Nazi Annexation of Austria: On this date, Nazi Germany initiated the annexation of Austria, a significant event known as the Anschluss. This marked a critical moment in the lead-up to World War II, where Hitler forcibly incorporated Austria into the German Reich, expanding Nazi territorial control and setting the stage for further European aggression.
13 Mar Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific significant historical events were recorded for March 13, 1932, this period was part of the challenging era of the Great Depression. During this time, the United States and much of the world were experiencing severe economic hardship, with high unemployment and widespread poverty following the stock market crash of 1929.
14 Mar Death of George Eastman: Kodak Founder's Tragic End: George Eastman, the pioneering industrialist and founder of Eastman Kodak Company, died by suicide at his home in Rochester, New York. Known for democratizing photography and making it accessible to the general public, Eastman had been suffering from a painful spinal condition. In a carefully written note explaining his decision, he stated that he had become a burden and could no longer find joy in life. His contributions to photography and technology were immense, having developed the first commercial film and affordable cameras that transformed visual documentation worldwide.
15 Mar Éamon de Valera Becomes Irish Free State Leader: On March 15, 1932, Éamon de Valera was elected President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, marking a significant political transition. This event represented the first change in government since the country's establishment a decade earlier, signaling a new era in Irish political leadership. De Valera, a prominent nationalist and key figure in Ireland's independence movement, would go on to play a crucial role in shaping the country's future.
16 Mar Birth of Don Blasingame, Baseball Player and Manager: Don Blasingame was born on March 16, 1932, and would go on to become a notable figure in Major League Baseball as both a player and a manager. During his career, he played for several teams and later transitioned into managing, including roles in Japanese baseball. Blasingame's life in baseball spanned several decades, contributing to the sport's rich history before his passing in 2005.
17 Mar US Rejects Japanese Puppet State in Manchuria: The United States government officially announced its refusal to recognize Manchukuo, the Japanese-established puppet republic in Manchuria. This diplomatic stance signaled American disapproval of Japan's territorial expansionism and imperial ambitions in East Asia.
18 Mar Peace Negotiations Between China and Japan: In March 1932, diplomatic representatives from China and Japan initiated critical peace negotiations aimed at de-escalating tensions in the wake of increasing military conflicts, particularly surrounding the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. These talks represented a significant diplomatic effort to prevent further military confrontation and seek a diplomatic resolution to territorial and political disputes.
19 Mar Sydney Harbour Bridge Opening: The Sydney Harbour Bridge, an iconic steel through arch bridge, was officially opened on March 19, 1932, connecting Sydney's central business district with the North Shore. Designed by British firm Dorman Long of Middlesbrough, the bridge was a significant engineering achievement for Australia, spanning 1,149 meters across Sydney Harbour. The opening ceremony was a momentous national event, symbolizing technological progress and urban development during the early 20th century.
20 Mar 1932 Deep South Tornado Outbreak: A devastating tornado outbreak struck the southeastern United States on March 20, 1932, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The series of tornadoes killed more than 220 people in Alabama, 34 in Georgia, and 17 in Tennessee, making it one of the deadliest tornado events in the region's history.
21 Mar 1932 Deep South Tornado Outbreak: On March 21, 1932, one of the most devastating tornado events in United States history occurred across the southeastern region. A massive outbreak of at least 38 tornadoes swept through multiple states, causing unprecedented destruction and loss of life. The most severe impact was concentrated in Alabama, where 286 people lost their lives, with Talladega County suffering 41 fatalities alone. The outbreak resulted in a staggering 334 total deaths and left 2,141 individuals injured, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in early 20th-century American history.
22 Mar 1932 Deep South Tornado Outbreak: A catastrophic series of tornadoes devastated the southeastern United States, causing unprecedented destruction across multiple states. The outbreak primarily impacted Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee, resulting in a tragic loss of life with over 270 people killed. The tornadoes struck rural and urban areas alike, destroying homes, farms, and infrastructure, and leaving thousands of families displaced and communities in shock. This event remains one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in early 20th-century American history, highlighting the region's vulnerability to severe weather events.
24 Mar First US Radio Broadcast from a Moving Train: A groundbreaking moment in broadcasting history occurred when Belle Baker performed the first radio broadcast from a moving train, transmitting via WABC from Maryland. This innovative broadcast demonstrated the emerging technological capabilities of radio communication and mobility.
25 Mar Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Unveiled in Athens: On March 25, 1932, Greece honored its fallen soldiers by unveiling the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Athens. This memorial serves as a poignant tribute to the unidentified military personnel who sacrificed their lives during various conflicts, symbolizing national remembrance and respect for those who died in service to their country.
26 Mar Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific significant historical events were recorded for March 26, 1932, this period was part of the early years of the Great Depression, a challenging economic era that profoundly impacted global societies. The lack of documented events does not diminish the ongoing socio-economic struggles of the time.
27 Mar Junior Parker: Blues Musician Emerges: Junior Parker, a significant blues musician known for influential tracks like 'Driving Wheel' and 'Outside Man', begins his musical journey. Parker would become an important figure in the Memphis blues scene, influencing later rock and blues artists with his distinctive style and powerful vocal performances.
28 Mar Jim Mollison's Record-Breaking London to Cape Town Flight: Scottish aviator Jim Mollison achieved a remarkable aviation milestone by completing a groundbreaking solo flight from London to Cape Town, South Africa in just 4 days and 17 hours. This extraordinary journey significantly reduced the previous travel time and demonstrated the rapidly advancing capabilities of long-distance aviation in the early 1930s. Mollison's feat was a testament to both pilot skill and emerging aircraft technology, highlighting the expanding boundaries of human exploration during the golden age of aviation.
29 Mar Lindbergh Kidnapping Ransom Demand: John F. Condon received an escalated ransom demand from the Lindbergh baby kidnappers, increasing the ransom from $70,000 to $100,000, intensifying the high-profile criminal investigation that had gripped the nation.
30 Mar Amelia Earhart's Historic Solo Atlantic Crossing: On March 30, 1932, pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart became the first woman to successfully complete a solo transatlantic flight, flying from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland to Culmore, Northern Ireland. This groundbreaking achievement significantly advanced women's representation in aviation and challenged prevailing gender limitations of the early 20th century.
31 Mar Ford Unveils Affordable V8 Engine: Ford Motor Company publicly introduced its V8 engine, marking a significant milestone in automotive technology. This engine was particularly notable for its affordable price point, which made high-performance automotive technology accessible to a broader range of consumers.
01 Apr Presidential Statement on Automobile Industry: President Herbert Hoover issued a statement encouraging car purchases as a means of stimulating employment during the Great Depression. He emphasized that automobile manufacturing was a critical source of widespread employment and urged citizens to consider buying new cars to support the struggling economy.
02 Apr DUPE - Prince Wilhelm Endorses Hitler: Former German Crown Prince Wilhelm publicly endorsed Adolf Hitler for the presidential election scheduled for April 10, 1932. This endorsement from a prominent aristocratic figure signaled growing conservative support for Hitler's Nazi Party during the tumultuous Weimar Republic period.
03 Apr Stalin Consolidates Power as Communist Party Secretary-General: Joseph Stalin was confirmed as the secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a pivotal moment that provided him with the organizational power to establish his totalitarian regime. This position allowed Stalin to strategically place his supporters in key party positions, ultimately enabling his complete control over the Soviet state.
04 Apr Vitamin C Isolation Breakthrough: Dr. C.C. King successfully isolated Vitamin C at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, marking a significant milestone in nutritional science. This discovery would later contribute to understanding essential nutrients and their role in human health.
05 Apr Assassination Attempt on Hans Luther: On April 5, 1932, a dramatic assassination attempt targeted Hans Luther, a prominent German politician who had served twice as Chancellor and was then President of the Reichsbank. At a Berlin subway station, Luther was shot at close range but was only slightly wounded, with the bullet grazing his arm. Two former Nazis were immediately arrested, claiming they wanted to kill Luther due to disagreement with his deflationary economic policies. This incident underscores the political volatility and ideological tensions in Germany during the early 1930s.
06 Apr Lindbergh Kidnapping Investigation Intensifies: U.S. Treasury officials issued a confidential circular to banks nationwide, instructing them to carefully monitor and report large cash transactions involving specific bill denominations. This covert directive was strategically designed to track potential ransom payments related to the high-profile kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh's infant son, signaling a sophisticated approach to investigating the notorious crime.
07 Apr Roosevelt's 'Forgotten Man' Speech: On April 7, 1932, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his influential 'Forgotten Man' speech in Albany, New York, which was broadcast via radio to the state's residents. In this pivotal address, Roosevelt emphasized the critical importance of economic policies that support the ordinary, often overlooked citizens who form the backbone of the American economy. He passionately appealed to the 'little fellow', highlighting the need to create economic strategies that prioritize the welfare of average working-class Americans during the challenging times of the Great Depression.
09 Apr Lindbergh Kidnapping Case Ransom Revelation: In a shocking public disclosure, it was revealed that $50,000 in ransom had been paid in the infamous Lindbergh kidnapping case, despite the child not being returned. This development heightened the national intrigue and tragedy surrounding the high-profile child abduction.
10 Apr Paul von Hindenburg Re-elected as German President: In a significant political moment, Paul von Hindenburg was re-elected as the President of Germany in a contentious presidential election. The election was marked by political tension and violence, with hundreds of individuals arrested on election day. Hindenburg secured a majority of votes, extending his presidential term by another seven years.
11 Apr Massive Volcanic Eruptions in the Andes: A catastrophic geological event unfolded as fourteen volcanoes simultaneously erupted along the Andean mountain range, forcing thousands of residents to evacuate their homes. The widespread volcanic activity caused significant environmental disruption and posed serious risks to local populations.
12 Apr German Stock Exchange Reopens: The German stock exchange reopened for the first time in almost seven months, signaling a potential economic recovery during the challenging period of the Great Depression.
13 Apr Hindenburg's Critical Nazi Party Decree: President Paul von Hindenburg issued an emergency decree through Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, ordering the immediate dissolution of the SA, SS, and all auxiliary forces of the Nazi Party, a significant political maneuver during the tumultuous period of early Nazi Germany.
14 Apr First Artificial Nuclear Disintegration: John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton successfully split the nucleus of lithium using a focused proton beam, marking a groundbreaking moment in nuclear physics. This experiment demonstrated the ability to artificially transmute atomic nuclei, paving the way for future nuclear research and understanding of atomic structure.
15 Apr Ivar Kreuger Fraud Scandal Leads to Arrests in Sweden: On April 15, 1932, Swedish authorities arrested three corporate directors connected to the infamous businessman Ivar Kreuger, who was known as the 'Match King'. These arrests were part of a broader investigation into financial fraud and corporate misconduct surrounding Kreuger's business empire, which had recently collapsed in a spectacular financial scandal that sent shockwaves through international financial markets.
16 Apr Laurel and Hardy's 'The Music Box' Release: The iconic comedy short film 'The Music Box', starring the legendary comedy duo Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, was released in the United States, further cementing their status as pioneering comedic actors of the early sound film era.
17 Apr Ethiopia Abolishes Slavery: Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia officially ended the practice of slavery in the country, marking a significant milestone in human rights and social reform. This landmark decision represented a crucial step towards modernizing Ethiopian society and aligning the nation with international humanitarian standards.
18 Apr Roosevelt's Stance on Prohibition: During a pivotal moment in the early years of the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt publicly declared his support for repealing the national Prohibition and returning alcohol regulation to individual state governments. This stance signaled a significant shift in national policy and reflected growing public dissatisfaction with the nationwide ban on alcohol that had been in effect since 1920.
19 Apr First Nuclear Disintegration Breakthrough: Scientists John Cockcroft and E. T. S. Walton achieve a groundbreaking scientific milestone by successfully disintegrating atomic nuclei through bombardment with artificially accelerated protons, marking a significant advancement in nuclear physics.
20 Apr Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Introduces Air Conditioning: On April 20, 1932, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) made transportation history by introducing air conditioning on its premier train, the National Limited. This groundbreaking service connected St. Louis and New York, offering passengers unprecedented comfort during their journey. The implementation of air conditioning represented a significant technological advancement in passenger rail travel, dramatically improving the travel experience by providing a cool and controlled environment during long-distance trips.
21 Apr Full Moon on April 21, 1932: On April 21, 1932, a full moon illuminated the night sky, casting its bright, silvery light across the landscape. Full moons have long been significant in various cultural, astronomical, and folkloric contexts, often marking important seasonal or agricultural cycles.
22 Apr Sarojini Naidu Arrested During Indian Independence Movement: Sarojini Naidu, a prominent female independence activist in India, was forcibly removed from a train en route to Delhi and arrested for deliberately defying British colonial authorities' order prohibiting her from attending a National Congress meeting. This act of civil disobedience highlighted the growing resistance against British imperial rule and Naidu's significant role in India's independence struggle.
23 Apr Newcastle United Wins FA Cup Final: Newcastle United triumphs over Arsenal with a 2-1 victory in the FA Cup Final at the iconic Wembley Stadium, marking a significant moment in English football history.
24 Apr Nazi Party Electoral Success in Prussia: In a significant political development, the Nazi Party (NSDAP) secured 36.3 percent of the vote in the Prussian regional elections, demonstrating their growing political influence in Germany during the tumultuous Weimar Republic period.
25 Apr Hitler Demands Political Power After Election: Adolf Hitler, speaking from Munich, declared that the recent election results provided a mandate for the Nazi Party to form governments in Prussia and other German states, signaling a critical moment in the rise of Nazi political influence.
26 Apr Michael Smith - Nobel Laureate Biochemist: Michael Smith, an English-born biochemist, was a distinguished scientist who would later be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his groundbreaking work in site-directed mutagenesis. His research significantly advanced molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques.
27 Apr Hoover's Pension Bill Veto: U.S. President Herbert Hoover vetoed a bill that would have increased pensions for soldiers and sailors during the challenging economic period of the Great Depression. This action reflected the tight fiscal constraints of the time.
28 Apr Yellow Fever Vaccine Breakthrough: Scientists at the Rockefeller Foundation announced a groundbreaking vaccine for yellow fever, marking a significant milestone in medical research and public health. This vaccine would help prevent a deadly tropical disease that had caused numerous epidemics and significant mortality rates in regions like Africa and South America.
29 Apr Literary Digest Prohibition Poll: The Literary Digest published a comprehensive nationwide poll revealing overwhelming public sentiment against Prohibition. The poll showed that 46 out of 48 states supported repealing the Eighteenth Amendment, signaling a significant shift in public opinion and foreshadowing the eventual end of the Prohibition era.
30 Apr Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific significant historical events were recorded for April 30, 1932, this period was part of the challenging interwar era between World War I and World War II. Many countries were still recovering from the economic impacts of the Great Depression, which had begun in 1929 and was causing widespread economic hardship globally.
01 May Assassination of French President Paul Doumer: French President Paul Doumer was assassinated by Paul Gorguloff (corrected name spelling), a Russian émigré, in a shocking political murder that stunned the French nation and highlighted the political tensions of the early 1930s.
02 May Pearl S. Buck Wins Pulitzer Prize for 'The Good Earth': Pearl S. Buck was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her groundbreaking novel 'The Good Earth', which provided Western readers with a profound and empathetic portrayal of rural Chinese life during the early 20th century. The novel would later contribute significantly to cross-cultural understanding between the United States and China.
03 May 1932 Pulitzer Prizes Awarded: The 1932 Pulitzer Prizes were announced, with several notable achievements. *Of Thee I Sing* became the first musical to win the Prize for drama. Journalist Walter Duranty of *The New York Times* won for his Soviet Union coverage, a decision later criticized for presenting an uncritical view of Stalin's regime. Pearl S. Buck's *The Good Earth* won the Prize for fiction.
04 May Al Capone Imprisoned for Tax Evasion: Notorious Chicago mobster Al Capone was convicted and entered Atlanta Penitentiary to serve an eleven-year prison sentence for income tax evasion, marking a significant legal victory against organized crime during the Prohibition era.
05 May Japan-China Peace Treaty Signing: On May 5, 1932, Japan and China signed a significant peace treaty, marking a diplomatic effort to resolve ongoing tensions between the two nations during a period of regional instability.
06 May Secret Political Negotiations Between Von Schleicher and Hitler: On May 6, 1932, General Kurt von Schleicher engaged in a clandestine meeting with Adolf Hitler, negotiating a strategic political agreement. The 'gentlemen's agreement' involved the Nazi Party supporting Schleicher's bid for chancellorship in exchange for lifting the ban on the SA and SS paramilitary organizations and dissolving the Reichstag for early elections. This meeting was a critical moment in the political maneuvering that would eventually lead to Hitler's rise to power.
07 May French President Assassinated: Paul Doumer, the 75-year-old President of France, died from wounds sustained in an assassination the previous day, marking a significant political tragedy in early 1930s France.
08 May French Legislative Election of 1932: The second round of the French legislative election took place, with the left-wing coalition Cartel des Gauches narrowly defeating centrist and conservative parties. This election reflected the complex political landscape of France during the interwar period.
09 May Piccadilly Circus Illuminated by Electricity: On this historic day, Piccadilly Circus in London, England, was first illuminated by electricity, marking a significant milestone in urban modernization and technological advancement. This transformation symbolized the growing electrification of public spaces in early 20th-century Europe.
10 May Wellington Relief Workers Riot Over Unemployment Act: In a dramatic protest against economic hardship, approximately 4,000 relief workers marched on the New Zealand parliament in Wellington, demanding the repeal of the Unemployment Amendment Act. The demonstration escalated into a riot after Public Works Minister Gordon Coates delayed the government's response. Protesters smashed over 200 windows and looted shops before police restored order in the city centre.
11 May Britain Warns Irish Free State on Oath of Allegiance: On May 11, 1932, the British government issued a stern diplomatic warning to the Irish Free State, stating that it would revoke tariff preferences if the state proceeded to abolish the Oath of Allegiance to the British monarch, highlighting the ongoing tensions in Anglo-Irish relations.
12 May Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping Tragedy: The body of Charles Lindbergh's infant son was discovered near the family's home in Hopewell, New Jersey, marking a devastating conclusion to a ten-week kidnapping ordeal that had captured national attention. The tragic discovery shocked the American public and became one of the most infamous criminal cases of the early 20th century.
13 May Attack on Former Spanish King Alfonso XIII: While visiting his son in Marseilles, France, former King Alfonso XIII was unexpectedly attacked by a Spanish republican who struck him multiple times in the face. The assailant was quickly apprehended by authorities, highlighting the political tensions in Spain during this tumultuous period.
14 May We Want Beer! Parade in New York: A massive public demonstration against Prohibition, where thousands of New Yorkers marched to protest the alcohol ban, symbolizing growing public discontent with the nationwide alcohol restrictions.
15 May Assassination of Japanese Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi: On May 15, 1932, Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was assassinated by 11 young naval officers in an attempted coup d'état. The ultranationalist plotters, including naval officers and army cadets from the League of Blood, confronted Inukai at his residence, spoke with him briefly, and then shot him around 5:30 PM. He succumbed to his injuries later that night at 11:20 PM.
16 May Tragic Fire on Ocean Liner MS Georges Philippar: A devastating fire erupted aboard the ocean liner MS Georges Philippar while at sea, approximately 145 miles off the coast of Africa near Cape Guardafui in Italian Somaliland. The catastrophic incident resulted in the tragic loss of 54 lives, marking a significant maritime disaster of the early 1930s.
17 May Deadly Hindu-Muslim Riots in Bombay: British Indian troops suppress communal violence in Bombay, resulting in a tragic loss of 88 lives when troops opened fire on rioting crowds, highlighting the intense religious tensions during the colonial period.
18 May Birth of Dean Tavoularis, Renowned Production Designer: Dean Tavoularis, a distinguished Greek-American motion picture production designer known for his iconic work in cinema, was born on May 18, 1932. Throughout his illustrious career, Tavoularis would become renowned for his groundbreaking visual design, particularly his collaborations with legendary directors like Francis Ford Coppola on films such as 'The Godfather' trilogy and 'Apocalypse Now'.
19 May Irish Dáil Abolishes Oath of Allegiance to British Monarch: On May 19, 1932, the Irish Dáil (parliament) passed a significant bill to abolish the Oath of Allegiance to the British monarch, marking another pivotal step in Ireland's journey towards complete political independence. The bill passed with a narrow margin of 77 votes to 69, reflecting the deep political divisions of the time. This legislative action was part of the broader process of deconstructing British constitutional ties following the Irish Free State's establishment in 1922.
20 May Amelia Earhart's Historic Transatlantic Solo Flight: Amelia Earhart made aviation history by becoming the first woman and second person overall to complete a solo nonstop transatlantic flight. Departing from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, she navigated challenging icy conditions and successfully landed in a farmer's pasture in Ireland after a grueling fifteen-hour journey. This groundbreaking achievement significantly advanced women's representation in aviation and challenged existing gender barriers in exploration.
21 May Amelia Earhart's Historic Transatlantic Solo Flight: On May 21, 1932, pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart made history by becoming the first woman to successfully complete a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite challenging weather conditions, she skillfully navigated her aircraft and landed in a pasture near Derry, Northern Ireland, after a grueling 14-hour and 56-minute journey from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland. Her remarkable achievement covered approximately 2,026 miles and solidified her status as a groundbreaking female pilot, inspiring generations of women in aviation.
22 May Amelia Earhart's Historic Solo Atlantic Crossing: On May 22, 1932, pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart made history by becoming the first woman to complete a solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Flying her Lockheed Vega 5B, she departed from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, and landed near Londonderry, Northern Ireland, after a challenging 14-hour, 56-minute journey. This groundbreaking achievement not only challenged gender barriers in aviation but also solidified Earhart's reputation as one of the most significant pilots of the 20th century.
23 May Einstein's Call for Global Disarmament: In Geneva, renowned physicist Albert Einstein made a passionate plea for global peace, urging pacifists worldwide to demand complete disarmament within the next five years, highlighting his commitment to international conflict resolution.
24 May Nazi Reichstag Motion on Danzig Tensions: In a politically charged session, Nazi legislators in the German Reichstag passed a motion by a narrow 11-10 vote, signaling Germany's aggressive stance towards potential conflicts involving the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk). The motion explicitly warned Poland that any perceived attack on Danzig would be interpreted as a direct threat to Germany's vital interests, heightening diplomatic tensions in pre-World War II Europe.
25 May Birth of K. C. Jones: K. C. Jones, a legendary American professional basketball player and coach, was born. Jones would go on to have a remarkable career in basketball, winning multiple NBA championships both as a player with the Boston Celtics and later as a coach.
26 May Hamburg Food Riot Turns Violent: A deadly confrontation erupted during a food riot in Hamburg, resulting in the deaths of a policeman and a communist, highlighting the social tensions and economic hardships of the early 1930s in Germany.
27 May Sydney Harbour Bridge Opening: The iconic Sydney Harbour Bridge was officially opened, marking a significant milestone in Australian infrastructure and engineering. The steel through arch bridge, designed by British firm Dorman Long of Middlesbrough, became an instant symbol of Sydney and a critical transportation link connecting the city's northern and southern shores.
28 May Completion of the Afsluitdijk and Transformation of Zuiderzee: On May 28, 1932, the Netherlands completed the construction of the Afsluitdijk, a massive hydraulic engineering project that closed off the Zuiderzee bay from the North Sea. This monumental dam transformed the saltwater bay into the freshwater IJsselmeer, marking a significant milestone in Dutch water management and land reclamation efforts. The project not only protected the coastal regions from flooding but also created new agricultural lands and improved the region's water resources.
29 May Amelia Earhart's Historic Solo Atlantic Flight: Amelia Earhart became the first woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, a groundbreaking achievement in aviation history that challenged gender barriers and advanced women's recognition in aeronautics. Her courageous journey significantly contributed to the progression of female pilots and international aviation exploration.
30 May End of Brüning Chancellorship in Germany: President Paul von Hindenburg dismissed Chancellor Heinrich Brüning, marking a critical moment in the decline of the Weimar Republic. Hindenburg appointed Franz von Papen to form a new government, which was explicitly anti-democratic and set the stage for the eventual rise of Nazi power in Germany.
31 May Political Shifts in Germany and Japanese Diplomacy: In a significant political transition, German President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Franz von Papen as the new Chancellor of Germany, marking another unstable period in the Weimar Republic's governance. Simultaneously, international diplomatic pressure compelled Japan to agree to a ceasefire, likely related to ongoing regional tensions or military conflicts.
01 Jun Formation of Lunteren Soccer Team: On June 1, 1932, the Lunteren soccer team was officially established in the small Dutch town of Lunteren. This local sports club would become an important part of the community's social and athletic landscape, representing the town in regional soccer competitions.
02 Jun Franz von Papen Becomes Chancellor of Germany: Franz von Papen, a conservative German politician, formed a new cabinet and became Chancellor of Germany during a politically turbulent period of the Weimar Republic. His government was characterized by its conservative and anti-democratic approach, which would ultimately contribute to the political instability that helped pave the way for Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
03 Jun Hindenburg Disbands German Parliament: President Paul von Hindenburg dissolved the German Parliament (Reichstag), a significant political move during the tumultuous period of the Weimar Republic that would contribute to the instability leading to the rise of Nazi Germany.
04 Jun Chilean Socialist Republic Coup: On June 4, 1932, Marmaduke Grove, a prominent Chilean military officer, led a significant military coup that established the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile. This radical political event represented a dramatic shift in Chilean political landscape, challenging the existing governmental structure and attempting to implement socialist principles through military intervention.
05 Jun Nazi Electoral Success in Mecklenburg-Schwerin: On June 5, 1932, the Nazi Party achieved a decisive victory in the state elections of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, winning 30 out of 59 seats and securing an absolute majority. This election represented a critical moment in the rise of Nazi political power in Germany during the tumultuous Weimar Republic period.
06 Jun Rothermere's Controversial German Monarchy Prediction: Lord Rothermere, writing in the Daily Mail, made a bold political prophecy suggesting the Hohenzollern dynasty would reclaim the German throne within 18 months, reflecting the volatile political climate of early 1930s Europe.
07 Jun Oldest Player Extra-Base Hit Record: On June 7, 1932, veteran pitcher John Quinn made baseball history by becoming the oldest player at age 47 to record an extra-base hit (a double) and successfully bat in a run during a game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Chicago Cubs. The Dodgers won the game decisively with a 9-2 score, highlighting Quinn's remarkable achievement late in his professional baseball career.
08 Jun Revenue Act of 1932 Implemented: The United States Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1932, a significant fiscal policy measure during the Great Depression era. This legislation was designed to increase federal tax revenues to help address the economic challenges facing the nation during this challenging period. The act introduced substantial tax increases across various economic sectors to help stabilize the federal budget.
09 Jun Birth of Dave McKigney, Canadian Professional Wrestler: Dave McKigney was born on June 9, 1932, in Canada. He would later become a notable professional wrestler who contributed to the wrestling scene during the mid-20th century. McKigney was part of an era when professional wrestling was gaining popularity and transitioning from a regional entertainment form to a more nationally recognized sport.
10 Jun Failed Assassination Attempt on President Machado: Three students in Havana attempted to assassinate Cuban President Gerardo Machado by throwing a bomb at his automobile. The attempt failed, and all three conspirators were immediately pursued and arrested, highlighting the political tensions in Cuba during this period.
11 Jun Discovery of Asteroid 1222 Tina: On June 11, 1932, Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte discovered asteroid #1222 Tina while conducting astronomical observations. This discovery contributed to the ongoing mapping and understanding of minor planets in our solar system.
12 Jun Birth of E. Sreedharan, India's 'Metro Man': E. Sreedharan, widely known as the 'Metro Man' of India, was born on June 12, 1932, in Palakkad, Kerala. A distinguished civil engineer and public servant, Sreedharan graduated from the Government Engineering College, Kakinada. He joined the Indian Railways Engineering Service in 1954 and went on to become a transformative figure in India's infrastructure development, particularly renowned for his pivotal role in modernizing urban transportation systems like the Delhi Metro.
13 Jun German Press Censorship Relaxed: German Interior Minister Wilhelm von Gayl announced a significant modification to press regulations, indicating a slight liberalization of media controls. Newspapers would now only face prohibition if they were found to be publishing false or deliberately distorted information.
14 Jun First Polish Prisoners Transported to Auschwitz: The first transport of Polish political prisoners arrives at Auschwitz concentration camp, marking the beginning of one of the most notorious sites of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution.
15 Jun Hitler's Stormtroopers Ban Lifted: German President Paul von Hindenburg signed a significant decree lifting the two-month ban on Hitler's stormtroopers, a pivotal moment in the rise of Nazi political power in Germany during the tumultuous early 1930s.
16 Jun Lausanne Conference on German Reparations Begins: The international Lausanne Conference opened in Switzerland to discuss and negotiate the ongoing issue of German reparations payments following World War I, reflecting the complex economic aftermath of the conflict.
17 Jun Senate Rejects Bonus Bill for Veterans: The U.S. Senate decisively voted against the Bonus Bill, rejecting veterans' benefits with a vote of 62 to 18. This vote further exacerbated the economic struggles of World War I veterans during the early years of the Great Depression.
18 Jun DUPE - Cymbeline Oil Tanker Explosion: A tragic maritime disaster occurred in Montreal, Canada, when the Cymbeline oil tanker exploded, resulting in the loss of 30 human lives. The incident highlighted the significant safety risks in early 20th-century maritime and industrial operations.
19 Jun Deadly Hailstorm in Hunan Province: On June 19, 1932, an unprecedented and catastrophic hailstorm struck Hunan Province in central China, resulting in the tragic loss of approximately 200 lives. The massive hailstones, reportedly larger than typical sizes, caused extensive damage to infrastructure, agricultural lands, and resulted in significant human casualties. This extreme weather event highlighted the vulnerability of rural communities to sudden and intense meteorological phenomena during this period.
20 Jun Amelia Earhart Celebrates Transatlantic Solo Flight: On June 20, 1932, Amelia Earhart was honored with a spectacular ticker tape parade in New York City, celebrating her groundbreaking achievement as the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Her historic flight from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland to Culmore, Northern Ireland on May 20-21, 1932, took approximately 14 hours and 56 minutes, covering a distance of approximately 2,026 miles. This remarkable accomplishment not only solidified her status as a pioneering aviator but also significantly advanced women's representation in aviation during the early 20th century.
21 Jun Jack Sharkey Defeats Max Schmeling in Heavyweight Boxing Match: On June 21, 1932, in a significant heavyweight boxing bout, Jack Sharkey defeated Max Schmeling at Madison Square Garden Bowl in Queens, New York. Sharkey won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship through a technical knockout (TKO) in a 15-round match that was marked by controversy and intense competition between two prominent boxers of the era.
22 Jun Hoover's Global Arms Reduction Proposal: In a landmark White House press conference, President Herbert Hoover proposed an ambitious worldwide arms reduction plan. The comprehensive proposal aimed to dramatically decrease military capabilities by abolishing tanks, large guns, and bomber planes. Hoover suggested reducing land armies by one-third and naval tonnage by 25-33%. He argued that this plan would not only promote global peace but also save an estimated $10-15 billion in military expenditures.
23 Jun Vatican Issues New Church Regulations: On June 23, 1932, the Vicar General of Rome, Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, publicized new ecclesiastical regulations issued by Pope Pius XI. These regulations aimed to maintain the sanctity and decorum of church spaces by implementing several specific restrictions: banning church officials from selling candles, prohibiting the use of artificial flowers at altars, and forbidding photography during weddings and other sacred religious ceremonies.
24 Jun Hitler's Political Declaration: On June 24, 1932, Adolf Hitler issued a provocative declaration from Nazi headquarters in Munich, demanding the imposition of martial law across Germany as a means to suppress communist activities. This declaration reflected the rising tensions and political instability in Germany during the early 1930s, foreshadowing the Nazi Party's eventual rise to power.
25 Jun Peter Blake's Birth: Peter Blake, a renowned pop artist, was born in Dartford, England. Blake would later become a significant figure in the British Pop Art movement, famously known for designing the iconic album cover for The Beatles' 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'.
26 Jun Dublin Eucharistic Congress Draws Massive Crowd: On June 26, 1932, the International Eucharistic Congress was held in Dublin, Ireland, attracting an unprecedented gathering of approximately 1 million people at Phoenix Park. This significant religious event highlighted the strong Catholic identity of Ireland during the early 20th century and demonstrated the profound religious devotion of the Irish people. The congress was a major international celebration of the Eucharist, featuring elaborate ceremonies, processions, and religious services that drew participants from around the world.
27 Jun Charles Lindbergh Testifies in Kidnapping Trial: Famed aviator Charles Lindbergh took the stand in the trial of John H. Curtis, who was charged with obstruction of justice related to the high-profile kidnapping of Lindbergh's young son, a case that had captivated national attention.
28 Jun India's First Test Cricket Match Against England: The Indian national cricket team made its historic debut in Test cricket by playing against England at the iconic Lord's Cricket Ground in London. Despite losing the match, this event marked a significant milestone in India's sporting history, representing the country's emergence on the international cricket stage during the late colonial period.
29 Jun Nazi Political Rights Expanded by Emergency Decree: Franz von Papen's cabinet issued a controversial emergency decree that granted Nazis the right to wear brownshirt uniforms and hold political meetings, effectively overriding existing state-level restrictions and facilitating the Nazi party's political mobilization.
01 Jul Franklin D. Roosevelt Nominated for President: Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated as the Democratic Party's presidential candidate at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, a pivotal moment in his political career.
02 Jul Roosevelt's First Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech: Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his groundbreaking first presidential nomination acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, famously promising 'a New Deal for the American people.' This pivotal moment marked a significant turning point in American political history, signaling a transformative approach to addressing the economic challenges of the Great Depression.
03 Jul John McGraw's Baseball Retirement: On July 3, 1932, legendary baseball manager John McGraw retired from professional baseball after a remarkable career with the New York Giants. McGraw was a transformative figure in baseball, known for his strategic brilliance and competitive spirit.
04 Jul Anglo-Irish Trade War Escalates with British Tariff Retaliation: The British government imposed a 100% tariff on imports from the Irish Free State, dramatically escalating economic tensions. This punitive measure was a direct response to Ireland's refusal to make semi-annual land annuity payments, marking a significant moment in the complex economic and political relationship between Britain and Ireland during the interwar period.
05 Jul Salazar Establishes Authoritarian Regime in Portugal: António de Oliveira Salazar assumes power as the Prime Minister of Portugal, establishing the Estado Novo (New State), a conservative, authoritarian regime that would dominate Portuguese politics for the next four decades. His rise marks a significant shift towards fascist-inspired governance in Portugal, characterized by strict political control, suppression of opposition, and conservative Catholic social policies.
06 Jul Dramatic Shooting of Cubs Shortstop: Bill Jurges, shortstop for the Chicago Cubs, was shot twice in a Chicago hotel room by Violet Popovich Valli, a spurned romantic partner. This sensational incident highlighted the personal drama surrounding professional athletes in the 1930s.
07 Jul French Submarine Prométhée Sinks off Cherbourg: On July 7, 1932, the French submarine Prométhée tragically sank off the coast of Cherbourg, resulting in the complete loss of its entire crew. This maritime disaster highlighted the inherent risks faced by naval personnel during the interwar period, when submarine technology was still developing and maritime safety standards were less rigorous.
08 Jul Dow Jones Industrial Average Reaches Great Depression Low Point: On July 8, 1932, the Dow Jones Industrial Average hit its lowest point during the Great Depression, closing at 41.22 points. This represented a catastrophic 90% decline from its peak value in September 1929, symbolizing the severe economic devastation of the era.
09 Jul Lausanne Conference Resolves German Reparations: The Lausanne Conference concluded with a landmark agreement that would fundamentally reshape Germany's post-World War I economic obligations. The agreement stipulated that Germany would make a final payment of 3 billion gold reichsmarks, effectively ending the punitive reparations imposed after World War I.
10 Jul Major League Baseball Record: Nine Hits in One Game: In a remarkable baseball performance, Johnny Burnett of the Cleveland Indians achieved a major league record by hitting nine base hits during an extraordinary eighteen-inning game against the Philadelphia Athletics. Despite Burnett's incredible individual achievement, the Indians ultimately lost the high-scoring match 18-17. Eddie Rommel's relief pitching was pivotal in securing the Athletics' victory, completing one of the most memorable games in baseball history.
11 Jul Roosevelt Accepts Democratic Nomination: Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered a pivotal speech at the Democratic National Convention, formally accepting the party's presidential nomination during the depths of the Great Depression, signaling a potential transformative moment in American political history.
12 Jul Irish Dáil Stalls Oath of Allegiance Bill: The Irish Dáil (parliament) refused to approve amendments to a bill aimed at abolishing the Oath of Allegiance to the British monarch, effectively leaving the legislative process in a state of uncertainty.
13 Jul Amelia Earhart Sets Transcontinental Flight Record: Aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart completed a remarkable transcontinental flight from Los Angeles to Newark in a record-breaking time of 19 hours, 14 minutes, and 40 seconds, further establishing her reputation as a groundbreaking female aviator.
14 Jul Elgar and Menuhin Historic Recording Session: On July 14, 1932, renowned English composer Edward Elgar conducted a landmark recording of his Violin Concerto featuring the prodigious 16-year-old violinist Yehudi Menuhin, creating a seminal moment in classical music history.
15 Jul President Hoover's Salary Reduction During Great Depression: In a symbolic gesture of solidarity during the challenging economic times of the Great Depression, President Herbert Hoover voluntarily reduced his presidential salary by 15-20%. This action was part of the broader Economic Act signed on June 30, 1932, which aimed to demonstrate fiscal responsibility and share the economic burden faced by millions of Americans during the economic crisis.
16 Jul Central City Opera House Restoration and Company Formation: On this historic day, the Central City Opera House in Colorado was officially re-opened, marking a significant moment in the state's cultural preservation. The restoration was spearheaded by three prominent local women: Ida Kruse McFarlane, Edna Chappell, and Anne Evans. Their dedicated efforts not only revived the historic venue but also established the official Central City Opera company, ensuring the continuation of local performing arts traditions.
17 Jul Altona Bloody Sunday: On July 17, 1932, a violent confrontation erupted between the Nazi Party's paramilitary forces (SS and SA) and the German Communist Party in the Altona borough of Hamburg, Germany. This street battle represented a critical moment of political tension during the tumultuous Weimar Republic period, highlighting the growing political polarization and street violence that characterized Germany's descent into political chaos before the Nazi rise to power.
18 Jul Irish Free State Retaliates in Trade War: The Irish Free State's senate approved retaliatory tariff measures against Britain, escalating the ongoing Anglo-Irish Trade War and demonstrating the economic tensions between the two nations during this period.
19 Jul King George V Opens Lambeth Bridge: On July 19, 1932, King George V officially opened the Lambeth Bridge, a significant infrastructure project connecting the north and south banks of the River Thames in London. The bridge, constructed with a distinctive red color to match the nearby Houses of Parliament, represented an important moment in London's urban development during the early 20th century.
20 Jul Preußenschlag: Hindenburg Dissolves Prussian Government: German President Paul von Hindenburg signed a critical decree ordering Franz von Papen to take control of the Prussian state government and declaring martial law, effectively suspending regional autonomy and centralizing power in the national government.
21 Jul Emergency Relief and Construction Act Signed: President Herbert Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, a significant piece of legislation aimed at providing economic relief and infrastructure support during the depths of the Great Depression. The act authorized federal funding for public works projects and established mechanisms to support struggling local and state governments.
22 Jul Hoover Signs Emergency Relief and Construction Act: President Herbert Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act into law, a significant legislative measure aimed at providing economic relief and infrastructure support during the depths of the Great Depression.
23 Jul Bonus Army Veterans Facing Eviction: Bonus Army veterans, who had been squatting in abandoned government-owned buildings in Washington, D.C., were officially notified by local police that they would be forcibly evicted within 24 hours. The buildings were scheduled for demolition to make way for a new public park, highlighting the challenging post-World War I economic conditions and treatment of veterans.
24 Jul Diplomatic Confrontation at Inter-Parliamentary Union in Geneva: A heated diplomatic incident occurred during the 28th Inter-Parliamentary Union conference in Geneva, highlighting the rising tensions between fascist Italy and democratic European nations. Italian delegate Carlo Costamagna was delivering a speech praising Fascism's judicial achievements when French representative Pierre Renaudel dramatically interrupted him. Renaudel challenged the Fascists' legitimacy, questioning their understanding of parliamentary democracy and referencing the notorious assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, a prominent socialist politician murdered by Fascist squadristi in 1924. The exchange quickly escalated into a verbal confrontation, with Mussolini subsequently threatening to withdraw Italy from the organization and demanding diplomatic respect. This incident symbolized the growing ideological divide in pre-World War II Europe between fascist authoritarianism and democratic parliamentary systems.
25 Jul German Constitutional Crisis: In a pivotal moment for Weimar Republic politics, the German Supreme Court on July 25, 1932, declined Prussia's request for an injunction to prevent Chancellor Franz von Papen from taking over the government. This decision significantly weakened Prussian autonomy and marked a critical step in the erosion of democratic institutions in Germany.
26 Jul Death of Frederick S. Duesenberg: Frederick S. Duesenberg, a pioneering automotive engineer and co-founder of the legendary Duesenberg automobile company, passed away. Known for creating some of the most luxurious and high-performance cars of the early 20th century, Duesenberg was instrumental in establishing American automotive engineering excellence.
27 Jul Trial of Paul Gorguloff for Presidential Assassination: On July 27, 1932, Paul Gorguloff stood trial for the assassination of French President Paul Doumer, which had occurred earlier that year. During the legal proceedings, Gorguloff attempted an unusual defense strategy, claiming he was possessed by a demon and therefore not responsible for his actions. This bizarre insanity defense drew significant public and media attention, highlighting the sensational nature of the case and the psychological complexities surrounding political violence.
28 Jul Bonus Army Violently Dispersed by U.S. Military: On July 28, 1932, the U.S. government forcibly evicted World War I veterans who were demanding early payment of their promised wartime bonuses. Under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur, General George Patton, and General Dwight D. Eisenhower, federal troops used tanks, bayonets, and tear gas to clear the veterans' encampment in Washington, D.C. The violent operation resulted in multiple casualties, including two veterans fatally wounded, and the complete destruction of the Bonus Army's camp by fire.
29 Jul Bonus Army Dispersed in Washington, D.C.: During the Great Depression, U.S. Army troops forcibly dispersed the 'Bonus Army', a group of World War I veterans who had gathered in Washington, D.C. to demand early payment of service certificates promised to them. The military used aggressive tactics including arson, bayonets, sabers, tanks, tear gas, and chemical agents to break up the protest.
30 Jul 1932 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony in Los Angeles: The 10th modern Olympic Games officially opened with a grand ceremony at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. United States Vice President Charles Curtis declared the Games open, addressing a crowd of 100,000 spectators. The event featured a parade of 1,332 athletes from 37 nations, the raising of the Olympic flag, the lighting of the Olympic torch via a silver button, and a symbolic release of 2,000 white pigeons, marking the beginning of a historic international sporting event.
31 Jul Nazi Party Gains Significant Electoral Power in Germany: In a pivotal moment of German political history, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) achieved a remarkable electoral victory, winning 38% of the vote in the Reichstag elections. This substantial electoral support signaled the growing political influence of the Nazi Party during the tumultuous Weimar Republic period.
01 Aug Devastating Pearl River Flood in China: A catastrophic flood along the Pearl River resulted in approximately 500 confirmed fatalities, causing massive destruction and highlighting the region's vulnerability to natural disasters during this period of the early 1930s.
02 Aug Positron Discovery: DUPE
03 Aug Inter-American Diplomatic Warning in Chaco War: Nineteen countries of the Americas issued a collective diplomatic warning to Bolivia and Paraguay, declaring that they would not recognize any territorial acquisitions made without mutual consent between the two nations. This statement was part of the ongoing diplomatic efforts to mitigate the escalating Chaco War conflict.
04 Aug Libby Holman Murder Indictment: On August 4, 1932, Broadway actress and singer Libby Holman was formally indicted for the murder of her husband, Reynolds Morgan, in North Carolina. This high-profile case garnered significant media attention, involving a prominent theatrical personality and a sensational criminal investigation that would captivate public interest during the early 1930s.
05 Aug Clyde Barrow Gang Kills Two Law Enforcement Officers: On August 5, 1932, Clyde Barrow and his criminal associates escalated their violent spree by killing Sheriff C.G. Maxwell and Deputy Eugene C. Moore. This incident marked a significant turning point in the Barrow gang's criminal activities, demonstrating their willingness to directly confront and murder law enforcement officers during the height of the Great Depression's crime wave.
06 Aug First Autobahn Section Opens in Germany: Germany inaugurated the first section of its revolutionary Autobahn highway system, a 12.5-mile stretch connecting Cologne and Bonn. This marked the beginning of a groundbreaking transportation infrastructure that would later become a model for modern highway networks worldwide.
07 Aug Stalin's Collective Farm Property Decree: On August 7, 1932, Joseph Stalin issued a severe decree declaring all property on Soviet collective farms as state property. Any unauthorized use of this property would be punishable by death, marking a significant moment of totalitarian control in Soviet agricultural policy.
08 Aug Silver Star Medal Creation: The United States Congress officially established the Silver Star medal, a prestigious military decoration awarded for gallantry in combat.
09 Aug German Emergency Decree on Political Terrorism: On August 9, 1932, the German government enacted a stringent emergency decree targeting political violence. The legislation established severe legal consequences for attacks against law enforcement and military personnel. Under this decree, any individual who seriously wounded a police officer or soldier would face a mandatory minimum prison sentence of ten years. Additionally, even non-fatal shootings and attacks on police would result in significant prison terms, signaling the government's intent to suppress political unrest and protect state representatives.
10 Aug 1932 Summer Olympic Games Opening in Los Angeles: The Xth Olympiad officially commenced in Los Angeles, California, with the distribution of the official program. This marked the beginning of the 1932 Summer Olympic Games, a significant international sporting event during the early 20th century.
11 Aug First Autobahn Section Opens in Germany: Germany inaugurated the first section of its revolutionary Autobahn highway system, opening a 12.5-mile stretch connecting the cities of Cologne and Bonn. This milestone represented a significant advancement in transportation infrastructure and would later become a model for modern highway systems worldwide, symbolizing Germany's technological prowess in the early 1930s.
12 Aug Birth of Queen Sirikit of Thailand: Somdej Phra Nangchao Sirikit Phra Boromarajininat, Her Majesty Queen Sirikit, was born on this date. She would later become a significant figure in Thai royal history, known for her extensive charitable work and support of traditional Thai arts and culture.
13 Aug Hitler's Political Maneuvering: In a pivotal political moment, Adolf Hitler met with President Paul von Hindenburg. Hindenburg rejected Hitler's request to become Chancellor, instead offering him the Vice-Chancellor position. Hitler firmly refused the secondary role and declared he would politically oppose any government not led by himself, signaling his growing political ambition and determination.
14 Aug X Olympic Games Close in Los Angeles: The Games of the X Olympiad concluded in Los Angeles, marking the end of a significant international sporting event. The United States demonstrated remarkable athletic prowess during these Olympic Games.
15 Aug Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were documented for August 15, 1932, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. During this period, the world was in the midst of the Great Depression, with global economic challenges and social transformations happening across various regions.
16 Aug British Communal Award for India: On August 16, 1932, British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald unveiled the Communal Award, a significant political proposal that aimed to restructure electoral representation in British India. The award proposed separate electorates for different religious and ethnic communities, including Muslims, Europeans, and Sikhs. This policy was part of the British colonial strategy of 'divide and rule', which sought to fragment Indian political unity by creating separate voting constituencies based on religious identity.
17 Aug Birth of V.S. Naipaul, Nobel Laureate Writer: V.S. Naipaul, a renowned West Indian-born novelist, literary critic, and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate, was born on this date. Known for his penetrating narratives exploring colonialism, post-colonial societies, and cultural displacement, Naipaul would become one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.
18 Aug First East-West Transatlantic Solo Flight: Scottish aviator Jim Mollison made aviation history by completing the first solo east-west crossing of the North Atlantic. He departed from Portmarnock, Ireland, and landed in New Brunswick, Canada, after an impressive 30-hour and 10-minute journey, demonstrating extraordinary navigational skill and endurance.
19 Aug Hitler's Political Negotiations with Hindenburg and von Papen: A pivotal political meeting in Berlin where Adolf Hitler met with Chancellor Franz von Papen and President Paul von Hindenburg. Hitler sought the full chancellorship but was offered only the vice-chancellor position, which he refused. Hindenburg rejected Hitler's demand, leaving Hitler as the leader of the opposition at this critical moment in pre-Nazi Germany's political landscape.
20 Aug Roosevelt Delivers First Road Speech of Presidential Campaign: Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his inaugural road speech of the 1932 presidential campaign in Columbus, Ohio, a pivotal moment in his political journey during the Great Depression era, connecting directly with voters through public oratory.
21 Aug Birth of Melvin Van Peebles: Melvin Van Peebles, a pioneering African American filmmaker, actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright, was born in Chicago, Illinois. He would later become a significant figure in independent cinema and African American cultural expression.
22 Aug BBC Launches First Regular Television Broadcasts: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) initiated its first experimental regular television broadcasts, marking a significant milestone in the history of electronic media and public communication. This groundbreaking event represented the early stages of what would become a revolutionary medium for information and entertainment.
23 Aug Charlie Chaplin's Custody Dispute with Lita Grey: In a significant legal development, silent film icon Charlie Chaplin sought to legally restrict his ex-wife Lita Grey's access to their children through his legal representation. This custody dispute highlighted the complex personal and legal challenges faced by high-profile celebrities during the early 20th century.
24 Aug Amelia Earhart's Historic Transcontinental Flight: On August 24, 1932, Amelia Earhart achieved a groundbreaking milestone in aviation history by completing the first transcontinental non-stop flight by a woman. She piloted her Lockheed Vega aircraft from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey, covering approximately 2,447 miles in just under 19 hours. This remarkable journey not only demonstrated her exceptional flying skills but also challenged gender barriers in the male-dominated field of aviation during the early 20th century.
25 Aug Amelia Earhart's Historic Transcontinental Flight: On August 25, 1932, pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart completed a groundbreaking transcontinental non-stop flight, landing in Newark, New Jersey. This remarkable achievement further solidified her status as a trailblazing female pilot and helped advance women's representation in aviation during the early 20th century.
26 Aug Nazi Party Leader Appointed in Thuringia: Fritz Sauckel of the Nazi Party was appointed Premier of the Landtag (State Parliament) of Thuringia, marking a significant step in the Nazi Party's growing political influence in regional German politics during the tumultuous early 1930s.
27 Aug Kellogg-Briand Pact Signing: A significant diplomatic agreement between France and the United States aimed at renouncing war as an instrument of national policy, representing a landmark international effort to prevent future global conflicts following World War I.
28 Aug Von Papen's Economic Recovery Plan: On August 28, 1932, German Chancellor Franz von Papen delivered a significant economic speech in Münster, presenting a comprehensive 12-month economic recovery plan. This address came during a critical period of economic instability in Germany, following the devastating impacts of the Great Depression and preceding the rise of Nazi economic policies. Von Papen's plan aimed to address the severe economic challenges facing the Weimar Republic at a time of profound national uncertainty.
29 Aug DUPE: Soviet Union Implements Harsh Theft Penalty: The Soviet Union imposed the death penalty for simple theft as a severe measure to combat rising crime rates, demonstrating the regime's extreme approach to law enforcement during this period.
30 Aug Hermann Göring Elected Reichstag President: On August 30, 1932, Hermann Göring was elected President of the Reichstag, a significant political position during the tumultuous period of the Weimar Republic. As a prominent Nazi Party leader, Göring's election represented a strategic advancement for the Nazi movement in gaining institutional power within the German parliamentary system.
31 Aug Germany Challenges Versailles Treaty Restrictions: In a bold diplomatic move, German General Kurt von Schleicher publicly declared Germany's stance on international disarmament negotiations. He warned that unless Germany was granted full equality and security with neighboring nations, the country would withdraw from ongoing disarmament conferences. On the same day, Germany dispatched a memorandum to France, presenting a stark ultimatum: either France would disarm or permit Germany to rearm, or Germany would unilaterally defy the armament restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. This statement signaled growing German frustration with post-World War I limitations and foreshadowed the rising tensions that would eventually contribute to the lead-up to World War II.
01 Sep Hitler Challenges Von Papen at Nazi Rally: Adolf Hitler delivered a provocative speech at the Berlin Sportpalast, directly challenging Franz von Papen to dissolve the Reichstag. This speech was a significant moment in the political maneuvering that would eventually lead to Hitler's rise to power in Germany.
03 Sep Hitler's Provocative Speech at Berlin Sportpalast: Adolf Hitler delivered a politically charged speech at the Berlin Sportpalast, challenging Franz von Papen and demanding the dissolution of the Reichstag, further intensifying the political instability in Germany during the rise of the Nazi Party.
04 Sep Der Stahlhelm Demonstration in Berlin: A massive demonstration of 197,000 members of Der Stahlhelm (Steel Helmet), a nationalist paramilitary organization, took place at Tempelhof Field in Berlin. They publicly swore allegiance to the von Papen government, signaling the growing political tensions in Germany during the early 1930s.
05 Sep Dissolution of French Upper Volta Colonial Territory: In a significant administrative reorganization, the French colonial administration dismantled the territory of Upper Volta (modern-day Burkina Faso), redistributing its lands among three neighboring French colonial territories: Ivory Coast, French Sudan (now Mali), and Niger. This territorial restructuring reflected the arbitrary colonial boundaries and administrative strategies of the French colonial empire in West Africa, which often prioritized administrative convenience over local ethnic and cultural considerations.
06 Sep Spain Abolishes Death Penalty: On September 6, 1932, Spain made a landmark legal reform by abolishing capital punishment, marking a progressive step in human rights and criminal justice. This decision was part of the broader reforms during the Second Spanish Republic, signaling a commitment to more humane legal practices.
07 Sep J. Paul Getty Born: J. Paul Getty, an influential American-born industrialist and philanthropist, was born. He would later become known as one of the wealthiest individuals of his time, primarily through his success in the oil industry. Getty's legacy includes significant art collections and philanthropic contributions.
08 Sep France Rejects Germany's Arms Equality Request: In a significant diplomatic moment, France formally rejected Germany's request for arms equality, reflecting the ongoing tensions and power dynamics in Europe during the interwar period. This rejection highlighted the lingering mistrust and strategic concerns following World War I.
09 Sep Chaco War Begins Between Paraguay and Bolivia: Territorial disputes and resource conflicts escalate into open warfare between Paraguay and Bolivia in the Gran Chaco region. This conflict, driven by complex border delimitation issues and potential oil resources, would become one of the most significant and devastating wars in South American history.
10 Sep Mafia Killing of Salvatore Maranzano: In a significant moment in organized crime history, Salvatore Maranzano was murdered by one of Charles Luciano's hitmen at the Helmsley Building in New York City, marking a pivotal power shift in the criminal underworld.
11 Sep Polish Challenge 1932 Winners Tragically Die in Plane Crash: Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, celebrated Polish aviators who won the 1932 Challenge, met a tragic end when their RWD 6 aircraft crashed during a severe storm. Their untimely death was a significant loss for Polish aviation and sports achievement.
12 Sep Fall of Papen Government in Germany: The German government led by Chancellor Franz von Papen was dissolved after losing political support, marking a significant moment of political instability in the Weimar Republic during the tumultuous early 1930s.
13 Sep Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1932: A devastating Category 4 hurricane reached its peak intensity in the Atlantic Ocean, causing significant destruction along the US East Coast. The storm resulted in a tragic loss of life, with estimates ranging between 300-400 fatalities, making it one of the most destructive hurricanes of the early 20th century.
14 Sep Execution of Paul Gorguloff, Assassin of French President: On September 14, 1932, Paul Gorguloff, the 37-year-old assassin of French President Paul Doumer, was executed by guillotine. This event marked the judicial conclusion of a high-profile political assassination that had shocked the French nation.
15 Sep German Work Week Reduction: Chancellor Franz von Papen issued a decree establishing a 40-hour work week in Germany, an innovative labor policy aimed at mitigating unemployment during the early years of the Great Depression. This progressive measure sought to distribute available work more evenly among workers and provide economic relief during a challenging economic period.
16 Sep Birth of Micky Stewart: On September 16, 1932, Micky Stewart OBE was born in London, England. Stewart would later become a notable figure in cricket, both as a player and a coach, contributing significantly to the sport's development in the United Kingdom.
17 Sep Han-Liu War Begins: On September 17, 1932, a significant regional conflict erupted in Shandong, China, as warlords Han Fuju and Liu Zhennian initiated military hostilities. This war represented the ongoing fragmentation and internal power struggles characteristic of the warlord era in early 20th-century China, highlighting the complex political landscape of the period.
18 Sep Formation of Saudi Arabia: King Ibn Saud successfully united several kingdoms of the Arabian Peninsula, officially establishing the modern nation of Saudi Arabia through strategic political consolidation and diplomatic negotiations. This momentous event marked the birth of a new sovereign state that would become a significant geopolitical and economic power in the Middle East.
19 Sep Purple Heart Celebration and Washington Bicentennial: On September 19, 1932, a significant bicentennial celebration commemorating Constitution Day took place in Ansonia, Connecticut. The event honored World War veterans with Purple Heart awards and featured an extensive parade that originated in Derby and proceeded through Main Street before culminating at Athletic Field 3. The celebration was remarkable for its scale, drawing the largest crowd ever assembled in Ansonia at that time. The parade was described as long and colorful, while the award ceremony for Purple Heart recipients was particularly impressive, highlighting the community's respect for military service and national history.
20 Sep Gandhi's Hunger Strike for Untouchables: Mahatma Gandhi initiates a powerful hunger strike to protest the systemic discrimination against untouchables in the Indian social hierarchy, drawing international attention to social injustice.
21 Sep No Significant Historical Record: After thorough research, no notable historical event was found for September 21, 1932. This date appears to be without a documented significant occurrence in the available historical archives.
22 Sep Amelia Earhart Advocates for Equal Rights Amendment: On September 22, 1932, pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart, alongside four prominent members of the National Woman's Party, met with President Herbert Hoover at the White House to lobby for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). This historic meeting was part of the ongoing struggle for women's legal and social equality, with Earhart using her public prominence to support constitutional protections against gender-based discrimination. The proposed amendment, also known as the Lucretia Mott Amendment, aimed to guarantee equal legal rights regardless of sex.
23 Sep Formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was officially renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, marking a significant milestone in the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the leadership of King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud.
24 Sep Poona Pact: Gandhi and Ambedkar's Historic Agreement: Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar reached a landmark agreement known as the Poona Pact, which was a crucial step towards social justice in India. The pact reserved legislative seats for the 'Depressed Classes' (Untouchables), marking a significant moment in the struggle against caste-based discrimination and promoting political representation for marginalized communities.
25 Sep Poona Pact: A Milestone in Indian Social Reform: The Poona Pact, signed by Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar on September 25, 1932, was a landmark agreement that reserved electoral seats for India's lowest classes (Dalits) in the legislature of British India. This pact was a significant step towards social equality and political representation for marginalized communities.
26 Sep Birth of Manmohan Singh: Manmohan Singh, who would later become the Prime Minister of India, was born on September 26, 1932, in Gah, a village located in British India (now part of Pakistan). He was a distinguished economist and politician who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014, representing the Indian National Congress party.
27 Sep Political Assassinations Shake Cuba: A violent wave of political assassinations rocked Cuba, resulting in the murder of four prominent political leaders, including Clemente Vazquez Bello, the President of the Senate. This event underscored the political instability and intense factional conflicts prevalent in Cuban politics during the early 1930s.
28 Sep Birth of Víctor Jara, Chilean Folk Singer and Activist: Víctor Jara, a renowned Chilean folk singer, theatre director, and political activist, was born on this day. He would later become a significant cultural icon and symbol of resistance against political oppression in Chile, tragically murdered in 1973 during the military coup led by Augusto Pinochet.
29 Sep Paraguayan Victory in Battle of Boquerón: The Battle of Boquerón concluded with a decisive victory for Paraguay, as the Bolivian garrison surrendered, marking a turning point in the Chaco War.
30 Sep Student Riot in Havana Commemorating Rafael Trejo: University students in Havana staged a significant protest on the second anniversary of Rafael Trejo's death. Trejo was a prominent student leader who had been killed during political demonstrations, and his memory became a rallying point for student activism and resistance against the political regime of the time.
01 Oct Babe Ruth's Legendary 'Called Shot': During Game 3 of the World Series between the New York Yankees and Chicago Cubs, Babe Ruth allegedly pointed to the center-field bleachers and then dramatically hit a home run to that exact spot, creating one of baseball's most famous and debated moments.
02 Oct Babe Ruth's Legendary 'Called Shot': During Game 3 of the World Series between the Yankees and Cubs, baseball legend Babe Ruth allegedly pointed to the center-field bleachers and then dramatically hit a home run to that exact spot, creating one of baseball's most famous moments.
03 Oct Iraq's Independence from the United Kingdom: On October 3, 1932, the Kingdom of Iraq officially gained full independence from British colonial rule, marking a significant milestone in the nation's political history. This momentous event concluded the British mandate established after World War I and signaled Iraq's emergence as a sovereign state. As part of this transition, Iraq was admitted to the League of Nations, formally recognizing its international status and sovereignty.
04 Oct Anti-Semitic Government Formed in Hungary: Julius Gombos, a known anti-Semite, formed a new government in Hungary, signaling a dangerous shift towards nationalist and discriminatory political ideology during the interwar period.
05 Oct Iraq Gains Independence from British Mandate: On October 5, 1932, Iraq officially achieved full independence from British colonial rule and was admitted as a sovereign member of the League of Nations. This marked a significant milestone in Iraq's political history, transitioning from a British mandate territory to a fully recognized independent state. The event represented a crucial moment in the decolonization process of the Middle East and signaled Iraq's emergence as a modern nation-state.
07 Oct SS Rex Completes Inaugural Transatlantic Voyage: The Italian transatlantic liner SS Rex completed her maiden voyage to New York harbor on October 7, 1932. Departing from Genoa on September 27, the ship overcame technical challenges, including an unplanned two-day stopover in Gibraltar, and successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean in an impressive five days and fourteen hours. The vessel was enthusiastically welcomed by the Italian-American community, symbolizing the era's maritime technological achievements.
08 Oct Establishment of the Indian Air Force: On October 8, 1932, the Indian Air Force (IAF) was officially established, marking a significant milestone in India's military aviation history. The IAF was created during the British colonial period and would later play a crucial role in India's defense after independence. Initially formed with a small number of personnel and aircraft, the IAF would grow to become one of the largest and most sophisticated air forces in the world.
09 Oct Babe Ruth's Legendary 'Called Shot': During Game 3 of the 1932 World Series between the New York Yankees and Chicago Cubs, baseball legend Babe Ruth allegedly made one of the most famous moments in sports history. Ruth reportedly pointed to the center-field bleachers, predicting where he would hit a home run, and then dramatically hit the ball exactly where he had indicated, cementing his reputation as a baseball icon.
10 Oct Dnieper Hydroelectric Station Inauguration: The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station was officially opened in the Soviet Union, representing a significant industrial and technological achievement in infrastructure development during the early Soviet era.
11 Oct Einstein Warns Roosevelt About Atomic Potential: Albert Einstein writes a pivotal letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, discussing the potential development of an atomic bomb, which would later become a crucial moment in the lead-up to the Manhattan Project during World War II.
12 Oct Franz von Papen's Constitutional Speech in Munich: In a significant political moment during the tumultuous Weimar Republic era, German Chancellor Franz von Papen delivered a speech in Munich proposing a new constitution that would centralize supreme governmental authority, reflecting the complex political landscape of pre-Nazi Germany.
13 Oct Notable Births on October 13, 1932: On October 13, 1932, three significant individuals were born who would make notable contributions in their respective fields: Ed Kalafat, a basketball player who would help shape the sport's early development; Jean Edward Smith, a renowned political scientist and respected biographer known for his scholarly works; and John G. Thompson, a distinguished mathematician who made important contributions to mathematical theory.
14 Oct Notable Births on October 14, 1932: Several significant individuals were born on this date, including: 1. An accomplished American surgeon who became a renowned authority in advanced cancer research and a distinguished teacher at Yale University Medical School. 2. Dyanne Thorne, an American actress famous for her iconic role as Ilsa in the Ilsa film series, known for her distinctive performances. 3. An American tenor and actor who made contributions to the performing arts until his passing in 2005. 4. A Russian-American academic and physicist who made notable contributions to scientific research before passing away in 2005. 5. An exceptional American bridge player, writer, and administrator who achieved the remarkable distinction of winning five world championships, a unique accomplishment in the competitive bridge world.
15 Oct First Flight of Tata Airlines: On October 15, 1932, Tata Airlines, which would later evolve into the iconic Air India, completed its inaugural flight. This milestone marked the beginning of commercial aviation in India, pioneered by the visionary Tata Group under the leadership of J.R.D. Tata, who was himself a pilot and aviation enthusiast.
16 Oct Einstein's Revolutionary Earth Age Calculation: During a groundbreaking lecture in Berlin, Albert Einstein challenged existing scientific understanding by presenting a calculated age of the Earth at 10 billion years, which was approximately 7 billion years more than the contemporary scientific consensus. This bold assertion had significant implications for geological and astronomical research, potentially reshaping understanding of planetary formation and geological timescales.
17 Oct Prison Riot at Kingston Penitentiary: On October 17, 1932, a significant prison riot erupted at Kingston Penitentiary, one of Canada's oldest and most notorious federal correctional facilities located in Ontario. During the disturbance, inmates caused substantial damage to prison machinery and equipment. While the riot was intense, it resulted in only a few injuries, suggesting a relatively controlled outbreak of unrest. The incident highlighted ongoing tensions within the prison system and raised questions about inmate conditions and management during the challenging economic period of the Great Depression.
18 Oct Birth of Vytautas Landsbergis, Key Lithuanian Political Figure: Vytautas Landsbergis was a prominent Lithuanian politician who played a crucial role in Lithuania's independence movement and was instrumental in challenging Soviet control during the late 1980s and early 1990s. As the first post-Soviet leader of Lithuania, he was a significant figure in the peaceful dissolution of the Soviet Union.
19 Oct British-Soviet Trade Agreement Signed: The British government formally signed a comprehensive trade agreement with the Soviet Union, marking a significant diplomatic and economic milestone during the interwar period. This agreement represented an important step in normalizing relations between the two nations despite ideological differences.
20 Oct Kingston Penitentiary Riot: A significant prison uprising occurred at Kingston Penitentiary in Ontario, Canada. Military troops with machine guns were deployed to assist prison guards. The riot involved controversial circumstances surrounding imprisoned Communist leader Tim Buck, with allegations of potential targeted violence against him.
21 Oct Kingston Penitentiary Riot Suppressed: On October 21, 1932, authorities successfully quelled a riot at Kingston Penitentiary, a historic maximum-security prison in Ontario, Canada. The early morning intervention by prison guards and potentially local law enforcement restored order, preventing potential widespread violence and demonstrating the institutional control of the correctional system during that era.
22 Oct "Dinner at Eight" Broadway Premiere: The famous play "Dinner at Eight" by George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber premiered in New York City, marking a significant moment in American theatrical history. The witty comedy of manners would later be adapted into a successful Hollywood film.
23 Oct National Hunger Marchers Clash with Fascists: Thousands of National Hunger Marchers converge on London, resulting in street confrontations with Oswald Mosley's Fascists near Trafalgar Square, highlighting the social and political tensions of the Great Depression era.
24 Oct Insull Brothers Requested to Return for Business Collapse Inquiry: Business executive Samuel Insull and his brother Martin were formally requested by the Chicago state's attorney to return from their foreign refuges to face an investigation into the collapse of the Insull business empire, which resulted in massive investor losses during the early years of the Great Depression.
25 Oct Mussolini's Dictatorial Ambition: In a bold declaration, Benito Mussolini promised to remain Italy's dictator for the next 30 years, underscoring his authoritarian intentions.
26 Oct Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were documented for October 26, 1932, this period was part of the challenging Great Depression era in the United States and globally. During this time, economic hardship was widespread, with high unemployment and significant social challenges affecting millions of people.
27 Oct Mussolini Opens Fascist Revolution Exhibition: On October 27, 1932, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini inaugurated the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome. The extensive exhibition featured 15,000 diverse artifacts and displays chronicling the rise of Fascism from the outbreak of World War I in 1914 to the pivotal March on Rome in 1922. This propaganda event was designed to celebrate and legitimize the Fascist regime's historical narrative and political ideology.
28 Oct Anti-Prohibition Demonstration in Newark: On October 28, 1932, over 20,000 people participated in a massive anti-prohibition parade and demonstration in Newark, New Jersey. This event was part of the growing national movement to repeal the 18th Amendment, reflecting widespread public dissatisfaction with alcohol prohibition during the early years of the Great Depression.
29 Oct Launch of French Liner Normandie: The SS Normandie, a prestigious French ocean liner, was launched on this date. Known for its revolutionary design and luxurious accommodations, the Normandie was a symbol of French maritime engineering and technological prowess during the interwar period.
30 Oct British Hunger Marchers Clash with Police: A significant social protest erupted in London, with Hunger Marchers confronting British police near key government locations including Buckingham Palace and 10 Downing Street. The confrontation resulted in 10-12 injuries, highlighting the intense economic hardship and social tensions during the Great Depression era. This event symbolized the growing frustration of working-class citizens against economic inequality and government policies.
31 Oct Roosevelt Campaign Speech at Madison Square Garden: Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered a campaign speech at Madison Square Garden in New York City during the final week of the 1932 presidential election, a pivotal moment in American political history.
01 Nov Wernher von Braun Leads German Rocket Program: Wernher von Braun was appointed as the head of Germany's liquid-fuel rocket research and development program, marking a significant moment in the early stages of rocket science and aerospace engineering. This appointment would later prove crucial to both German military rocket technology during World War II and subsequent space exploration efforts.
02 Nov The Great Emu War of Western Australia: In a bizarre chapter of Australian military history, the government of Western Australia launched a military-style operation against a population of emus causing significant agricultural damage in the Campion district. Major G.P.W. Meredith of the Seventh Heavy Battery was dispatched with two Lewis guns to combat the large, flightless birds that were devastating wheat crops. Despite being armed soldiers against birds, the emus proved surprisingly elusive and resilient, ultimately 'defeating' the military intervention through their unpredictable movements and ability to quickly disperse.
03 Nov Berlin Transit Workers Strike: On November 3, 1932, approximately 15,000 transit employees in Berlin went on strike, reflecting the intense political tensions of the Weimar Republic era. The strike was notably influenced by both Communist and Nazi political factions, highlighting the volatile political climate in Germany just before Hitler's rise to power.
04 Nov Mussolini's Megalomaniacal Monument: In a dramatic display of personal propaganda, Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini unveiled a towering 54-foot high obelisk in Rome, prominently featuring his own name carved in massive letters. This monument symbolized the cult of personality surrounding Mussolini and the narcissistic tendencies of his authoritarian regime.
05 Nov Lancashire Cotton Workers Strike Concludes: On November 5, 1932, a significant labor dispute involving 200,000 cotton workers in Lancashire, England, came to an end after five days of strike action. The workers reluctantly agreed to wage cuts, reflecting the economic hardships of the Great Depression era.
06 Nov 1932 German Federal Election: The German federal elections were held on November 6, 1932, marking a significant political moment in the Weimar Republic. The Nazi Party (NSDAP), led by Adolf Hitler, experienced a notable electoral setback, losing approximately 2 million votes and 35 parliamentary seats. Despite these losses, the Nazis remained the largest party in the Reichstag. Simultaneously, the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) gained 11 seats, securing exactly 100 seats in the parliament, reflecting the intense political polarization of the era.
07 Nov Buck Rogers Radio Debut: Buck Rogers in the 25th Century first aired on radio, marking a significant milestone in science fiction broadcasting. This pioneering radio program introduced audiences to a futuristic adventure series that would become a landmark in early science fiction entertainment.
08 Nov 1932 United States Presidential Election: Franklin D. Roosevelt decisively defeats incumbent President Herbert Hoover in a historic election that marks a pivotal moment in American political history. Roosevelt's landslide victory signals a dramatic shift in public sentiment during the depths of the Great Depression, promising significant economic and social reforms through his New Deal policies.
09 Nov Geneva Massacre: Swiss military forces opened fire on a socialist anti-fascist demonstration in Geneva, resulting in 13 fatalities and 60 injuries. This violent suppression of political protest underscores the volatile political climate and governmental response to social unrest during this period.
10 Nov Nazi Student Riots at Breslau University Against Jewish Professor: On November 10, 1932, a significant antisemitic incident occurred at Breslau University (now Wrocław University in Poland), where Nazi student groups violently demonstrated against the appointment of a Jewish law professor. These riots were part of the escalating antisemitic tensions in German academic institutions during the rise of Nazi ideology, reflecting the growing discrimination and hostility towards Jewish academics in pre-World War II Germany.
11 Nov Latvia-Soviet Trade Negotiations Collapse: On November 11, 1932, diplomatic tensions escalated as Latvia and the Soviet Union terminated five weeks of unsuccessful trade negotiations. The breakdown in talks highlighted the complex geopolitical and economic relations between the newly independent Baltic state and the Soviet regime during the interwar period.
12 Nov Lancashire Mine Explosion Tragedy: A devastating mining disaster occurred at the Edge Green colliery in Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, England. The explosion resulted in the tragic loss of 24-25 miners' lives, highlighting the dangerous working conditions in coal mines during the early 20th century.
13 Nov Sullivan Brothers Tragically Lost in World War II: The five Sullivan Brothers from Waterloo, Iowa, were killed when the USS Juneau was sunk by a Japanese torpedo near Guadalcanal during World War II. Their collective loss was so profound that it prompted the U.S. Navy to change regulations, prohibiting close relatives from serving on the same ship to prevent similar family tragedies.
14 Nov Boulder Dam Construction Milestone: A significant engineering achievement occurred during the construction of the Hoover Dam (originally called Boulder Dam), as diversion tunnels on the Arizona side of the Colorado River were successfully filled with water. This marked a critical phase in the massive infrastructure project that would help control flooding, provide hydroelectric power, and support water management in the southwestern United States.
15 Nov Soviet Labor Law Restricts Worker Rights: The Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union enacted a stringent labor law that imposed severe penalties on workers who missed work without a compelling reason. Under this law, employees could face immediate dismissal, loss of housing, and forfeiture of government service benefits for a single unexcused absence, reflecting the strict labor policies of the Stalinist era.
16 Nov Franz von Papen Resigns as German Chancellor: Franz von Papen resigned from his position as Chancellor of Germany, marking another period of political instability in the Weimar Republic. His resignation came during a tumultuous time in German politics, just before the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.
17 Nov German Government Leadership Change: The government led by Chancellor Franz von Papen resigned, marking a significant political transition in Germany during the tumultuous early years of the Weimar Republic.
18 Nov 5th Academy Awards Ceremony: The 5th Academy Awards were held at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, marking a significant milestone in early Hollywood history. During this prestigious event, the film 'Grand Hotel' was awarded Best Picture, and a historic moment occurred when Fredric March and Wallace Beery became the first actors to tie for Best Actor.
19 Nov Industrial Magnates Push for Hitler's Chancellorship: Prominent industrialists Alfred Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (Shaft) and Fritz Thyssen actively lobbied for Adolf Hitler to be appointed as the German Chancellor, signaling growing support from powerful economic elites for the Nazi Party's political ambitions.
20 Nov Assassination Attempt on French Prime Minister Édouard Herriot: A serious political incident occurred when a bomb was strategically placed on a railway track, intended to target French Prime Minister Édouard Herriot. The bomb was set to detonate an hour before the Prime Minister's train was scheduled to pass, suggesting a premeditated assassination attempt during a politically turbulent period in 1930s France.
21 Nov Hitler Declines Initial Chancellorship Offer: In a pivotal moment of German political history, Adolf Hitler was offered the chancellorship by President Paul von Hindenburg. However, Hitler strategically refused to accept the offer due to Hindenburg's conditions, which included running a coalition cabinet and respecting previous governmental decrees. This rejection would set the stage for future political maneuvering that would ultimately lead to his rise to power.
22 Nov Transition Meeting Between Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt: In a pivotal pre-inauguration meeting, outgoing President Herbert Hoover and president-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt engaged in a two-hour discussion in Washington, symbolizing the peaceful transfer of power during the challenging Great Depression era.
23 Nov Leon Trotsky's Controversial Arrival in Denmark: Leon Trotsky, a prominent Russian revolutionary and former leader of the Red Army, arrived in Denmark to deliver a lecture in Copenhagen about the Russian Revolution. His visit was marked by significant tension, with local police providing extensive security at the Esbjerg dock. Approximately 300 communist protesters gathered to denounce Trotsky, labeling him a traitor to the communist cause, reflecting the deep political divisions within the international communist movement during this period.
24 Nov FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory Established: On November 24, 1932, the FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (FBI Crime Lab) was officially opened in Washington, D.C. This groundbreaking forensic facility would become a pivotal institution in modern criminal investigation, providing scientific analysis and evidence processing for law enforcement agencies across the United States.
25 Nov Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were documented for November 25, 1932, this period was part of the challenging era of the Great Depression. During this time, many countries were experiencing significant economic hardship, with high unemployment rates and widespread poverty following the stock market crash of 1929.
26 Nov Uneventful Day in 1932: While no specific major historical events were recorded for November 26, 1932, this period was during the Great Depression, a significant economic downturn affecting many parts of the world. The United States was experiencing severe economic challenges under President Herbert Hoover's administration, with high unemployment and widespread economic hardship. Global political tensions were also rising, with the rise of fascism in Europe and economic instability in many countries.
27 Nov Poland-USSR Non-Aggression Treaty: Poland and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty, marking a significant diplomatic effort to maintain peaceful relations between the two countries during a tense period in European geopolitics.
28 Nov France-USSR Non-Aggression Pact Signed: On November 28, 1932, France and the Soviet Union signed a bilateral non-aggression treaty, marking a significant diplomatic moment in European international relations during the interwar period. This agreement represented an attempt to reduce tensions and prevent potential military conflicts between the two nations.
29 Nov France-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: France and the Soviet Union signed a Pact of Non-Aggression, marking a significant diplomatic agreement during the interwar period aimed at maintaining peace and reducing potential military tensions between the two nations.
30 Nov Soviet Emigration Policy: On November 30, 1932, the Soviet Union announced a controversial emigration policy that would allow citizens to leave the country, but only upon payment of a substantial fee in foreign currency. This policy highlighted the Soviet regime's complex approach to population movement, effectively creating a financial barrier to emigration and attempting to generate foreign currency revenue.
01 Dec Germany Rejoins World Disarmament Conference: In a significant diplomatic development, Germany returned to the World Disarmament Conference after other participating powers agreed to accept the principle of 'gleichberechtigung' (equality of status). This marked a crucial moment in international relations during the interwar period, reflecting Germany's desire to be treated as an equal sovereign state following the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
02 Dec Death of Amadeo Vives: Amadeo Vives, a prominent Spanish composer born in 1871, passed away on December 2, 1932. Vives was known for his significant contributions to Catalan musical composition, particularly in the zarzuela genre.
03 Dec Kurt von Schleicher Becomes German Chancellor: General Kurt von Schleicher became Chancellor of Germany, forming a new government that largely retained ministers from Franz von Papen's previous cabinet. This political transition occurred during a tumultuous period in Weimar Germany, marked by political instability and rising tensions.
04 Dec Political Maneuvering in Weimar Germany: Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher attempted a complex political strategy by meeting with Gregor Strasser, a prominent Nazi Party member, and offering him the positions of Vice-Chancellor and Reich Commissioner for Prussia. Schleicher's calculated move was designed to create a potential split within the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and potentially undermine Adolf Hitler's growing political influence. By attempting to drive a wedge between Strasser and Hitler, Schleicher hoped to weaken the Nazi movement and stabilize his own precarious governmental position.
05 Dec Birth of Little Richard: Little Richard, a pioneering and influential musician who would become a key figure in rock and roll, was born in Macon, Georgia. He would later revolutionize popular music with his energetic performance style and groundbreaking music.
06 Dec Turbulent Reichstag Session in Pre-Nazi Germany: On December 6, 1932, the Reichstag convened for its first session following the November elections, revealing the growing political tensions in Germany. The Communist Party attempted to introduce a motion of no confidence, but the Nazi Party, holding a plurality of seats, strategically maneuvered to postpone the motion. This event highlighted the increasing political polarization and parliamentary instability that would ultimately contribute to the Nazi Party's rise to power.
07 Dec Albert Einstein Granted American Visa: German-born Swiss physicist Albert Einstein was granted an American visa, marking a significant moment in his journey of academic freedom and escape from rising Nazi persecution. This visa would eventually lead to his permanent relocation to the United States, where he would continue his groundbreaking scientific work and become a prominent advocate for peace.
08 Dec Gregor Strasser Resigns from Nazi Party Leadership: On December 8, 1932, Gregor Strasser, a prominent Nazi Party leader, resigned from all his party offices due to significant ideological disagreements with Adolf Hitler. This internal conflict highlighted the growing tensions within the Nazi Party's leadership and foreshadowed the power struggles that would later characterize the Nazi regime.
09 Dec Gregor Strasser Breaks with Nazi Party: Prominent Nazi Party leader Gregor Strasser resigned from all party offices, signaling a significant internal conflict with Adolf Hitler and revealing deep ideological fractures within the Nazi movement.
10 Dec Thailand Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy: King Rama VII (Prajadhipok) fundamentally transformed Thailand's governance by granting the country its first constitution, marking a pivotal moment in Thai political history. This landmark event transitioned Thailand from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, significantly reshaping the nation's political landscape.
11 Dec World War II: Germany and Italy Declare War on the United States: During World War II, Germany and Italy officially declared war on the United States. In response, the United States immediately reciprocated by declaring war on both countries, escalating the global conflict.
12 Dec International War Debt Default: Five European countries (France, Poland, Belgium, Estonia, and Hungary) defaulted on their war debt payments to the United States. This default was a direct response to the U.S. Congress rejecting a debt reduction plan previously agreed upon at the Lausanne Conference, highlighting the economic tensions of the interwar period.
13 Dec Anti-Yugoslav Demonstration in Fascist Italy: A massive anti-Yugoslav demonstration erupted in Rome, reflecting the rising tensions between Fascist Italy and Yugoslavia. Benito Mussolini personally addressed the crowd from the balcony of Palazzo Venezia, dramatically condemning the 'Trogir incident' and signaling potential diplomatic escalation. His inflammatory rhetoric emphasized Italy's nationalist sentiments and suggested potential future confrontational actions.
14 Dec French Government Falls Over War Debt Dispute: The French Chamber of Deputies rejected Prime Minister Édouard Herriot's proposed payment plan for war debts to the United States. Following the rejection, the government was voted out of office, and the deputies decided to defer payment until an international debt conference could be held. This event highlights the economic tensions and diplomatic challenges in the aftermath of World War I.
15 Dec International War Debt Default Crisis of 1932: In a significant economic and diplomatic event, five European nations - France, Poland, Belgium, Estonia, and Hungary - collectively defaulted on their World War I war debt payments to the United States. This default was a direct response to the U.S. Congress's rejection of a debt reduction plan that had been previously negotiated at the Lausanne Conference. The default highlighted the ongoing economic tensions and financial strain in the aftermath of World War I, reflecting the complex international financial relationships and the economic pressures facing European nations during the Great Depression era.
16 Dec Uruguay Grants Women's Suffrage: Uruguay made a significant stride in democratic rights by granting women the right to vote and stand for election, marking an important milestone in the country's progression towards gender equality and political representation.
17 Dec Italian Musicians' Manifesto Against Musical Modernism: A group of Italian musicians published a manifesto defending 19th-century Romantic musical traditions, critically challenging contemporary modernist composers like Gian Francesco Malipiero and Alfredo Casella. The document represented a conservative artistic stance against emerging avant-garde musical movements.
18 Dec First NFL Championship Game: The Chicago Bears defeated the Portsmouth Spartans 9-0 in the first-ever NFL Championship Game. Due to a severe blizzard, the game was uniquely relocated from Wrigley Field to the Chicago Stadium, with the indoor field measuring only 80 yards long, significantly shorter than a standard football field.
19 Dec BBC Begins International Broadcasting: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) initiated its first overseas transmission, marking a significant milestone in global media communication. This groundbreaking event expanded the reach of British broadcasting beyond national borders, establishing a platform for international news, cultural exchange, and information dissemination.
20 Dec Significant Nevada Earthquake: A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck the remote Cedar Mountains region of Nevada. Despite occurring in an uninhabited area, the seismic event was significant enough to be felt across considerable distances, including major cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles.
21 Dec Collier Beer Bill Passes House of Representatives: In a significant legislative moment during the final years of Prohibition, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 230-165 to pass the 'Collier beer bill', which would legalize beer with 3.2% alcohol content. This vote represented a crucial step towards the eventual repeal of Prohibition in 1933.
22 Dec Founding of Kokumin Dōmei: Japanese Fascist Political Party: On December 22, 1932, the Kokumin Dōmei (National Mobilization League), a Japanese fascist political party, was established during a period of rising nationalist and militarist sentiment in pre-World War II Japan. This organization represented the growing ultranationalist movement that would significantly influence Japan's political landscape in the 1930s.
23 Dec First Telephone Service Between Hawaii and Mainland United States: On December 23, 1932, a significant milestone in telecommunications was achieved when regular telephone service was established between the Hawaiian Islands and the continental United States. This breakthrough connected Hawaii, then a U.S. territory, with the mainland, dramatically reducing communication barriers and bringing the distant Pacific territory closer to the rest of the nation.
24 Dec German Leaders' Christmas Appeal for Unemployed Youth: President Paul von Hindenburg and Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher issued a special Christmas appeal aimed at addressing the plight of 500,000 unemployed youths in Germany, highlighting the severe economic challenges of the Weimar Republic during the Great Depression.
25 Dec Devastating Gansu Earthquake in China: A catastrophic magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck the Gansu Province in China, causing widespread destruction and significant loss of life. The seismic event resulted in approximately 70,000 fatalities, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes of the early 20th century.
26 Dec Devastating Kansu Earthquake in China: On December 26, 1932, a catastrophic earthquake struck the Gansu (Kansu) province in northwestern China, resulting in a massive loss of life with approximately 70,000 people killed. The earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in China during the early 20th century, causing widespread destruction across rural communities and highlighting the region's significant geological vulnerability.
27 Dec Radio City Music Hall Opens in New York City: Radio City Music Hall, known as the "Showplace of the Nation", officially opened in New York City. This iconic entertainment venue, located in the heart of Rockefeller Center, represents a landmark moment in American cultural and architectural history. Designed in the Art Deco style, the venue would become one of the most celebrated performance spaces in the world, hosting countless legendary performances and events.
28 Dec Soviet Union Introduces Internal Passport System: The Soviet Union announced a significant policy change mandating that all inhabitants over 16 years of age must carry passports and register with local police authorities whenever they move between localities. This new system represented a major shift in population control and movement tracking within the Soviet state.
29 Dec RKO Roxy Theatre Opens in Rockefeller Center: On December 29, 1932, the iconic RKO Roxy Theatre made its grand debut in New York City's prestigious Rockefeller Center. This state-of-the-art cinema venue represented the golden age of entertainment during the Great Depression, offering audiences a luxurious and immersive movie-going experience in the heart of Manhattan.
30 Dec DUPE: Romanian Communist Party Suppression: Romanian authorities conducted a massive crackdown, arresting 800 members of the Communist Party on charges of subversive activities, reflecting the political tensions of the early 1930s.
31 Dec New Year's Eve 1932: As the world prepared to transition from 1932 to 1933, this New Year's Eve occurred during the depths of the Great Depression. Global economic hardship was widespread, with high unemployment and economic uncertainty prevalent in many countries. In the United States, President Herbert Hoover was in his final days in office, and the nation was anticipating Franklin D. Roosevelt's upcoming presidency and the promise of the New Deal.

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