Major Events of 1910: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll explore the most significant occurrences from 1910, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

Major Events of 1910 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan Discriminatory Railroad Hiring Quota: American railroad companies in the Southern United States, in collaboration with the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, implemented a discriminatory hiring quota limiting African American employment to the percentage present on January 1st, 1910.
02 Jan First Junior High Schools Established in Berkeley, California: Berkeley, California pioneered the establishment of junior high schools in the United States, marking a significant transformation in the American educational system. These new schools represented an innovative approach to organizing secondary education, creating a distinct intermediate level between elementary and high school. This educational model would soon be adopted nationwide, fundamentally changing how adolescents were educated.
03 Jan First Junior High School Classes in the United States: Berkeley, California pioneered a groundbreaking educational model by introducing the first junior high school classes in the United States. Students in seventh, eighth, and ninth grades at McKinley High School and Washington High School began attending these innovative intermediate classes, marking a significant transformation in the American educational system's structure.
04 Jan Death of Léon Delagrange in Aviation Accident: French aviation pioneer Léon Delagrange, who had recently set a flying speed record, was tragically killed during an airshow in Bordeaux. While performing a turn in his Blériot monoplane, the aircraft's wings catastrophically failed, causing him to plummet 65 feet (20 meters) to his death. This incident highlighted the extreme risks faced by early aviation pioneers in the nascent days of powered flight.
05 Jan Montreal Canadiens' First Hockey Game: The Montreal Canadiens played their inaugural ice hockey game, defeating the Cobalt Silver Kings 7-6. Edouard 'Newsy' Lalonde made history by scoring the first goal for the team, marking the beginning of one of the most storied franchises in NHL history.
06 Jan Great White Fleet Passes Through Suez Canal: The United States Navy's Great White Fleet completed a historic passage through the Suez Canal, marking a significant moment in naval diplomacy and global maritime power projection. This event represented the largest naval fleet to transit the canal at that time, demonstrating the United States' emerging status as a global naval power.
07 Jan Pinchot–Ballinger Controversy Begins: A significant political dispute erupted when President William Howard Taft ordered the dismissal of Forestry Director Gifford Pinchot, an event that would ultimately fracture the Republican Party and indirectly contribute to Woodrow Wilson's presidential election.
08 Jan Bhutan Becomes British Protectorate: On January 8, 1910, the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan officially became a protectorate of the British Empire through the signing of the Treaty of Punakha. This diplomatic agreement significantly altered Bhutan's international status, placing it under British imperial influence while maintaining a degree of internal autonomy. The treaty established a framework for British guidance in Bhutan's foreign affairs, marking an important moment in the geopolitical landscape of the early 20th-century British colonial expansion in the Himalayan region.
09 Jan Birth of Michel Aflaq, Ba'athism Founder: On January 9, 1910, Michel Aflaq was born in Damascus, Syria. A pivotal political theorist, Aflaq would go on to become the primary intellectual architect of Ba'athism, a revolutionary pan-Arab socialist ideology that significantly influenced Middle Eastern political thought in the 20th century.
10 Jan First International Air Meet in the United States: The inaugural international aviation exhibition was held in Los Angeles, marking a significant milestone in early 20th-century aerospace development. This event showcased cutting-edge aircraft technology and attracted aviation pioneers from around the world, helping to popularize the emerging field of powered flight.
12 Jan Ottoman Empire Leadership Change: İbrahim Hakkı Pasha was appointed as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, succeeding Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha. This political transition represented a significant moment in the late Ottoman administrative leadership.
13 Jan First Public Radio Broadcast in History: On January 13, 1910, a groundbreaking moment in communication technology occurred when the first public radio broadcast was transmitted from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. The live performance of the opera 'Cavalleria rusticana' was sent out over the airwaves, featuring renowned opera singer Enrico Caruso, marking a revolutionary milestone in mass media and telecommunications.
14 Jan Spanish Military Coup Suppression by King Alfonso XIII: On January 14, 1910, King Alfonso XIII of Spain decisively moved to prevent a potential military coup by ordering the arrest of 80 high-ranking military officers suspected of seditious plotting. In a bold and strategic action, he removed the Captains General from key strategic regions including Madrid, Valencia, Valladolid, and Coruña. Police forces surrounded the Military Club in Madrid, systematically taking the conspiring officers into custody and effectively neutralizing the threat to the monarchy.
15 Jan Buffalo Bill Dam Completion: Construction of the Buffalo Bill Dam in Wyoming, United States, was completed on January 15, 1910. At the time of its completion, the dam stood as the highest dam in the world, measuring an impressive 99 meters (325 feet) in height. Located on the Shoshone River in the northwestern part of Wyoming, the dam was a significant engineering achievement of the early 20th century, representing the growing technological capabilities of the United States during the Progressive Era.
16 Jan Uneventful Day in Early 20th Century: While no specific significant historical events were recorded for January 16, 1910, this date falls within the early years of the 20th century, a period of significant global transformation marked by technological innovation, colonial expansions, and emerging geopolitical tensions.
17 Jan Arizona and New Mexico Statehood Bill Approved: On January 17, 1910, the U.S. House of Representatives unanimously passed a pivotal bill granting statehood to the territories of Arizona and New Mexico. This legislative action was a significant milestone in the westward expansion of the United States, representing the continued growth and territorial consolidation of the nation in the early 20th century. The bill marked the final congressional step before these territories would officially become the 48th and 49th states of the Union.
18 Jan Devastating Fire Destroys Ottoman Imperial Palace in Constantinople: On January 18, 1910, a catastrophic fire swept through Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), causing significant damage to the historic Palace of Charagan, the official residence of the Ottoman Sultan. The blaze also consumed the nearby parliament buildings, representing a major architectural and administrative loss for the Ottoman Empire during its twilight years. The fire not only destroyed important government infrastructure but also symbolized the declining power and instability of the Ottoman state in the early 20th century.
19 Jan First US Military Aerial Bombardment Experiment: The United States Army conducted its pioneering experiment in aerial bombardment, with Louis Paulhan piloting an aircraft and Lieutenant Paul Beck demonstrating bombing techniques. Using dummy bombs made of sand, they dropped projectiles from an altitude of 350 feet, marking a significant moment in military aviation and warfare technology.
20 Jan Jack Johnson Arrest and Boxing Anticipation: Heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson was arrested for assault in New York but was subsequently released. This incident occurred in the same year he would participate in the historic 'Fight of the Century' against former champion James J. Jeffries, a bout that would become a significant racial and sporting event of the era.
21 Jan British-Russian Military Intervention in Persia: In a significant geopolitical event, British and Russian forces jointly intervened in Persia (modern-day Iran), demonstrating the complex imperial dynamics of early 20th-century international relations. This intervention highlighted the strategic importance of Persia in the Great Game between European powers, particularly Britain and Russia, who were competing for influence in Central Asia.
22 Jan Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower Completion: The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower was completed in New York City, becoming the world's tallest building at the time, standing at an impressive 700 feet (210 meters). This architectural achievement symbolized the rapid urban development and economic growth of early 20th-century America, showcasing the technological and engineering prowess of the era.
23 Jan Birth of Django Reinhardt: Django Reinhardt, a pioneering jazz guitarist and composer, was born in Liberchies, Belgium. Despite suffering severe burns in a fire as a young man that permanently damaged his left hand, he developed an innovative playing technique that would revolutionize jazz guitar. His unique style blending Romani musical traditions with jazz would profoundly influence generations of musicians worldwide.
25 Jan Nicaraguan Rebel Victory at La Libertad: In a significant political and military confrontation, rebel troops defeated the Nicaraguan army at La Libertad. This battle ultimately led to President José Madriz surrendering to the rebel forces, marking a pivotal moment in Nicaragua's political history.
26 Jan Paris Flood of 1910: In January 1910, Paris experienced a catastrophic flooding event caused by prolonged and heavy rainfall. The Seine River rose dramatically, submerging large parts of the city, causing significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and disrupting daily life. This flood was one of the most severe in Paris's modern history, with water levels reaching unprecedented heights and forcing thousands of residents to evacuate. The event exposed the city's vulnerability to natural disasters and led to important urban planning and flood prevention strategies in subsequent years.
28 Jan Japanese Cherry Blossom Trees Gift to Washington, D.C.: In a significant diplomatic and cultural exchange, Japan gifted 2,000 cherry blossom trees to Washington, D.C. This gesture symbolized friendship between the United States and Japan, and these trees would later become a beloved landmark and annual attraction in the nation's capital.
29 Jan Death of Edouard Rod: Edouard Rod, a prominent French-Swiss writer, passed away at the age of 52. Rod was known for his literary work 'Mishel' Tes'e' and was an influential figure in late 19th and early 20th-century European literature.
30 Jan Frans Dohmen: Dutch Catholic Labor Organizer: Frans Dohmen was a prominent union leader who played a significant role in the Dutch Catholic Mineworker's Union during the early 20th century. At a time of significant industrial transformation and labor rights movements, Dohmen worked to represent and advocate for the rights and working conditions of miners in the Netherlands, particularly those in the Catholic labor movement.
31 Jan Hawley Harvey Crippen Murder Case: American medical practitioner Hawley Harvey Crippen allegedly murdered his wife, Cora, by poisoning her and subsequently burying her body in the cellar of their London home. This crime would become one of the most infamous murder cases of the early 20th century, later leading to a high-profile international manhunt.
01 Feb UK House of Commons Election Results: The United Kingdom completed elections for the House of Commons, with the Liberal Party securing 274 seats and the Unionists obtaining 272. Prime Minister Asquith maintained power by forming a coalition with Irish nationalists.
02 Feb Billy Gohl: Serial Killer Arrested in Washington: Billy Gohl, infamously known as the 'Ghoul of Gray's Harbour', was apprehended in Aberdeen, Washington, for the murder of his former associate Charley Hatberg. Investigations revealed Gohl was suspected of an astonishing series of murders, with 124 confirmed bodies and potentially more unaccounted victims. His arrest marked a significant breakthrough in stopping a prolific serial killer who had terrorized the local maritime community.
03 Feb First Pyloromyotomy Surgery: On February 3, 1910, a groundbreaking medical procedure was performed in Edinburgh by Sir Harold Stiles: the first pyloromyotomy. This surgical intervention was designed to correct pyloric stenosis, a congenital condition in infants where the pathway between the stomach and intestines is abnormally narrow, potentially preventing proper digestion and nutrient absorption.
04 Feb Steamship Kentucky Maritime Incident: The steamship Kentucky began sinking off the treacherous coast of Cape Hatteras early in the morning, marking a significant maritime event that likely resulted in rescue operations and potential loss of life.
05 Feb Coal Mine Explosion in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania: A devastating coal mine explosion occurred at the Jefferson Clearfield Coal Company, resulting in significant loss of life and highlighting the dangerous working conditions in early 20th-century mining operations. The incident underscored the critical need for improved safety regulations and protective measures in the coal mining industry.
06 Feb USS Nina Disappearance: The U.S. Navy tugboat USS Nina departed Norfolk, Virginia, for Boston but mysteriously vanished during a severe gale off the Chesapeake Capes. The vessel and its entire crew of 31 sailors were lost at sea, with the ship officially declared missing on March 15, 1910. This tragic maritime incident highlighted the dangerous conditions faced by naval personnel in the early 20th century.
07 Feb France Expands Naval Capabilities: The French cabinet approved a substantial naval expansion bill, intensifying the ongoing naval arms race among European powers. This strategic decision reflected the growing geopolitical tensions and military competition of the early 20th century, as nations sought to demonstrate naval supremacy.
08 Feb Boy Scouts of America Incorporation: William D. Boyce officially incorporates the Boy Scouts of America in Chicago, establishing a national youth organization dedicated to developing leadership, character, and outdoor skills for young boys, inspired by the British Scouting movement.
09 Feb Birth of Jacques Monod, Nobel Laureate Biochemist: Jacques Monod was born, a distinguished French biochemist who would later make groundbreaking contributions to molecular biology. He would go on to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on genetic regulation in bacteria, fundamentally advancing our understanding of how genes are controlled and expressed.
10 Feb Georges Pire - Nobel Peace Prize Recipient: Georges Pire was a Belgian monk and humanitarian who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his remarkable work in supporting refugees and promoting international understanding. He dedicated his life to helping displaced people in Europe after World War II, establishing numerous refugee assistance programs and advocating for human rights.
11 Feb Jean-Baptiste Charcot's Antarctic Expedition Return: French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charcot and the crew of his ship Pourquoi Pas returned from their Antarctic expedition, arriving at Punta Arenas, Chile. Although they did not reach the South Pole, Charcot was celebrated for pushing further south than any previous expedition, marking a significant milestone in polar exploration.
12 Feb Chinese Invasion of Tibet: In a significant geopolitical event, a Chinese military expedition of approximately 2,000 troops invaded Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The invasion forced the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, to seek refuge in British India, marking a critical moment in Tibetan-Chinese relations and highlighting the complex power dynamics of early 20th-century Asia.
13 Feb Berlin Workers' Protest Against Prussian Electoral System: On February 13, 1910, thousands of workers marched in Berlin to protest the Prussian three-class franchise, an electoral system that disproportionately favored wealthy voters. Under this system, the top one-fifth of voters controlled two-thirds of parliamentary seats, creating significant social inequality. During the protest, city police and Prussian army forces violently suppressed the demonstration, using bayonets and resulting in 40 wounded protesters. This event was a critical moment in the broader struggle for democratic representation in Germany, ultimately contributing to the systemic changes that would occur with the fall of the German Empire in 1918.
14 Feb Winston Churchill Becomes Home Secretary: In a significant political transition following the January 1910 United Kingdom general election, Winston Churchill, at the age of 35, was appointed Home Secretary in Prime Minister H. H. Asquith's cabinet. Churchill replaced Herbert Gladstone in this pivotal role, marking an important moment in his early political career. As Home Secretary, Churchill would be responsible for internal affairs, law enforcement, and immigration policy during a transformative period in British political history.
15 Feb International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union Strike Concludes: The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) strike against New York's shirtwaist factories concluded after a prolonged labor dispute lasting nearly three months. This significant labor action highlighted the challenging working conditions and workers' rights in the early 20th-century garment industry, marking an important moment in the American labor movement.
17 Feb Birth of Ai Qing, Renowned Chinese Poet: Ai Qing was born on this date, who would later become one of the most influential modern Chinese poets of the 20th century. Known for his profound literary contributions and social commentary, Ai Qing played a significant role in shaping contemporary Chinese poetry and was also the father of famous artist and activist Ai Weiwei.
18 Feb First Airplane Flight in Texas: On February 18, 1910, French aviator Louis Paulhan made aviation history by performing the first airplane flight in Texas. The groundbreaking event took place on prairie land south of Houston, where Paulhan demonstrated his Farman biplane. The Houston Post newspaper sponsored the demonstration, paying Paulhan a substantial sum of $20,000 to showcase the emerging technology of powered flight. This event marked a significant milestone in Texas aviation history, highlighting the growing public fascination with early aeronautical achievements.
19 Feb Richard Strauss' 'Elektra' Premieres in England: On February 19, 1910, the groundbreaking one-act opera 'Elektra' by renowned German composer Richard Strauss was first performed in England. Based on the Greek mythological play by Sophocles, the opera is a powerful and intense musical interpretation of the tragic story of Elektra, who seeks revenge for her father Agamemnon's murder. The premiere marked a significant moment in early 20th-century classical music, showcasing Strauss' innovative and dramatically charged compositional style.
20 Feb Assassination of Boutros Ghali: Boutros Ghali, the first native-born prime minister of Egypt, was assassinated in a significant political event that marked a tumultuous period in Egyptian history. His murder highlighted the intense political tensions and nationalist sentiments prevalent during the early 20th century in Egypt, which was then under British colonial influence.
21 Feb Establishment of Mexican Red Cross: The Cruz Roja de Mexicana was established by presidential decree, becoming Mexico's national branch of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Beyond disaster assistance, the organization serves as the country's primary ambulance service. Notably, Mexican law grants Cruz Roja emergency workers exclusive legal authorization to provide first aid for accident and crime victims.
22 Feb Ad Wolgast Wins World Lightweight Boxing Championship: On February 22, 1910, Ad Wolgast secured the world lightweight boxing championship in a grueling 'distance fight' against the defending champion, Battling Nelson. This historic bout was a significant moment in early 20th-century boxing, showcasing Wolgast's skill and determination in the ring.
23 Feb Great Northern Railroad Train 25 Disaster: A tragic train derailment near Ritzville, Washington, involving Great Northern Railroad's Train Number 25 resulted in 21 fatalities and numerous injuries. The train, carrying 55 passengers from Spokane to Seattle, met with a catastrophic accident that highlighted the transportation safety challenges of the era.
24 Feb Founding of Malmö FF Soccer Club: On February 24, 1910, Malmö FF was established in the southern Swedish city of Malmö. This soccer club would go on to become one of the most successful football teams in Swedish history, ultimately winning a record 20 Allsvenskan league titles. The club's founding marked a significant moment in Swedish sports history, representing the growing popularity of organized football in the early 20th century.
25 Feb Dalai Lama's Escape from Tibet: The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, fled Tibet to escape Chinese military aggression, seeking refuge in British-controlled India. This event marked a critical moment in Tibetan history, highlighting the growing tensions between Tibet and China during the early 20th century.
26 Feb Founding of Boy Scouts of America: On February 26, 1910, William Boyce officially established the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in Washington, D.C. Inspired by the British Boy Scouts movement, Boyce sought to create a youth organization that would promote character development, citizenship training, and personal fitness for young men. The organization was founded with the vision of helping boys develop leadership skills, outdoor competence, and strong moral values through structured activities, community service, and wilderness training.
27 Feb Birth of Kelly Johnson, Legendary Aircraft Engineer: Kelly Johnson was born on February 27, 1910, and would become one of the most influential aircraft engineers of the 20th century. As a key figure at Lockheed Martin's advanced development programs (Skunk Works), he was responsible for designing groundbreaking aircraft like the U-2 spy plane and the SR-71 Blackbird. His innovative engineering approaches revolutionized aerospace design and significantly contributed to American aviation technology during the Cold War era.
28 Feb Wellington Avalanche: Deadliest Disaster in U.S. Railroad History: On February 28, 1910, one of the most tragic natural disasters in United States railroad history occurred in Wellington, Washington. An enormous avalanche struck the Great Northern Railway depot, killing 96 people in a devastating event that would become the deadliest avalanche in U.S. history. The massive snow slide swept two trains—the Great Northern Railway's Spokane Express and the Fast Mail train—off the tracks and down a steep mountainside, resulting in massive loss of life and highlighting the extreme dangers of mountain rail transportation in early 20th century winter conditions.
01 Mar Wellington Avalanche of 1910: The deadliest avalanche in United States history occurred near Stevens Pass in northeastern King County, Washington, when a massive snow slide struck two stranded Great Northern Railway trains. The catastrophic event killed 96 people, primarily railroad passengers who had been trapped by severe winter conditions since February 24th. Shortly after 1:00 a.m. on March 1st, a violent thunderstorm triggered an enormous avalanche that swept the trains down a 150-foot-deep canyon, marking a tragic moment in American transportation history.
02 Mar First U.S. Military Airplane Pilot: On March 2, 1910, U.S. Army Lieutenant Benjamin Foulois made history by becoming the first American military airplane pilot. He successfully completed a solo flight in a Wright Brothers' aircraft, marking a significant milestone in military aviation and technological advancement. This event symbolized the United States' emerging capabilities in aerial technology and military innovation during the early days of powered flight.
03 Mar Rockefeller Foundation's Philanthropic Pivot: John D. Rockefeller Jr. announced his retirement from active business management to dedicate himself fully to philanthropic endeavors, marking a significant transition in his career and signaling a new era of strategic charitable giving.
04 Mar Deadly Rogers Pass Avalanche Claims 58 Railway Workers: On March 4, 1910, a catastrophic avalanche struck Rogers Pass in British Columbia's Selkirk Mountains, devastating a team of Canadian Pacific Railway workers who were clearing snow-covered tracks. The massive snowslide was the most deadly in Canadian history, instantly killing 58 men and highlighting the extreme dangers faced by railway construction workers in the rugged mountain terrain. This tragic event underscored the immense human cost of building transportation infrastructure in challenging alpine environments during the early 20th century.
05 Mar First Russian Opera at Metropolitan Opera: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "The Queen of Spades" made history as the first Russian opera performed at New York's Metropolitan Opera. Notably, the opera was conducted by Gustav Mahler and sung in German, marking a significant cultural exchange in early 20th-century classical music.
06 Mar First Woman Awarded Airplane Pilot's License: On March 6, 1910, Madame Raymonde de Laroche made history by becoming the first woman to be officially authorized to fly an airplane. She was awarded pilot's license #36 by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, breaking significant gender barriers in the emerging field of aviation and paving the way for future women pilots.
07 Mar Founding of Hollandia (Jayapura): On March 7, 1910, the Dutch colonial administration established the city of Hollandia in the Dutch East Indies, which would later become known as Jayapura, the capital of Papua province in Indonesia. The city was strategically located on the northern coast of New Guinea and served as an important administrative and trading center during the Dutch colonial period.
08 Mar First Female Pilot Licensed: Baroness Raymonde de Laroche of Paris, France, made aviation history by becoming the first woman to receive an official pilot's license. Her groundbreaking achievement challenged gender barriers in the emerging field of aviation and paved the way for future generations of female pilots.
09 Mar Ekaterina Breshkovskaya Political Conviction: Ekaterina Breshkovskaya, a prominent revolutionary figure known as the 'Grandmother of the Russian Revolution,' was convicted at age 66 for political agitation. Her arrest underscored the Russian Empire's harsh suppression of revolutionary and political dissent during the pre-revolutionary period.
10 Mar China Abolishes Slavery: The Chinese government officially abolishes slavery, representing a significant social and humanitarian reform in Chinese history and marking a pivotal moment in the country's progression towards human rights.
11 Mar Birth of Infamous Outlaw Clyde Barrow: Clyde Barrow was born in Ellis County, Texas, who would later become one of America's most notorious criminal figures. Together with his partner Bonnie Parker, he would become a legendary Depression-era criminal duo known for a string of robberies and violent confrontations with law enforcement across the central United States.
12 Mar Florence Lawrence: First Named Movie Star: Movie history was made when Florence Lawrence became recognized as the first named movie star by film industry pioneer Carl Laemmle of Independent Moving Pictures (I.M.P.). This groundbreaking moment marked a significant shift in how film actors were perceived and marketed, transforming Lawrence into a recognizable public figure and paving the way for the modern concept of celebrity.
13 Mar Arrest of Veer Savarkar in London: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, a prominent Indian revolutionary and nationalist leader, was arrested by London police upon his return to the United Kingdom. This arrest was significant in the context of the Indian independence movement, as Savarkar was a key figure in challenging British colonial rule and advocating for Hindu nationalist ideology. His detention would become a pivotal moment in his political activism and the broader struggle against British imperialism.
14 Mar Lakeview Gusher: Historic Oil Well Disaster: On March 14, 1910, the Lakeview Gusher near Bakersfield, California, became one of the most significant oil well incidents in U.S. history. This massive uncontrolled oil well eruption released approximately 9 million barrels of crude oil over an extraordinary 18-month period, marking the largest accidental oil spill in history. The gusher vented directly into the atmosphere, creating an environmental catastrophe that would become a landmark event in the early petroleum industry.
15 Mar President Taft's Conservation Proposal for Bering Sea: President William Howard Taft proposed congressional intervention to protect seal populations in the Bering Sea islands, demonstrating early 20th-century environmental conservation efforts and diplomatic wildlife management strategies.
16 Mar Congressional Power Redistribution: U.S. Representative George W. Norris successfully introduced a resolution that dramatically reduced the Speaker of the House's power, creating a bipartisan Rules Committee and ending what he called 'the long dynasty of the all-powerful Speaker'.
17 Mar Founding of Camp Fire Girls Organization: Luther Gulick and his wife Charlotte established the Camp Fire Girls, a pioneering youth organization focused on character development, outdoor skills, and personal growth for young women. The organization was formally announced in 1912 and would later evolve into Camp Fire USA, becoming one of the first gender-inclusive youth development organizations in the United States.
18 Mar First Controlled Airplane Flight in Australia: On March 18, 1910, Australia witnessed its first controlled airplane flight, a groundbreaking moment in the nation's aviation history. The flight was notably performed by Harry Houdini, who was already famous as a magician and escape artist. This event marked a crucial milestone in Australia's technological advancement and demonstrated the expanding global reach of early aviation pioneers.
19 Mar U.S. House of Representatives Reforms Speaker's Powers: On March 19, 1910, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a landmark resolution that significantly curtailed the Speaker's traditional powers, representing a pivotal moment in congressional governance and institutional reform. This change aimed to reduce the absolute control wielded by the Speaker and promote more democratic decision-making processes within the legislative branch.
20 Mar First Occupational Diseases Clinic Established: A groundbreaking medical facility dedicated to the treatment and study of occupational diseases was opened, marking a significant milestone in workplace health and medical research. This clinic represented an early recognition of the health risks associated with industrial and professional environments.
21 Mar Deadly Train Derailment in Gladbrook, Iowa: On March 21, 1910, a catastrophic train accident occurred in Gladbrook, Iowa, resulting in the tragic deaths of forty-seven people. The incident involved trains No. 10 and No. 21 of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. The consolidated trains were traveling at approximately 30 miles per hour when the locomotive struck a spread rail, causing a devastating derailment that highlighted the transportation safety challenges of the early 20th century.
22 Mar British House of Lords Reform Resolution: The British House of Lords passed a groundbreaking reform resolution, explicitly stating that mere possession of a peerage would no longer automatically guarantee membership in the House, signaling a significant shift in the traditional aristocratic governance model.
23 Mar Rif Rebellion Suppressed in Spanish Morocco: On March 23, 1910, the Spanish military successfully suppressed a prolonged rebellion by Rif tribesmen in Spanish Morocco after an 8-month conflict. The brutal campaign resulted in significant casualties, with approximately 8,000 Berbers and 2,000 Spanish soldiers losing their lives, highlighting the intense colonial tensions in North Africa during the early 20th century.
24 Mar British Colonial Authorities Ban Gandhi's Hind Swaraj: On March 24, 1910, colonial authorities in British India banned 'Hind Swaraj', a seminal political pamphlet written by Mohandas K. Gandhi. The document, which advocated non-violent resistance and civil disobedience against British imperial rule, was deemed subversive by Sir H.A. Stuart, marking an early instance of colonial suppression of Gandhi's emerging independence movement.
25 Mar Tragic Fire at Fish Furniture Store in Chicago: A devastating fire at the Fish Furniture Store in Chicago resulted in the deaths of 16 employees, predominantly women and girls, who were trapped on the fourth and fifth floors. The fire was reportedly started accidentally by a clerk filling pocket cigarette lighters with benzene, as instructed by his supervisor.
26 Mar First Aviation Instruction School Established: Orville Wright, one of the pioneering Wright brothers, established the first formal flying school in Montgomery, Alabama, beginning instruction for five student aviators, marking a significant milestone in early aviation education.
27 Mar Deadly Barn Dance Fire in Hungary: A tragic fire erupted during a barn dance in Ököritófülpös, Hungary, resulting in 312 fatalities. The disaster was caused when pine branch decorations used for festive lantern lighting caught fire, quickly engulfing the ballroom in flames.
28 Mar First Successful Seaplane Flight by Henri Fabre: French aviation pioneer Henri Fabre made history by becoming the first person to successfully fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion. He took off from a water runway near Martigues, France, demonstrating a groundbreaking moment in aviation technology that would revolutionize maritime and aerial transportation.
29 Mar Pennsylvania Railroad Wage Increase of 1910: In a significant labor relations move, the Pennsylvania Railroad announced a substantial 6% pay raise for employees earning less than $300 per month. This wage increase represented an important moment in early 20th-century labor practices, demonstrating the railroad's recognition of worker compensation during an era of rapid industrial expansion.
30 Mar Founding of University of Southern Mississippi: The Mississippi Legislature established the University of Southern Mississippi, expanding higher education opportunities in the state and contributing to the region's academic development.
31 Mar Formation of Stoke-on-Trent: On March 31, 1910, six historic pottery towns in North Staffordshire united to create the modern city of Stoke-on-Trent. This federation marked a significant administrative and economic consolidation in the ceramics manufacturing region of England, bringing together local municipalities to form a more powerful and cohesive urban center.
01 Apr Mount Etna Volcanic Eruption Destroys Cavahero Village: A volcanic eruption from Mount Etna in Italy devastated the village of Cavahero, destroying approximately fifty houses. Fortunately, all inhabitants were successfully evacuated before the lava flow, preventing potential loss of life.
02 Apr Maryland Passes Discriminatory Voting Restrictions: On April 2, 1910, the Maryland State Legislature passed a deeply discriminatory bill designed to systematically disenfranchise African-Americans, effectively stripping them of their constitutional voting rights. This legislation was part of a broader pattern of Jim Crow era laws aimed at suppressing African-American political participation through legal mechanisms such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses.
03 Apr Theodore Roosevelt Declines Papal Audience: On April 3, 1910, former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt publicly announced his decision to decline a meeting with Pope Leo XIII. The refusal was prompted by the Vatican's request that Roosevelt first meet with local Methodist representatives, highlighting the complex religious and diplomatic tensions of the era.
04 Apr Sri Aurobindo Arrives in Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo, a prominent Indian philosopher, revolutionary, and spiritual leader, arrived in Pondicherry, French India. This marked a significant turning point in his life, as he transitioned from political activism to spiritual and philosophical pursuits. He would spend the next four decades writing profound philosophical works and developing his spiritual philosophy.
05 Apr First Socialist Mayor Elected in Major US City: Emil Seidel made history by becoming the first Socialist Party member elected as mayor of a major American city, specifically Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This election represented a notable moment in early 20th-century American political diversity and the growing influence of socialist ideologies.
06 Apr Brownsville Affair Military Injustice: A military court of inquiry upheld the controversial verdict in the Brownsville Affair, affirming the dishonorable discharge of 167 African American soldiers from the 25th United States Regiment. These soldiers were collectively punished for an alleged shooting incident in Brownsville, Texas in 1906, despite many arguing the charges were racially motivated and lacked substantial evidence. This event highlighted the systemic racial discrimination within the U.S. military during the early 20th century.
07 Apr Launch of SMS Moltke: German Battlecruiser Enters Naval History: On April 7, 1910, the SMS Moltke, the lead ship of the Moltke-class battlecruisers, was ceremoniously launched from the shipyards in Hamburg, Germany. This vessel represented a significant advancement in naval engineering for the Imperial German Navy during the pre-World War I era. The Moltke-class battlecruisers were designed to be faster and more maneuverable than traditional battleships, embodying Germany's naval expansion strategy under Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. The SMS Moltke would later play a crucial role in naval operations during World War I, symbolizing the technological prowess and maritime ambitions of the German Empire.
08 Apr Maryland Governor Vetoes Negro Disenfranchisement Bill: On April 8, 1910, Governor Crothers made a significant stand against racial discrimination by vetoing the Negro Disenfranchisement Bill. This bill, which had passed both Houses of the Maryland State Legislature on April 2, 1910, would have revoked the voting rights of African-Americans in state and local elections. The governor's veto was a notable moment of resistance against systemic racial oppression during the Jim Crow era.
09 Apr Theodore Roosevelt Declines Vatican Meeting: Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt publicly announced he would not meet with Pope Leo XIII, citing the Vatican's request that he first refrain from meeting with local Methodist representatives. This incident highlighted the complex religious and diplomatic tensions of the early 20th century, showcasing Roosevelt's independent stance and the intricate religious politics of the era.
10 Apr Interstate Commerce Commission Ruling on Pullman Car Pricing: The American Interstate Commerce Commission made a significant ruling regarding train travel pricing, mandating that upper berths on Pullman cars should be sold at a lower rate compared to lower berths. This decision aimed to address pricing fairness and passenger comfort in long-distance rail transportation.
11 Apr António de Spínola: Portuguese Military and Political Leader: António de Spínola was a prominent Portuguese general and politician who played a significant role in Portugal's political transformation during the mid-20th century. Born in 1910, he would become a key figure in the Portuguese Revolution of 1974, which ended the Estado Novo dictatorship and paved the way for democracy in Portugal.
12 Apr Launch of SMS Pre-Dreadnought Battleship: The SMS, a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, was launched on this date. This vessel represented the transitional naval technology of the early 20th century, just before the revolutionary dreadnought design would transform naval warfare.
13 Apr Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific historical events were recorded for April 13, 1910, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. Many days in history pass without major documented events, yet they remain part of the broader historical tapestry. The early 20th century was a period of significant global transformation, with technological innovations, political shifts, and social changes happening rapidly.
14 Apr RMS Titanic Launched in Belfast: The RMS Titanic, a massive ocean liner and pinnacle of early 20th-century maritime engineering, was launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland. This momentous event marked the beginning of what would become one of the most famous and tragic maritime stories in history.
15 Apr 1910 United States Census Conducted: The United States Census Bureau initiated its decennial population count, deploying over 70,000 workers to enumerate the nation's inhabitants. The census revealed a total population of 92,228,496, providing crucial demographic data for understanding early 20th-century America's growth and composition.
16 Apr Boston Arena Opens: The Boston Arena, now known as Matthews Arena, was inaugurated as the first indoor ice hockey arena that would continue to be used in the 21st century. This historic venue served as the original home for several iconic sports teams, including the NHL Boston Bruins, the NBA Boston Celtics, and the WHA New England Whalers. Currently, it remains an active sports facility, primarily serving Northeastern University's athletic programs.
17 Apr Extraordinary Pregnancy of Conjoined Twin Rosa Blazek: In a remarkable medical event, Rosa Blazek, one half of a pair of conjoined twins, gave birth to a son named Franzl at the General Hospital in Prague. Rosa and her sister Josepha, who were 31 years old at the time, were part of a unique medical case where a conjoined twin successfully carried and delivered a child. This pregnancy was the only documented instance of its kind in medical history. The sisters later moved to the United States, where they both passed away in 1922.
18 Apr NAWSA Presents Historic Women's Suffrage Petition to Congress: The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) delivered a landmark petition to the United States Congress, bearing 500,000 signatures advocating for women's voting rights. This massive demonstration of public support represented a critical moment in the women's suffrage movement, highlighting the growing national momentum for gender equality in political participation.
19 Apr Venezuela Independence Centennial Celebrations: Venezuela commenced its centennial independence commemoration with elaborate ceremonies on April 19, 1910. The national celebrations included significant institutional developments such as plans to reconstruct the national pantheon, establish the Military Academy of the Republic, and create the National Nautical School. Additional activities involved launching national census initiatives and opening various commemorative contests.
20 Apr Halley's Comet Closest Solar Approach: Halley's Comet reaches its closest approach to the Sun since 1835, becoming prominently visible to the naked eye and creating widespread public excitement about this rare astronomical phenomenon.
21 Apr Death of Mark Twain: Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, passed away at his home in Redding, Connecticut. A legendary American writer renowned for novels like 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' and 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn', Twain was a pivotal figure in American literature who used humor and social commentary to critique the societal norms of his time. His death marked the end of an era for American literary culture.
22 Apr Coal Mine Explosion in Amsterdam, Ohio: A devastating coal mine explosion occurred near Amsterdam, Ohio, resulting in the tragic loss of eighteen miners' lives. The incident highlights the dangerous working conditions in early 20th-century coal mining, where workers faced significant risks of catastrophic accidents due to inadequate safety measures, unstable mine structures, and potential gas or coal dust ignitions.
23 Apr Theodore Roosevelt's 'The Man in the Arena' Speech: Theodore Roosevelt delivered his famous 'The Man in the Arena' speech, a powerful discourse on courage, perseverance, and the importance of active participation in life. This speech would become one of his most memorable and inspirational addresses, emphasizing the value of striving and daring greatly.
24 Apr French Parliamentary Elections of 1910: French parliamentary elections were conducted on April 24, 1910, which resulted in a marginal strengthening of the ruling party's majority. Aristide Briand continued to serve as Prime Minister, maintaining political stability during this period of the Third French Republic.
25 Apr Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific major historical events were documented for April 25, 1910, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. The early 20th century was a period of rapid technological, social, and political transformation, with ongoing developments in industrialization, colonial expansions, and emerging global tensions.
26 Apr First Official Mother's Day Proclamation in West Virginia: Governor William E. Glasscock of West Virginia officially proclaimed the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day, following a three-year campaign by Anna Jarvis of Grafton. This proclamation was a pivotal moment in the national recognition of Mother's Day as an official holiday, marking a significant milestone in honoring maternal contributions to society.
27 Apr Juan Vicente Gomez Elected President of Venezuela: Juan Vicente Gomez was unanimously elected President of Venezuela by the national Congress, following a coup he staged in November. After briefly resigning on April 19, Gomez consolidated his political power through this election, marking a significant moment in Venezuelan political history.
28 Apr London to Manchester Air Race: French aviator Louis Paulhan won the historic 1910 London to Manchester air race, which was the first long-distance aeroplane race in the United Kingdom, demonstrating the emerging capabilities of early aviation technology.
29 Apr United Kingdom's People's Budget Passes: The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the groundbreaking People's Budget, a historic fiscal policy designed to redistribute wealth among the British public. This landmark legislation represented a significant shift in economic policy, introducing progressive taxation and social welfare measures that would reshape the British economic landscape.
30 Apr Medical Passport Introduction in Belgian Congo: The Vice-Governor of the Belgian Congo implemented a controversial 'medical passport' system, mandating all black African subjects to carry these documents. The official rationale was to control and prevent the spread of sleeping sickness, but this policy was a clear manifestation of colonial control and racial discrimination.
01 May International Workers' Day (May Day): May Day is a significant annual celebration with deep historical roots, commemorating workers' rights and marking the arrival of spring. Originating from ancient spring festivals and later evolving into a labor movement symbol, the day is recognized globally as a time to honor workers' contributions and achievements. In socialist and communist countries, it has particular political significance, while in many other nations, it represents a broader cultural and social observance.
02 May Charles Evans Hughes Confirmed as Supreme Court Justice: On May 2, 1910, the United States Senate confirmed Charles Evans Hughes as a Supreme Court Justice in a swift, undebated process. Hughes was a prominent legal figure who would later become Governor of New York and run for President, marking a significant moment in the judicial appointment history of the early 20th century.
03 May President William Howard Taft Returns to Cincinnati: President William Howard Taft made a notable personal journey back to his hometown of Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 3rd, 1910. In a remarkable display of humility, he specifically requested to be treated as an ordinary citizen during his visit. This gesture allowed him to reconnect with old acquaintances and experience a moment of normalcy amidst his presidential duties, highlighting Taft's down-to-earth character and connection to his roots.
04 May Naval Service Act Passed: Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier passed the Naval Service Act on May 4, 1910, formally creating the Royal Canadian Navy. This legislation was a landmark moment in Canadian military history, signaling the country's growing autonomy and international presence.
05 May Devastating Cartago Earthquake in Costa Rica: On May 5, 1910, a catastrophic earthquake struck the city of Cartago, Costa Rica, resulting in widespread destruction and significant loss of life. The seismic event completely devastated the urban landscape, killing more than 1,500 people and leaving the city in ruins. This earthquake was one of the most destructive natural disasters in Costa Rican history, causing immense human suffering and long-lasting economic and social impacts.
06 May Death of King Edward VII: King Edward VII of the United Kingdom died at 11:45 p.m. after a brief illness of six days, marking the end of his reign and the immediate succession of his son, George V.
07 May USS Cyclops Naval Launch: The USS Cyclops, a critical U.S. Navy coal-carrying collier ship, was launched, representing the expanding maritime capabilities of the United States in the early 20th century. This vessel would later become famous for mysteriously disappearing in the Bermuda Triangle in 1918.
08 May Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Decision on Cruel Punishment: In a historic ruling, the United States Supreme Court ordered the first-ever release of a convict based on constitutional grounds of cruel and unusual punishment. The case involved Paul Weems, a former lighthouse worker in the Philippines who had been subjected to excessive imprisonment and harsh physical restraints for malfeasance of office.
09 May King George V Formally Proclaimed King of British Empire: On May 9, 1910, King George V was formally proclaimed as the monarch of the British Empire, three days after his father's death. The official proclamation was read by the Duke of Norfolk at St James's Palace, concluding with the traditional proclamation 'God Save the King!'
10 May First International Women's Congress in South America: The first Congreso Femenino Internacional was held in Buenos Aires, bringing together 200 women from Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. This groundbreaking event represented a significant moment in the early feminist movement in South America, discussing women's rights, education, and social progress.
11 May Establishment of Glacier National Park: On May 11, 1910, U.S. President William Howard Taft signed legislation establishing Glacier National Park in Montana, marking the creation of the nation's 10th national park. This pristine wilderness area, located in the Rocky Mountains, was designed to preserve the region's stunning alpine landscapes, diverse ecosystems, and unique geological features for future generations to appreciate and explore.
12 May Birth of Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin: Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin was born, a pioneering British chemist who would later make groundbreaking contributions to X-ray crystallography and win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964 for her work on the structure of important biochemical substances, including penicillin and vitamin B12.
13 May Early Aviation Tragedy: Gabriel Hauvette-Michelin's Fatal Crash: On May 13, 1910, French aviator Gabriel Hauvette-Michelin met a tragic end during the nascent era of aviation, becoming the seventh recorded fatality in airplane accident history. While attempting to take off during an aviation demonstration in Lyon, France, Hauvette-Michelin's aircraft crashed, highlighting the extreme risks faced by early pioneers of flight. This incident underscored the dangerous and experimental nature of aviation technology in the early 20th century, when aircraft design and pilot safety protocols were still in their infancy.
14 May Colonial Border Agreement in Africa: Representatives from Belgium, Great Britain, and Germany signed a comprehensive border agreement defining territorial boundaries for their respective central African colonial possessions. This diplomatic arrangement was part of the complex geopolitical negotiations that characterized European colonial expansion during the early 20th century.
15 May Italy National Football Team's First International Match: The Italy national football team played its inaugural international match, achieving a remarkable 6-2 victory against France in Milan, marking a significant milestone in the nation's sporting history.
16 May United States Bureau of Mines Established: The U.S. Congress authorized the creation of the United States Bureau of Mines, a pivotal moment in the government's approach to mining safety, resource management, and industrial regulation. This new bureau would play a crucial role in studying mining technologies, improving worker safety, and managing mineral resources.
17 May Deadly Industrial Explosion in Ohio: A catastrophic chain reaction explosion occurred at the American Sheet and Tin Plate Company in Canton, Ohio, on May 17, 1910. Seven boilers simultaneously detonated, resulting in thirteen fatalities and thirty serious injuries. This tragic industrial accident highlighted the significant safety risks in early 20th-century manufacturing environments.
18 May Birth of Non-Aristotelian Logic: Nicolai A. Vasiliev presented a groundbreaking lecture at Kazan University introducing non-Aristotelian logic, challenging traditional logical frameworks and proposing new approaches to logical reasoning and judgment.
19 May Halley's Comet Approaches Earth: Halley's Comet made its closest approach to Earth, creating a spectacular astronomical event that captivated global attention. The comet's arrival triggered widespread public fascination, with numerous businesses capitalizing on 'comet fever' by selling comet-themed merchandise and souvenirs.
20 May Funeral of King Edward VII: The funeral of King Edward VII was a significant royal event held at Westminster Abbey, marking the end of an era in British monarchy. The ceremony was attended by numerous European royals, symbolizing the complex diplomatic relationships of the early 20th century. King Edward VII, known for his diplomatic skills and role in shaping international relations, was laid to rest with full royal honors.
21 May Founding of Tel Aviv: On May 21, 1910, the settlement of Ahuzzat Bayit, originally established on April 11, 1909, by Jewish settlers in Ottoman Palestine, was officially renamed Tel Aviv. The name 'Tel Aviv', meaning 'the hill of the spring' in Hebrew, symbolizes renewal and hope. This marked a significant moment in the early Zionist movement, representing the first modern Jewish city in Palestine and laying the groundwork for what would become Israel's largest metropolitan area.
22 May King George V Grants Widespread Pardons: On May 22, 1910, King George V of the United Kingdom demonstrated royal clemency by issuing pardons for numerous prisoners serving short-term sentences. In a significant act of judicial mercy, he not only freed many individuals but also reduced the sentences of others, reflecting a compassionate approach to criminal justice during the early 20th century.
23 May Lake Huron Maritime Tragedy: A devastating maritime disaster occurred on Lake Huron when the steamer Frank H. Goodyear was rammed, resulting in the drowning of 16 men and one woman. This tragic incident highlights the perilous nature of Great Lakes shipping in the early 20th century and the significant risks faced by maritime workers.
24 May International Loan Negotiation with Imperial China: In a significant diplomatic and economic development, foreign powers renegotiated a substantial loan offer to the Imperial Chinese government, specifically targeting the strategic expansion of railroad infrastructure across China. This negotiation reflected the complex geopolitical and economic interactions between Western powers and the declining Qing Dynasty during the early 20th century, highlighting the intense competition for economic influence in China.
25 May Wright Brothers Fly Together for the First and Only Time: On May 25, 1910, Wilbur and Orville Wright made aviation history by flying together on the same aircraft at the Huffman Prairie airfield in Dayton, Ohio. This unique flight was notable because it was the only time the Wright Brothers would share an aircraft, with Orville serving as the pilot. The event symbolized their collaborative spirit and marked a significant moment in the early development of powered flight.
26 May Laurence S. Rockefeller's Business Leadership: Laurence S. Rockefeller, a prominent business leader and member of the influential Rockefeller family, was active in New York City as the CEO of Chase Manhattan Bank. As part of a dynasty known for significant financial and philanthropic contributions, Rockefeller played a key role in shaping the American banking landscape in the early 20th century.
27 May Robert Koch Dies - Nobel Laureate in Medicine: Robert Koch, a pioneering German physician and microbiologist, passed away. He was a Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, renowned for his groundbreaking work in bacteriology, including identifying the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. His research fundamentally transformed medical understanding of infectious diseases and established the scientific foundations of modern epidemiology.
28 May Battle for Control of Bluefields, Nicaragua: On May 28, 1910, a significant military engagement occurred in Bluefields, a strategic coastal town in Nicaragua. Rebel forces led by General Estrada engaged in an intense, day-long battle to gain control of the town, reflecting the ongoing political instability and power struggles in the region during the early 20th century.
29 May Pope Pius X's Encyclical on Church Reform: Pope Pius X issued the encyclical 'Editae Saepe' on May 29, 1910, addressing concerns about potential reforms within the Catholic Church. The document was a critical response to emerging movements seeking to modify traditional church practices and doctrines, reflecting the Pope's conservative stance on ecclesiastical matters.
30 May First Prime Minister of South Africa: General Louis Botha became the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, marking a significant moment in the country's political transition and early governance.
31 May Establishment of the Union of South Africa: The South Africa Act comes into force, officially establishing the Union of South Africa as a unified political entity. This significant event merged the British Cape Colony and Colony of Natal with the previously independent Afrikaans-speaking territories, creating a new administrative structure under British dominion.
01 Jun Robert Falcon Scott's South Pole Expedition Departs: Captain Robert Falcon Scott led a British Antarctic Expedition, departing from London aboard the steamer Terra Nova with 55 crew members. The expedition's primary objective was to be the first team to successfully reach the South Pole, marking a significant moment in polar exploration history.
02 Jun First Roundtrip Flight Over the English Channel: Charles Stewart Rolls made aviation history by completing the first non-stop roundtrip flight across the English Channel, demonstrating the emerging capabilities of early aircraft technology.
03 Jun Roald Amundsen's Secret Antarctic Expedition Begins: The Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, led by the renowned polar explorer Roald Amundsen, quietly departed from Christiania (now Oslo) aboard the steamer *Fram*. In a strategic move of utmost secrecy, Amundsen did not publicly announce his true intention to reach the South Pole until later in the year, which would ultimately lead to his historic achievement of being the first person to successfully reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911.
04 Jun Pioneering Medical Surgical Techniques: On June 4, 1910, two groundbreaking medical procedures were performed that would significantly advance neurosurgical techniques. Harvey Cushing conducted his first sublabial submucosal trans-sphenoidal approach, while Oskar Hirsch simultaneously performed his first submucosal trans-sphenoidal operation using an endonasal method. These innovative surgical techniques represented important progress in medical science.
05 Jun Discovery of Asteroids Hela and Auravictrix: On June 5, 1910, German astronomer Johann Helffrich made a significant contribution to astronomical research by discovering two asteroids: #699 Hela and #700 Auravictrix. These celestial bodies were added to the growing catalog of known minor planets in the solar system, expanding our understanding of the asteroid belt located between Mars and Jupiter.
06 Jun Presidential Railroad Conference of 1910: President William Howard Taft convened a significant meeting with the presidents of Western railroads to discuss transportation infrastructure, economic policy, and potential regulatory matters. This gathering represented an important moment in early 20th-century transportation and governmental relations.
07 Jun Devastating Earthquake in Southern Italy: A catastrophic earthquake struck Southern Italy at 3:00 a.m., causing significant loss of life. The early morning tremors resulted in scores of fatalities, devastating local communities and highlighting the region's seismic vulnerability.
08 Jun Japan-Russia Territorial Agreement: Japan and Russia reached a diplomatic agreement concerning the division of territories in the Far East, reflecting the complex geopolitical negotiations and power dynamics in the region during the early 20th century.
09 Jun Japan and Russia Territorial Agreement: Japan and Russia reached a diplomatic agreement concerning the division of territories in the Far East, reflecting the geopolitical negotiations and power dynamics of the early 20th century between these two emerging regional powers.
10 Jun Sir Charles Hardinge Appointed as Viceroy of India: Sir Charles Hardinge, a prominent British diplomat and colonial administrator, was formally appointed as the Viceroy of India, succeeding the Earl of Minto. This appointment was significant in the context of British colonial governance, marking a transition in leadership during the late Edwardian era of imperial administration. Hardinge would serve in this crucial role from 1910 to 1916, overseeing British imperial interests during a complex period of Indian political and social development.
11 Jun Oklahoma Capital Referendum of 1910: On June 11, 1910, Oklahoma held a pivotal referendum to determine the permanent location of its state capital. Voters decisively chose Oklahoma City over the existing capital of Guthrie, with Oklahoma City receiving 96,261 votes compared to Guthrie's 31,301 votes. A third candidate, Shawnee, garnered 8,382 votes. Despite the original enabling act stipulating that Guthrie would remain the capital until at least 1913, Governor Charles N. Haskell took bold action by moving the state seal to Oklahoma City and temporarily establishing the capitol at the Lee Huckins Hotel until a permanent government building could be constructed.
12 Jun Devastating Central European Floods: A catastrophic flood event struck central Europe, with particularly severe impact in Germany. The Ahr River experienced a massive overflow, resulting in the tragic loss of 200 lives around the town of Oberammergau. This natural disaster highlighted the vulnerability of riverside communities to extreme weather events.
13 Jun Tragic Water Tank Collapse in Montreal: A catastrophic accident occurred at the Montreal Herald building when a 35-ton water tank collapsed through the roof, resulting in the tragic death of 32 people. The incident highlighted the critical importance of structural safety and maintenance.
14 Jun Founding of University of the Philippines Los Baños: The University of the Philippines Los Baños was established as an agricultural college, marking a significant milestone in Philippine higher education. The inaugural class consisted of 50 students under the guidance of Dr. Edwin Copeland, who played a pivotal role in laying the foundation for agricultural education in the Philippines.
15 Jun Birth of Lebanese Political Leader Suleiman Frangieh: Suleiman Frangieh was born in Zgharta, Lebanon. He would later become a significant political figure, serving as President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976, a tumultuous period that included the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War. Frangieh's presidency was marked by complex political dynamics and sectarian tensions that characterized Lebanese politics during that era.
16 Jun Arizona and New Mexico Statehood Bill Passes Senate: The United States Senate unanimously approved a bill to grant statehood to the territories of Arizona and New Mexico, marking a significant moment in the territorial expansion of the United States.
17 Jun First Flight of Aurel Vlaicu's Airplane: Romanian aviation pioneer Aurel Vlaicu successfully piloted the A. Vlaicu nr. 1 aircraft on its maiden flight, marking a significant milestone in early 20th-century aviation technology. This groundbreaking achievement positioned Vlaicu as a key figure in Romania's technological development and military aviation history.
18 Jun Mann-Elkins Act Expands Government Regulation: The Mann-Elkins Act was passed, significantly expanding the Interstate Commerce Commission's regulatory powers. The legislation granted the ICC jurisdiction over interstate telephone, telegraph, and cable communications, and empowered the commission to suspend railroad rate increases, marking an important moment in early 20th-century economic regulation.
19 Jun First Official Father's Day Celebration: The inaugural Father's Day was celebrated in Spokane, Washington, initiated by Sonora Smart Dodd to honor her late father, William Smart. This event marked the beginning of a tradition that would eventually become a nationwide celebration recognizing fathers and their contributions to family and society.
20 Jun Enabling Act of 1910 Signed: President William Howard Taft signed the Enabling Act of 1910 at 1:40 pm in a White House ceremony, formally establishing the conditions for New Mexico and Arizona to become states. The historic signing utilized two symbolic pens: a solid gold pen presented by Postmaster General Hitchcock and an eagle feather pen gifted by New Mexico's congressional delegate, highlighting the ceremonial significance of the moment.
21 Jun Breakthrough in Typhoid Fever Vaccine: On June 21, 1910, Dr. Jean Hyacinthe Vincent made a groundbreaking announcement at the Académie Nationale de Médecine in Paris, revealing the first effective vaccine against typhoid fever. This medical advancement represented a significant milestone in public health, offering hope for preventing a disease that had caused widespread suffering and mortality. Dr. Vincent's discovery would play a crucial role in reducing typhoid infections and saving countless lives in the early 20th century.
22 Jun First Public Color Motion Picture Demonstration: A groundbreaking public demonstration of a color motion picture system is held in London, England, representing a pivotal moment in film technology.
23 Jun Deadly Train Wreck in Mexico: A catastrophic train accident occurred near Manzanillo, Mexico, resulting in at least 60 fatalities. Four train cars detached from the locomotive, causing a devastating crash that highlighted the transportation safety challenges of the early 20th century.
24 Jun Wireless Ship Safety Act of 1910: President William Howard Taft signed the landmark Wireless Act of 1910, a critical maritime safety regulation requiring all ships carrying 50 or more passengers to be equipped with radio communication technology. This legislation was a significant step in improving maritime communication and emergency response capabilities, reflecting the rapid technological advancements of the early 20th century.
25 Jun The Firebird Ballet Premiere: Igor Stravinsky's groundbreaking ballet 'The Firebird' (L'Oiseau de feu) premiered in Paris, marking a pivotal moment in the composer's career. Commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, the performance launched Stravinsky to international prominence and signaled the emergence of a revolutionary musical voice in early 20th-century classical music.
26 Jun Porfirio Diaz Re-elected as Mexican President: Porfirio Diaz was re-elected President of Mexico for the eighth consecutive time, defeating challenger Francisco I. Madero. This election further solidified Diaz's long-standing authoritarian rule, which would soon face significant challenges from the Mexican Revolution.
28 Jun First Airline Crash in Germany: Dirigible Deutschland Incident: On June 28, 1910, the dirigible Deutschland experienced a dramatic incident during an emergency landing at Osnabrück, Germany. Despite being severely impacted by high winds, the airship was wrecked, yet remarkably, all 33 persons on board survived without injury. This event marked a significant moment in early aviation history, highlighting both the technological challenges and the resilience of early airship design.
29 Jun Southern African Customs Union Agreement Signed: On June 29, 1910, the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) agreement was signed, establishing the oldest continuously operating customs union in the world. British colonial administrators representing South Africa, Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Basutoland (now Lesotho) formalized a regional economic cooperation framework that would enable free trade and shared customs revenue. This landmark agreement laid the groundwork for future economic integration in southern Africa, predating the countries' independence and demonstrating early collaborative economic strategies in the region.
30 Jun First Demonstration of Aerial Bombardment: Aviation pioneer Glenn H. Curtiss made a groundbreaking demonstration of military aviation potential by dropping 20 mock explosives from a biplane over Lake Keuka in New York. This event represented a critical milestone in military technology, showcasing the emerging strategic possibilities of aircraft in warfare.
01 Jul Russia and Japan Sign Manchuria Treaty: On July 1st, 1910, Russia and Japan signed a diplomatic treaty defining their respective 'spheres of influence' in Manchuria and broader Asia. This agreement was part of the complex geopolitical maneuvering following the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, reflecting the strategic interests of both imperial powers in the region.
02 Jul Louise Laroche: Titanic Survivor Born: Louise Laroche, a notable survivor of the RMS Titanic disaster, was born on July 2, 1910. As one of the few remaining survivors of the tragic maritime event, her life story represents a remarkable connection to one of the most infamous shipwrecks in history.
03 Jul Second Annual Air Show at Bétheny Plain: The Second Annual Air Show at Bétheny Plain, located near Rheims, France, was a groundbreaking aviation event that showcased the rapid technological advancement of early 20th-century aviation. Spectators witnessed an extraordinary spectacle of up to 15 airplanes simultaneously flying in the sky, described poetically as 'circling the track like a flight of great birds'. However, the event was tragically overshadowed by the fatal accident involving aviator Charles Wachter. During his performance, Wachter's Antoinette VII monoplane suffered a catastrophic wing collapse, causing him to plummet 500 feet (150 m) to his death, serving as a stark reminder of the inherent risks in early aviation.
04 Jul Historic Heavyweight Boxing Match: Jack Johnson vs Jim Jeffries: On July 4, 1910, in Reno, Nevada, African-American heavyweight champion Jack Johnson defeated white challenger Jim Jeffries in a landmark boxing match. Johnson knocked out Jeffries in the 15th round, marking a significant moment in sports and racial history. The fight was highly anticipated as a symbolic racial confrontation, with Jeffries dubbed the 'Great White Hope' who was expected to reclaim the championship for white boxers.
05 Jul Racial Violence Following Johnson-Jeffries Boxing Match: In the aftermath of the Johnson-Jeffries boxing bout, cities across America prohibited film exhibitions of the fight. The event triggered significant racial tensions, resulting in at least ten deaths and widespread violence. In Washington, authorities arrested 236 people, predominantly African-Americans. At Ogden, Utah, racial confrontation escalated when three white men attempted to harass boxer Jack Johnson at a railway station, but were prevented by his trainer.
06 Jul U.S. Government Wins Landmark Suit Against Bleached Flour Manufacturers: In a significant legal victory for consumer protection, the United States government successfully prosecuted its first lawsuit against flour manufacturers using bleaching processes under the recently enacted Pure Food and Drug Act. This landmark case represented an important step in regulating food production standards and ensuring public health safety by challenging industrial practices that potentially compromised food quality.
07 Jul Jack Johnson Fight Film Banned: In a stark demonstration of racial tensions in early 20th century America, the fight footage between Jack Johnson (the first African American heavyweight boxing champion) and Jim Jeffries was systematically banned across multiple states and cities. Within just three days of the fight, screenings were prohibited, particularly in the southern United States, reflecting the deep-seated racial prejudices of the era.
08 Jul Savarkar's Dramatic Escape Attempt: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, a prominent Indian independence movement leader, attempted a daring escape from British custody while aboard the mail ship S.S. Morea. He swam to Marseilles, briefly reaching French jurisdiction, but was quickly recaptured by three men from the ship and returned to British detention.
09 Jul First Airplane Flight Exceeding One Mile Altitude: On July 9, 1910, aviation pioneer Walter Brookins made history by becoming the first pilot to successfully fly an airplane to an altitude of over one mile (1.6 kilometers). This remarkable achievement was a significant milestone in early aviation, demonstrating the rapid technological progress and expanding capabilities of aircraft during the pioneering era of flight.
10 Jul Death of Johann Galle, Neptune Discoverer: Johann Gottfried Galle, the renowned German astronomer who first observed Neptune through a telescope in 1846, passed away on July 10, 1910. His groundbreaking astronomical discovery marked a significant milestone in planetary exploration, confirming mathematical predictions by Urbain Le Verrier about the existence of an unknown planet beyond Uranus.
11 Jul Death of Charles Stewart Rolls in Aviation Accident: Charles Stewart Rolls, a pioneering British aviator and co-founder of the Rolls-Royce automobile company, tragically died during a flying competition in Bournemouth, Dorset. At just 33 years old, Rolls was participating in an aerial event when his French-built biplane crashed, marking one of the earliest fatalities in the nascent field of aviation. His death was a significant loss to the early aviation community, as Rolls was known for his adventurous spirit and contributions to both automotive and aeronautical engineering.
12 Jul Record-Breaking Rainfall in Cherrapunji, India: Cherrapunji, located in the northeastern state of Meghalaya, India, experienced an extraordinary meteorological event with the heaviest recorded rainfall in 24 hours, measuring an unprecedented 838 millimeters (33.0 inches). This extreme precipitation event highlighted the region's reputation as one of the wettest places on Earth.
13 Jul Fatal German Airship Disaster in Leichlingen: On July 13, 1910, a tragic aviation accident occurred when the German dirigible Erbslöh catastrophically failed during a test flight, resulting in the deaths of all five crew members. The airship was in the early stages of preparation for potential passenger service when a gasoline-powered engine explosion occurred at an altitude of 480 meters (1,570 ft) over the town of Leichlingen. An engineer's log, recovered from the incident, noted the ship's altitude just five minutes after takeoff, providing a chilling final record of the crew's final moments.
14 Jul Portuguese Naval Victory Against Pirates in Colowan: Portuguese colonial troops successfully defeated a significant pirate group after an intense two-day battle on the island of Colowan, located near Macao, a Portuguese colonial territory in China. This engagement demonstrated the Portuguese military's capability to protect its colonial interests and maritime trade routes in the region during the early 20th century.
15 Jul Alzheimer's Disease Named by Emil Kraepelin: In his seminal medical publication, Emil Kraepelin officially named the neurodegenerative disorder as 'Alzheimer's disease', recognizing the groundbreaking work of his colleague Alois Alzheimer in identifying and describing the condition.
16 Jul First Australian-Built Aircraft Takes Flight: John Robertson Duigan achieved a significant milestone in Australian aviation history by successfully flying the Duigan pusher biplane, which was the first aircraft constructed in Australia. This event marked an important moment in the country's technological and aerospace development.
17 Jul Uneventful Day in 1910: While no major historical events were recorded for July 17, 1910, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. Daily life continued across the world, with people working, living, and experiencing their personal histories. The early 20th century was a period of significant global transformation, including technological advancements, social changes, and geopolitical shifts.
18 Jul Cy Young Achieves 500th Career Win: Major league baseball pitcher Cy Young reached a remarkable milestone by winning his 500th professional game, solidifying his status as one of the most accomplished pitchers in early 20th-century baseball. This achievement underscores Young's extraordinary durability and skill during the early years of professional baseball, when pitchers routinely completed entire games and had longer, more grueling careers.
19 Jul Lev Kamenev's Significant Political Speech in Russian Duma: Bolshevik theoretician Lev Kamenev delivered his first important speech in the Russian Duma, boldly expressing critical views and disapproval of the contemporary government. This speech marked an early moment in Kamenev's political career and highlighted the growing political dissent in pre-revolutionary Russia.
20 Jul Iowa Governor Indicted for Criminal Libel: Governor Beryl F. Carroll of Iowa was indicted by a grand jury on criminal libel charges, a significant legal and political event highlighting potential misconduct in state leadership.
21 Jul Death of Johan Peter Selmer, Norwegian Composer: Johan Peter Selmer, a prominent Norwegian composer and musical figure, died on July 21, 1910, at the age of 66. Selmer was known for his contributions to Norwegian classical music during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, helping to develop and promote the national musical identity of Norway during a period of cultural renaissance.
22 Jul Theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre: In a shocking art world event, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece 'Mona Lisa' (La Giaconda) was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. This audacious theft would become one of the most famous art heists in history, capturing global attention and ultimately leading to the painting's recovery and increased worldwide recognition.
23 Jul Milan Tornado Catastrophe: On July 23, 1910, a devastating tornado struck the city of Milan, Italy, causing widespread destruction. The natural disaster claimed the lives of more than 60 people and resulted in millions of dollars in property damage, highlighting the destructive potential of severe weather events.
24 Jul Ottoman Empire Suppresses Albanian Revolt: The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, effectively putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910, demonstrating the empire's continued military control over its territories in the Balkans.
25 Jul Devastating Flash Flood in Diósd, Hungary: On July 25, 1910, a catastrophic flash flood struck the small Hungarian town of Diósd, causing rapid and destructive flooding along the Danube River. The sudden and intense downpour overwhelmed local drainage systems, leading to a tragic loss of life with at least 25 residents drowning in the unexpected deluge. The event highlighted the vulnerability of rural communities to extreme weather events and the unpredictable nature of localized meteorological phenomena.
26 Jul Stock Market Crash of 1910: On July 26, 1910, the New York Stock Exchange experienced a significant market downturn, with 110 out of 146 traded issues hitting record low prices for the year. This financial event signaled economic instability and potentially reflected broader economic challenges during the early 20th century.
27 Jul British Aviator Demonstrates Naval Air Vulnerability: On July 27, 1910, British aviator Claude Grahame-White conducted a groundbreaking demonstration of aerial military potential by flying his airplane over the Royal Navy fleet assembled at Mount's Bay. In a bold move, he deliberately buzzed the flagship of Admiral of the Fleet Sir William May, dramatically illustrating the significant defensive vulnerabilities of naval vessels against potential aerial attacks. This event was a pivotal moment in military aviation history, highlighting the emerging strategic importance of aircraft in naval warfare.
28 Jul First Flight of the Bristol Boxkite: The Bristol Boxkite, a pioneering British-manufactured aircraft produced by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, made its inaugural flight. This milestone represented a significant moment in early British aviation history, demonstrating the country's emerging capabilities in aeronautical engineering and design.
29 Jul Slocum Massacre: Racial Violence in Texas: The Slocum Massacre begins, a horrific two-day race riot in Texas where over 100 African Americans were brutally murdered by white residents, representing a deeply tragic episode of racial violence and systemic racism in early 20th century America.
30 Jul First Flight of the Bristol Boxkite: The Bristol Boxkite, a pioneering British manufactured airplane developed by the Bristol Aeroplane Company, successfully completed its inaugural flight. This milestone represented a significant advancement in early 20th-century aviation technology and British aerospace engineering.
31 Jul Dr. Hawley Harvey Crippen Arrested for Murder: Dr. Hawley Harvey Crippen was arrested by Inspector Walter Dew of Scotland Yard for the murder of his wife, Belle Crippen, after being captured while attempting to flee to Canada aboard the SS Montrose. This high-profile case became a sensational criminal investigation that captured international attention and demonstrated early advances in transnational law enforcement.
01 Aug First Pilot to Carry Three Passengers in an Airplane: On August 1, 1910, French aviator Monsieur Baeder achieved a significant milestone in early aviation history by successfully carrying three passengers in a single airplane flight. The total payload of the aircraft was 700 pounds (320 kg), demonstrating the growing capabilities of early aircraft technology. Tragically, Baeder's pioneering achievement was overshadowed by his death just nine days later, which occurred during a period when aviation was extremely dangerous—1910 was recorded as the deadliest year for pilots, with 53 aviators losing their lives while pushing the boundaries of human flight.
02 Aug Oklahoma Literacy Test Amendment Disenfranchises African Americans: Oklahoma's state constitution was amended to require literacy tests for voter registration, specifically designed to exclude African Americans. The amendment targeted non-white voters by implementing a test that exempted descendants of those who were free prior to the end of slavery, effectively disenfranchising approximately 30,000 African American citizens from voting.
03 Aug Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific major historical events were documented for August 3, 1910, this does not mean the day was entirely without significance. The early 20th century was a period of rapid technological, social, and political transformation, with ongoing developments in industrialization, global politics, and scientific discovery continuing in the background.
04 Aug Russian Legislative Leader Imprisoned: Alexander Guchkov, a prominent Russian political figure and President of the Duma (legislative assembly), began a four-week jail sentence, highlighting the complex political tensions in pre-revolutionary Russia.
05 Aug Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific major historical events were recorded for August 5, 1910, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. Daily life continued across the world, with people engaging in work, social interactions, and personal pursuits during this period of early 20th-century global development.
06 Aug Launch of HMS Lion Royal Navy Battlecruiser: On August 6, 1910, the HMS Lion was launched at Devonport, representing a major milestone in naval technology. As the first of the 'super-Dreadnought' class of Royal Navy battlecruisers, this vessel symbolized Britain's naval supremacy and the rapid technological advancements in maritime military engineering during the early 20th century.
07 Aug Government Ultimatum and Attack on Mujahidin in Tehran: On August 4, 1910, the Iranian government issued a stern ultimatum to the Mujahidin in Tehran, demanding they surrender their weapons. Three days later, on August 7, government troops launched a military operation, attacking the residence of prominent revolutionary leader Sattar Khan. The confrontation resulted in approximately 30 Mujahidin fatalities, marking a significant moment of tension during the Constitutional Revolution of Iran.
08 Aug Galveston's Innovative Urban Engineering: A remarkable urban engineering project initiated in 1903 to raise the city of Galveston, Texas, above sea level was completed, addressing critical flood prevention needs following the devastating 1900 hurricane.
09 Aug Alva Fisher patents electric washing machine
11 Aug Unremarkable Day in 1910: While no specific significant historical events were recorded for August 11, 1910, this date falls during the early 20th century, a period of significant global transformation marked by technological innovations, colonial expansions, and emerging social changes.
12 Aug Uhlan Sets Historic Horse Racing Mile Record: On August 12, 1910, the racehorse Uhlan made history by becoming the first horse to complete a mile in under two minutes. At the North Randall track, Uhlan achieved an extraordinary time of 1 minute and 58.75 seconds, setting a groundbreaking speed record for horse racing that would be celebrated in sporting annals.
13 Aug Publication of 'The Secret Garden': On August 13, 1910, Frances Hodgson Burnett published 'The Secret Garden', a beloved children's novel that would become a timeless classic of children's literature. The book tells the story of Mary Lennox, a young girl who discovers a hidden garden and experiences personal transformation, exploring themes of healing, growth, and the restorative power of nature.
14 Aug Brussels World Exhibition Fire Devastates British and French Exhibitions: A significant fire broke out at the 1910 Brussels World Exhibition, causing extensive damage to the British and French national exhibitions. The incident highlighted the vulnerability of large-scale international cultural and technological showcases during the early 20th century.
15 Aug Founding of Rotary International: On August 15, 1910, the National Association of Rotary Clubs was established during a convention in Chicago, marking the beginning of what would become a global service organization. At its inception, the association comprised 15 local Rotary Clubs, representing the early stages of a network dedicated to professional networking and community service.
16 Aug Birth of Mae Clarke, Notable Hollywood Actress: Mae Clarke was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. She would become a prominent actress of the early Hollywood era, known for her memorable roles in classic films such as 'Frankenstein' (1931), 'Nana' (1934), and 'Parole Girl' (1937). Clarke was particularly notable for her work during the transition from silent to sound films and her contributions to the horror and drama genres.
17 Aug Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific notable historical events were documented for August 17, 1910, this does not necessarily mean nothing of significance occurred. Many days in history pass without major global events, but local or personal histories might still have been unfolding.
18 Aug Birth of Herman Berlinski, Polish-American Composer: Herman Berlinski, a distinguished Polish-American composer, was born on August 18, 1910, in Poland. He would later become known for his significant contributions to contemporary classical music, particularly in Jewish musical traditions. Berlinski was renowned for his innovative compositions that often drew inspiration from his Jewish heritage and liturgical music.
19 Aug Unremarkable Day in 1910: While no significant historical events were recorded for August 19, 1910, this date falls during a period of notable global transitions. The early 20th century was characterized by rapid industrialization, technological advancements, and growing tensions between European powers that would eventually lead to World War I.
20 Aug Big Blowup of 1910: A devastating forest fire initiated by severe lightning storms in June and dramatically escalated by strong winds on August 20, 1910. The fire primarily affected western Montana and northern Idaho, burning 3 million acres and claiming at least 85 lives, including 78 firefighters. This event is considered one of the most significant wildfire disasters in early 20th-century American history.
21 Aug The Great Fire of 1910: A massive wildfire swept through the northwestern United States, burning approximately 3 million acres across northeast Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana. This devastating event, also known as the 'Big Blowup' or the 'Great Fire of 1910', resulted in the tragic loss of 86 lives and became one of the most significant forest fires in American history. The fire's immense scale and destructive power dramatically influenced future forest management and wildfire prevention strategies in the United States.
22 Aug Japan's Annexation of Korea: Japan officially annexed Korea through the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, effectively ending Korea's sovereignty. The historic name 'Korea' was abolished and replaced with the traditional name 'Joseon', marking the beginning of a colonial period that would last until the end of World War II.
23 Aug Great Fire of 1910: Devastating Forest Fires in the Pacific Northwest: A catastrophic series of interconnected forest fires swept through the Pacific Northwest, specifically impacting Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. The massive conflagration, driven by strong winds, became the largest forest fire in American history at that time. Over four days, the fires claimed at least 160 human lives, causing unprecedented environmental and human destruction. The fires were finally subdued by rainfall on August 23, 1910, marking a turning point in the disaster.
24 Aug ITC Limited's Strategic Tobacco Company Acquisition: On August 24, 1910, ITC Limited, a nascent Indian conglomerate, strategically acquired the third-largest tobacco company in Kolkata, marking a significant milestone in the company's early business expansion. This acquisition positioned ITC as an emerging player in the tobacco industry, laying the groundwork for its future diversification and growth.
25 Aug Yellow Cab Company Established: The Yellow Cab Company was founded, marking a significant milestone in urban transportation history. This pioneering taxi service would revolutionize urban mobility and become an iconic transportation brand in the United States.
26 Aug Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific major historical events were documented for August 26, 1910, this does not mean the day was entirely without significance. The early 20th century was a period of rapid technological, social, and political transformation, with ongoing developments in industrialization, global politics, and societal changes happening continuously.
27 Aug Birth of Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa, born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity. She dedicated her life to serving the poor and sick in Kolkata, India, and became a global symbol of humanitarian work. Her compassionate service earned her numerous international honors, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
28 Aug Montenegro Becomes an Independent Kingdom: On August 28, 1910, Montenegro was officially proclaimed an independent kingdom under the leadership of Nicholas I, marking a significant milestone in the nation's political evolution. This proclamation solidified Montenegro's sovereignty and ended its previous status as a principality, establishing a new era of self-governance and national identity.
29 Aug Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty Takes Effect: On August 29, 1910, the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was formally implemented, marking a pivotal moment in East Asian history. This treaty effectively ended Korea's centuries-long independent monarchy and initiated a 35-year period of Japanese colonial rule. The annexation represented a significant geopolitical shift, transforming Korea from a sovereign state to a colony under Japanese imperial control.
30 Aug Nicholas I Reestablishes Montenegrin Monarchy: On August 30, 1910, Nicholas I of Montenegro reasserted his royal authority by proclaiming himself king, marking the restoration of Montenegro's monarchy after a period of interruption under Turkish rule. This event symbolized Montenegro's ongoing struggle for independence and national sovereignty during the late Ottoman period.
31 Aug Roosevelt's 'New Nationalism' Speech: Theodore Roosevelt delivered a groundbreaking political speech at Osawatomie, Kansas, articulating his 'New Nationalism' philosophy. This radical address outlined his progressive vision for social and economic reforms, emphasizing the need for stronger government intervention to address social inequalities and regulate corporate power.
01 Sep Sacrorum Antistitum Promulgated: Pope Pius X officially promulgated the Sacrorum antistitum, mandating that all Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and teachers take an oath against the Modernist movement, which sought to challenge traditional Church teachings.
02 Sep First American Woman's Solo Flight: Pioneering aviator Blanche Stuart Scott made history by becoming the first American woman to complete a solo airplane flight. Her groundbreaking journey took place in Hammondsport, New York, after receiving just two days of instruction from aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss. This event was a significant milestone in women's participation in early aviation and challenged gender barriers of the era.
03 Sep New York Garment Workers Strike Concludes: A pivotal labor rights moment occurred with the conclusion of a nine-week strike involving 70,000 New York garment workers. The strike resulted in substantial economic disruption, with estimated losses of $100,000,000. Workers achieved significant victories, including mandatory union shops and a landmark work week standard: 9-hour days for five days, followed by a 5-hour day, establishing important labor protections.
04 Sep Time-Bomb Explosions in Peoria, Illinois: On September 4, 1910, two sophisticated time-bombs were detonated in Peoria, Illinois, targeting a railroad yard and a nearby bridge. The devices were meticulously constructed using an alarm clock as a timing mechanism, a detonator, and the highly volatile explosive nitroglycerine. These coordinated explosions raised significant concerns about public safety and potential terrorist activities during the early 20th century.
05 Sep Marie Curie's Groundbreaking Radium Isolation: Marie Curie, the pioneering physicist and chemist, presented a revolutionary scientific breakthrough to the French Academy of Sciences at the Sorbonne. She successfully developed a process to isolate pure radium from its ore, a critical advancement in understanding radioactive elements and laying groundwork for future scientific and medical research.
06 Sep Saskatchewan Roughriders Football Club Established: The Saskatchewan Roughriders, one of Canada's most iconic professional football teams, were founded in Regina, Saskatchewan. This marked the beginning of a significant sports organization that would become a cornerstone of Canadian Football League (CFL) history and prairie sports culture.
07 Sep Death of Dr. Emily Blackwell, Pioneer Physician: Dr. Emily Blackwell, a groundbreaking medical professional who was the second American woman to earn a medical degree, died at 83, having made significant contributions to women's advancement in medicine.
08 Sep East River Tunnels Connect Manhattan and Long Island: In a significant transportation milestone, the East River Tunnels were officially opened, establishing a crucial subway connection between Manhattan and Long Island. The tunnels, which opened precisely ten minutes after midnight, represented a major engineering achievement that would transform urban mobility and regional connectivity in New York City.
09 Sep Tragic Sinking of Pere Marquette No. 18 in Lake Michigan: On September 9, 1910, the car ferry Pere Marquette No. 18 experienced a catastrophic maritime disaster midway across Lake Michigan. Thanks to the recently introduced wireless radio technology, operator Stephen F. Sczepanek was able to call nearby ferry Pere Marquette No. 17 for assistance during the vessel's sudden sinking. Despite evacuation efforts, the ship went down rapidly, resulting in the tragic loss of 29 lives, including Sczepanek and two passengers. Fortunately, 33 crew members and passengers were rescued, highlighting the emerging importance of maritime communication technologies in emergency situations.
10 Sep General Motors Financial Crisis Meeting: On September 10, 1910, William C. Durant, Chairman of General Motors, held a critical financial meeting at Chase Bank to address the corporation's impending bankruptcy. This meeting was pivotal in the early history of General Motors, as Durant sought to secure financial backing and prevent the collapse of the then two-year-old automobile company. Durant's negotiations would prove crucial in keeping General Motors solvent during a challenging period of early automotive industry development.
11 Sep Mexico's Massive Casiano Oil Strike: A monumental oil gusher erupted at Casiano No. 7, owned by Edward L. Doheny's Mexican Petroleum Company, marking a transformative moment in Mexico's economic history. The well produced an unprecedented 60,000 barrels per day, signaling the beginning of Mexico's emergence as a major global oil producer. This event would have profound implications for the country's economic development and international energy dynamics.
12 Sep First Female Police Officer in the United States: Alice Stebbins Wells, a pioneering former social worker, became the first woman police officer with full arrest powers in the United States. She made history by joining the Los Angeles Police Department, breaking significant gender barriers in law enforcement and paving the way for future female officers.
13 Sep Sufi Missionary Begins Global Journey: Inayat Khan, a prominent Sufi mystic and musician, embarked on a transformative journey from Mumbai to Europe, with the mission of introducing and spreading Sufism to Western audiences. This voyage would play a crucial role in bridging Eastern spiritual traditions with Western philosophical and religious thought.
14 Sep Huo Yuanjia's Nationalist Martial Arts Victory: Huo Yuanjia achieved a remarkable victory by defeating challengers from France, Britain, Russia, and Japan, significantly boosting Chinese national pride and challenging Western perceptions of Chinese martial prowess.
15 Sep First General Elections in the Union of South Africa: The Boers and Afrikaners successfully participated in and won the inaugural general elections following the formation of the Union of South Africa, marking a significant milestone in the country's political transition and representation of Afrikaner political power.
16 Sep First Accredited Solo Airplane Flight by a Woman: Bessica Medlar Raiche made history on September 16, 1910, by completing the first officially recognized solo airplane flight by a woman. Her achievement was a significant milestone in early aviation and women's participation in emerging technologies.
17 Sep Fastest Professional Baseball Game in History: On September 17, 1910, a remarkable baseball game took place in the Southern Association, setting a record for the fastest professional game ever played. The Mobile Sea Gulls defeated the Atlanta Crackers with a score of 2-1 in an incredibly swift nine-inning match that was completed in just 32 minutes. This extraordinary game demonstrated an unprecedented level of efficiency and speed in professional baseball, highlighting the players' skill and quick gameplay.
18 Sep Telephone Transmission Breakthrough: On September 18, 1910, U.S. Army Brigadier General George Owen Squier made a groundbreaking technological demonstration by introducing the first system for multiplexing telephone transmissions. This innovation allowed multiple telephone conversations to be simultaneously transmitted over the same set of wires, significantly advancing telecommunications technology.
19 Sep First US Execution Based on Fingerprint Evidence: On September 19, 1910, a landmark legal and forensic science moment occurred in Chicago when Thomas Jennings was executed after being convicted of murdering Clarence Hiller. During a burglary gone wrong, Jennings broke into Hiller's home and killed the owner. Critically, he left behind fingerprints at the crime scene, which became pivotal forensic evidence. His conviction marked the first time in American legal history that fingerprint evidence was the primary basis for a capital punishment sentence, setting a significant precedent for forensic criminology and judicial standards.
20 Sep Thomas Edison's Helicopter Patent Application: Renowned inventor Thomas Edison applied for a U.S. patent (later granted as No. 970,616) for an innovative helicopter design. Although the machine was never manufactured, the patent demonstrated Edison's continued exploration of cutting-edge aviation technologies during the early 20th century.
21 Sep Deadly Interurban Streetcar Collision in Indiana: On September 21, 1910, a catastrophic collision between two interurban streetcars near Kingsland, Indiana, resulted in a tragic loss of 42 lives. The accident highlighted the significant safety challenges in early 20th-century public transportation systems, where rail technology was still developing and safety regulations were minimal. This incident likely prompted investigations into railway safety protocols and contributed to subsequent improvements in transportation infrastructure and passenger protection.
22 Sep Canadian Public Health Association Founded: The Canadian Public Health Association was established with an ambitious initial mission: launching a nationwide vaccination campaign targeting smallpox prevention for all children across Canada, demonstrating a progressive approach to public health.
23 Sep Fall of the Portuguese Monarchy: On September 23, 1910, King Manuel II of Portugal opened the Cortes (national parliament), but the session was quickly adjourned after challenges to the eligibility of nearly half the elected members. Within two weeks, this event would precipitate the complete overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy, leading to the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.
24 Sep Nasir-el-Mulk Becomes Regent of Persia: On September 24, 1910, the National Council of Persia (Majlis) elected Nasir-el-Mulk as the regent for the young Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar, who was only 12 years old at the time. The election was a close vote, with Nasir-el-Mulk winning by a margin of 40 to 29 votes. This political transition highlighted the constitutional period of Persia, where the National Council played a significant role in governance and royal succession.
25 Sep University of British Columbia Site Selection: A provincial commission officially selected the Point Grey location, situated on the western edge of Vancouver, as the future home for the University of British Columbia. This strategic site, overlooking the Pacific Ocean and nestled in a picturesque landscape, would become a pivotal location for higher education in British Columbia.
26 Sep Suppression of Press Freedom in Travancore: Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai was arrested and exiled by the government of Travancore for publishing critical articles that challenged the ruling establishment. His arrest represented a significant moment of press censorship and political repression in early 20th century Kerala, highlighting the tensions between colonial-era governance and emerging journalistic freedoms.
27 Sep Mexican Presidential Re-Election Certification: On September 27, 1910, the Mexican Chamber of Deputies officially certified the re-election of long-serving President Porfirio Díaz and Vice-President Ramón Corral. This event was part of Díaz's extended political dominance, marking another term in his decades-long rule that would eventually lead to the Mexican Revolution.
28 Sep Birth of Two Notable Filipino Figures: On September 28, 1910, two significant Filipino personalities were born: Diosdado Macapagal, who would later become the 9th President of the Philippines, and Wenceslao Vinzons, a prominent politician and resistance leader during World War II.
29 Sep Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes Founded: The Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes was established in New York City by Mrs. Ruth Standish Baldwin and Dr. George Edmund Haynes. This organization was a pioneering effort to address urban challenges facing African Americans during the early 20th century, focusing on social welfare, economic opportunities, and racial equality in urban environments.
30 Sep Birth of Virginia Bruce: Virginia Bruce, a talented American actress and singer, was born on September 30, 1910. She would become a prominent figure in Hollywood during the Golden Age of cinema, appearing in numerous films and contributing to the entertainment industry of the early to mid-20th century.
01 Oct Los Angeles Times Bombing: On October 1, 1910, a devastating terrorist bombing targeted the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California. The attack, which used dynamite placed in an alley, triggered a catastrophic explosion that ignited natural gas lines, causing a massive fire that destroyed part of the building and resulted in 21 fatalities and over 100 injuries. This event was a significant act of industrial terrorism during the early 20th century labor conflicts.
02 Oct Los Angeles Times Bombing: A tragic terrorist attack occurred on October 2, 1910, when a time bomb detonated outside the Los Angeles Times offices at 1:07 a.m., resulting in the devastating loss of twenty-one employees' lives. This event was part of a complex labor dispute and industrial conflict of the early 20th century.
03 Oct World's First Mid-Air Aircraft Collision: On October 3, 1910, aviation history was marked by a significant and dangerous milestone when Captain Bertram Dickson was involved in the world's first recorded mid-air collision over Milan, Italy. This incident highlighted the inherent risks of early aviation and the primitive state of aerial navigation and safety protocols during the pioneering era of flight.
04 Oct Portuguese Republican Revolution: On October 4, 1910, Portugal underwent a significant political transformation when a republican revolution overthrew the monarchy. King Manuel II, the last monarch of Portugal, was forced to flee to England, marking the end of the Portuguese monarchy and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.
05 Oct Portuguese Revolution of 1910: A significant political revolution in Portugal overthrew the constitutional monarchy of King Manuel II and established the Portuguese First Republic. This momentous event marked a dramatic shift in Portugal's political landscape, ending centuries of monarchical rule and ushering in a new era of republican governance.
06 Oct Los Angeles Times Bombing: A devastating terrorist attack occurred when a time bomb detonated at 1:07 a.m. outside the Los Angeles Times offices, resulting in the tragic death of twenty-one employees. This event was part of a labor dispute and marked a dark moment in American industrial relations.
07 Oct Baudette Fire of 1910: A catastrophic series of forest fires devastated northern Minnesota's Lake of the Woods County, destroying multiple towns including Baudette, Spooner, Graceton, and Pitt. The Canadian Pacific Railway played a crucial role in evacuating townspeople to Ontario, Canada. The fires were particularly deadly, with over 200 bodies recovered and an estimated total death toll of approximately 400 people. This disaster was one of the most significant forest fire events in early 20th-century Minnesota history, highlighting the region's vulnerability to wildfire and the limited firefighting capabilities of the era.
08 Oct Portugal's Anti-Clerical Republican Revolution: On October 8, 1910, the newly established Portuguese Republican government took a significant step in its revolutionary reforms by issuing a decree that expelled members of the clergy, with a particular focus on the Jesuit order. This action was part of a broader movement to reduce the Catholic Church's political and social influence in Portugal, marking a pivotal moment in the country's transition from monarchy to republic.
09 Oct Starkville Coal Mine Disaster: A tragic coal mine explosion in Starkville, Colorado, resulted in the devastating loss of fifty-two miners' lives. This catastrophic incident highlighted the dangerous working conditions in early 20th-century mining operations.
10 Oct Ho Chi Minh Enters Hanoi After French Withdrawal: Ho Chi Minh entered Hanoi, Vietnam, following the withdrawal of French troops as per the armistice terms, concluding a seven-year struggle between Communist Vietnamese forces and French colonial authorities. This event was a pivotal moment in Vietnam's path towards independence.
11 Oct Theodore Roosevelt's Historic First Presidential Airplane Flight: On October 11, 1910, Theodore Roosevelt made history by becoming the first former U.S. president to fly in an airplane. The groundbreaking flight took place at Kinloch Aviation Field in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was piloted by Arch Hoxsey in a Wright Brothers aircraft. The four-minute flight was a significant moment in early aviation history, demonstrating the emerging potential of powered flight and Roosevelt's adventurous spirit.
12 Oct Roque Sáenz Peña Becomes President of Argentina: On October 12, 1910, Roque Sáenz Peña was inaugurated as the President of Argentina, marking a significant moment in the country's political history. Alongside him, Victorino de la Plaza was sworn in as Vice President, who would later assume the presidency in 1914. Sáenz Peña's presidency was notable for implementing electoral reforms that expanded democratic participation, including the passage of the Sáenz Peña Law, which established mandatory and secret universal male suffrage.
13 Oct Interstate Commerce Commission Railroad Safety Regulations: The Interstate Commerce Commission issued comprehensive safety regulations mandating the installation of ladders, sill steps, and hand brakes on all railroad cars across the United States. This landmark decision significantly improved worker and passenger safety in the railroad industry by standardizing critical safety equipment.
14 Oct First Aircraft Landing Near White House: On October 14, 1910, English aviator Claude Grahame-White made aviation history by landing his Farman Aircraft biplane on Executive Avenue, situated between the White House and the Old Executive Office Building in Washington, D.C. This remarkable event represented a significant milestone in early aviation, demonstrating the emerging capabilities of aircraft and their potential for transportation and public demonstration.
15 Oct First Transatlantic Aircraft Attempt by Airship America: On October 15, 1910, the airship America was launched from New Jersey, marking a pioneering attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean by a powered aircraft. This ambitious expedition represented a significant milestone in early aviation history, showcasing the bold spirit of technological exploration during the early 20th century.
16 Oct British Ultimatum to Persia: In October 1910, Great Britain issued a stern diplomatic ultimatum to Persia (modern-day Iran), demanding an immediate cessation of raids on commercial transportation routes connecting the key cities of Bushihr, Shiraz, and Isfahan. The British government threatened to deploy a military occupation force of 1,200 troops if Persia failed to comply with the three-month deadline, signaling the colonial power's intent to protect its commercial interests and maintain regional stability.
17 Oct French Railroad Strike of 1910 Ends: The railroad strike in France was called off unconditionally by the union's strike committee after just six days. During the labor action, approximately 80,000 railroad employees had walked off their jobs, demonstrating significant labor unrest and collective bargaining power in early 20th-century France.
18 Oct First Wireless Distress Call from the Air: The dirigible America made history by sending the first-ever wireless distress call from an aircraft, subsequently being rescued by the British liner Trent three days after departing from Atlantic City. This event marked a significant milestone in aviation communication technology, demonstrating the potential of wireless communication in emergency situations.
19 Oct Birth of Jean Genet, Influential French Author: Jean Genet was born on October 19, 1910, in Paris, France. He would become a renowned novelist, playwright, and political activist, known for his groundbreaking works that explored themes of marginalization, sexuality, and social rebellion. Genet's literary contributions significantly influenced 20th-century existentialist and post-colonial literature, challenging societal norms through his provocative writings.
20 Oct RMS Olympic Launch: The RMS Olympic, sister ship to the infamous RMS Titanic, was launched from the renowned Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland. This massive ocean liner was part of the White Star Line's ambitious maritime fleet and represented the pinnacle of early 20th-century shipbuilding technology.
21 Oct HMS Niobe Arrives in Halifax, Establishing Royal Canadian Navy: On October 21, 1910, HMS Niobe arrived in Halifax Harbour, marking a significant milestone in Canadian maritime history. This vessel became the first official ship of the newly formed Royal Canadian Navy, symbolizing Canada's growing naval capabilities and independence from British naval control.
22 Oct Dr. Hawley Harvey Crippen Murder Conviction: Hawley Harvey Crippen was convicted of murdering his wife, marking a significant moment in criminal history as he was the first felon to be arrested with the assistance of radio technology. His conviction and subsequent execution highlighted the emerging role of technological communication in law enforcement.
23 Oct First Woman Solo Airplane Flight: Blanche Scott made history by becoming the first woman to solo a public airplane flight, marking a groundbreaking moment for women in aviation and challenging gender barriers in early 20th-century technology.
24 Oct No Significant Historical Record for October 24, 1910: After thorough review, no notable historical events have been confirmed for this specific date. While October 24, 1910, passes without a remarkable documented occurrence, it remains a day in the early 20th century during a period of significant global transitions.
25 Oct Premiere of Stravinsky's The Firebird Ballet: On October 25, 1910, the groundbreaking ballet 'The Firebird' by renowned Russian composer Igor Stravinsky was first performed at the Paris Opera. This revolutionary work, commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, marked a significant moment in early 20th-century classical music and dance, blending Russian folk themes with innovative modernist composition techniques.
26 Oct Arkansas Tech University Inaugural Classes: The first academic classes were officially held at Arkansas Tech University, which was originally established as the 'Second District Agricultural School' located in Russellville, Arkansas. This marked the beginning of a significant educational institution in the state's higher education landscape.
27 Oct KONE Corporation Established in Finland: KONE Corporation, a pioneering Finnish industrial company, was founded on October 27, 1910, in Helsinki. Initially established as a local machinery and elevator manufacturing enterprise, KONE would eventually grow to become one of the world's leading elevator and escalator manufacturers. The company's name, derived from the Finnish word for 'machine', reflects its industrial roots and commitment to technological innovation in vertical transportation systems.
28 Oct First Public Color Movie Demonstration in the United States: On October 28, 1910, a groundbreaking moment in cinematic history occurred when the first public demonstration of color movies was presented at the meeting room of the New York Electrical Society. This pioneering event showcased an early technological breakthrough in film, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of motion picture technology. The demonstration represented a crucial step towards the development of color cinematography, which would eventually revolutionize the visual storytelling medium.
29 Oct Gordon Bennett Cup Air Racing Victory: Claude Grahame-White achieves a significant milestone in early aviation history by winning the prestigious Gordon Bennett Cup. He completed a 100-kilometer (62-mile) flight in an impressive time of 61 minutes and 4.74 seconds, showcasing the rapid technological advancements in early 20th-century aviation.
30 Oct First Cathode Ray Tube Patent Awarded: On October 30, 1910, Russian scientist Boris Rosing was granted patent No. 18,076 for his groundbreaking invention of the cathode ray tube (CRT) capable of displaying images. This pivotal moment in technological history laid the foundation for television, computer monitors, and numerous electronic display technologies that would revolutionize visual communication in the 20th century. Rosing's innovative work demonstrated the potential of electron beams to create visual representations, marking a crucial step in the development of electronic imaging systems.
31 Oct National Billiard League Inaugural Games: On October 31, 1910, the National Billiard League officially launched its first competitive matches, featuring inter-city games between teams from New York and Boston, and Kansas City and Pittsburgh. This marked a significant moment in the standardization and professionalization of billiards as a competitive sport in the early 20th century United States.
01 Nov First Issue of 'The Crisis' Magazine Published: W.E.B. Du Bois publishes the inaugural issue of 'The Crisis', the official magazine of the NAACP, which would become a pivotal platform for African American intellectual and cultural discourse during the early 20th century.
02 Nov Military Unrest in the Young Portuguese Republic: In the early years following the establishment of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, military forces became increasingly discontented with their economic conditions. Specifically, soldiers and officers were frustrated by delays in promised pay raises, which led to tensions and potential threats of a military coup against the nascent republican government. This event highlighted the fragile political stability of Portugal during its transition from monarchy to republic.
03 Nov Establishment of Imperial Military Reserve Association in Japan: General Tanaka Giichi founded the Teikoku Zaigo Gunjinkai (Imperial Military Reserve Association), an organization designed to create a structured network for former Japanese Army members and civilian volunteers. This association aimed to maintain military readiness and provide a platform for veterans to remain connected to national defense strategies.
04 Nov Racial Lynching of Antonio Rodríguez in Texas: Antonio Rodríguez, a Mexican immigrant, was brutally executed by burning at the stake near Rocksprings, Texas, after being accused of murdering Mrs. Lem Henderson. This extrajudicial killing was a stark example of racial violence and mob justice prevalent in the early 20th century United States. The horrific execution sparked significant race riots in both Texas and Mexico, highlighting the deep racial tensions and systemic racism of the era.
05 Nov Portuguese Political Prisoner Amnesty: On November 5, 1910, following the recent Portuguese Republican Revolution that overthrew the monarchy, the new republican government implemented a significant criminal justice reform. The government granted a comprehensive amnesty to all political prisoners and reduced the sentences of other criminals by one-third, signaling a progressive approach to justice and a symbolic gesture of reconciliation in the aftermath of political upheaval.
06 Nov Campaign for Universal Suffrage in the Netherlands: The Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and the Dutch Trade Union Federation (NVV) launched a comprehensive campaign advocating for universal male and female voting rights, marking a significant moment in the Dutch democratic movement.
07 Nov First Commercial Airplane Cargo Flight: Wright Company pilot Philip Parmalee makes history by conducting the first commercial airplane flight, transporting two bolts of silk valued at $1,000 from Dayton to Columbus for the Morehouse-Martens Department Store, demonstrating the potential of air transportation for commercial trade.
08 Nov Washington State Women's Suffrage Amendment: Washington state's male electorate ratified Amendment 6 to the state constitution, granting women the right to vote. This historic amendment made Washington the fifth state in the United States to enfranchise women, representing a significant step forward in the women's rights movement.
09 Nov Conspiracy Against Emperor of Japan: In a significant legal proceeding on November 9, 1910, twenty-six individuals were convicted of plotting to assassinate the Emperor of Japan. This conspiracy trial highlighted the political tensions and potential threats to imperial authority during the early 20th century Meiji period. The case underscored the serious consequences for those who challenged the imperial system and demonstrated the government's commitment to protecting the monarch.
10 Nov First U.S. Conviction Using Fingerprint Evidence: In a landmark legal moment, a Chicago jury found Thomas Jennings guilty of murdering Clarence A. Hiller on September 19, marking the first criminal conviction in the United States based on fingerprint forensic evidence. This groundbreaking trial represented a significant advancement in forensic science and criminal investigation techniques.
11 Nov Diplomatic Recognition of the Portuguese Republic: On November 11, 1910, several major world powers, including the United States, Germany, Russia, Sweden, and Norway, officially extended diplomatic recognition to the newly established Republic of Portugal. This recognition came shortly after the successful revolution that overthrew the centuries-old Portuguese monarchy on October 5, 1910, marking a significant moment in Portugal's transition to a republican form of government.
12 Nov Marconi's Transatlantic Wireless Signal Breakthrough: Pioneering inventor Guglielmo Marconi achieved a groundbreaking technological milestone by successfully transmitting wireless signals between Nova Scotia and Italy, demonstrating the potential of long-distance wireless communication.
13 Nov Chinese Revolutionaries Plan Uprising in Malaya: Sun Yat-sen, a key figure in the Chinese revolutionary movement, convened a critical meeting with other Chinese exiles in Penang, Malaysia. During this gathering, they strategized the upcoming Huanghuagang Uprising, which was planned for April 27, 1911, and would serve as a precursor to the broader Chinese Revolution of 1911.
14 Nov First Airplane Takeoff from a Naval Vessel: On November 14, 1910, pioneering aviator Eugene Ely made history by performing the first successful airplane takeoff from a ship's deck. Using a Curtiss pusher aircraft, Ely launched from a specially constructed wooden platform on the USS Birmingham in Hampton Roads, Virginia. This groundbreaking event marked a significant milestone in naval aviation and demonstrated the potential of aircraft in maritime operations.
15 Nov Morocco Cedes Territory to Spain: In a diplomatic agreement, Morocco ceded the territory surrounding Melilla to Spain and committed to paying reparations following the Spanish military campaign against the Rif tribesmen. This event reflected the complex colonial dynamics of North Africa during the early 20th century.
16 Nov Spanish Conquest of Inca Empire: Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captures Inca Emperor Atahualpa through a strategic and brutal ambush at Cajamarca in the Peruvian Andes. This pivotal moment marked a turning point in the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, effectively leading to the collapse of one of the most sophisticated indigenous civilizations in the Americas. Pizarro's tactics involved exploiting internal Inca political divisions and using superior military technology to overwhelm the indigenous forces.
18 Nov Black Friday Suffragette Protest in London: On November 18, 1910, hundreds of suffragettes marched to the British Parliament in London to campaign for women's voting rights. The peaceful demonstration was met with violent police suppression, with many protesters being physically beaten and arrested. The brutal response by law enforcement drew significant media attention, ultimately embarrassing the authorities and highlighting the struggle for women's suffrage. This event became known as 'Black Friday' and was a pivotal moment in the British women's rights movement.
19 Nov University of Illinois Football Team Finishes Perfect Season: The University of Illinois football team completed an extraordinary season by remaining unbeaten, untied, and unscored upon. They secured their final victory with a 3-0 win against Syracuse on November 19, 1910, demonstrating their defensive prowess and athletic excellence.
20 Nov Mexican Revolution Begins: Plan de San Luis Potosi: Francisco I. Madero issued the Plan de San Luis Potosi, a revolutionary manifesto denouncing President Porfirio Díaz and calling for an armed uprising to overthrow the Mexican government. This document marked the official start of the Mexican Revolution, a pivotal moment in Mexico's political transformation.
21 Nov Revolta da Chibata: Brazilian Naval Revolt of 1910: On November 21, 1910, Brazilian sailors aboard the powerful warships Minas Geraes, São Paulo, and Bahia launched a violent rebellion against systemic racial and social discrimination in the Brazilian Navy. The revolt, known as 'Revolta da Chibata' (Revolt of the Lash), was a significant protest against the brutal corporal punishment practices that disproportionately targeted Afro-Brazilian sailors, who were often former slaves or descendants of slaves. Led by João Cândido Felisberto, known as the 'Black Admiral', the sailors seized control of the ships and demanded an end to flogging and improved working conditions.
22 Nov Devastating Floods in Quảng Ngãi Province: A catastrophic flooding event in Quảng Ngãi Province, French Indochina (modern-day Vietnam), resulted in the tragic loss of over 1,000 lives. This natural disaster highlighted the region's vulnerability to extreme weather and environmental challenges during the early 20th century.
23 Nov Last Execution in Sweden: Johan Alfred Ander became the final person to be executed in Sweden, marking a significant moment in the country's judicial history. Convicted of murdering Victoria Hellsten during a robbery at a currency exchange, Ander was executed by guillotine, bringing an end to capital punishment in the nation.
24 Nov University of Pittsburgh Panthers Defeat Penn State in Football: On November 24, 1910, the University of Pittsburgh Panthers football team achieved a decisive 11-0 victory over Penn State, solidifying their early dominance in collegiate football. This historic match was particularly significant as it positioned Pitt as one of only two major college football programs at the time with an undefeated record against Penn State.
25 Nov First Corporate Tax Return Public Inspection Regulations: On November 25, 1910, President William Howard Taft introduced groundbreaking regulations that mandated public transparency for corporate tax returns filed with the United States government. This landmark decision represented a significant step towards financial accountability and public oversight of corporate financial activities during the Progressive Era.
26 Nov Tragic Factory Fire in Newark Claims 24 Lives: A devastating fire at the Wolf Muslin company factory in Newark, New Jersey, resulted in the deaths of 24 women and girls. This tragic incident underscored the dangerous working conditions and limited safety regulations for industrial workers during the early 1900s, particularly for female laborers.
27 Nov Pennsylvania Station Opens in New York City: On November 27, 1910, Pennsylvania Station (Penn Station) was inaugurated in New York City, marking a significant milestone in transportation infrastructure. Designed by McKim, Mead & White, the station was a monumental architectural achievement, featuring grand Beaux-Arts design with massive granite columns and an expansive waiting room with a soaring glass ceiling. At the time of its opening, it was celebrated as the world's largest railway terminal, symbolizing the technological and urban progress of early 20th-century America.
28 Nov U.S. Government Challenges Sugar Trust Monopoly: The U.S. Department of Justice initiated a significant antitrust lawsuit against the Sugar Trust, marking an important moment in the government's efforts to combat monopolistic business practices and promote fair economic competition during the Progressive Era.
29 Nov British Antarctic Expedition Departs: The historic British Antarctic Expedition, led by renowned polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott, departed from New Zealand aboard the Terra Nova. Notably, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also present, setting the stage for one of the most famous polar exploration competitions in history.
30 Nov Deadly U.S. Hunting Season of 1910: In the autumn of 1910, the United States experienced a particularly dangerous hunting season, with fatal accidents reaching an alarming milestone. A total of 113 hunting-related deaths were recorded, representing a significant 30% increase from the previous year. This spike in fatalities highlighted the urgent need for improved hunting safety regulations, hunter education, and stricter enforcement of hunting protocols to prevent accidental deaths.
01 Dec Birth of Dame Alicia Markova, Pioneering Ballerina: Alicia Lilian Alice Marks, later known professionally as Dame Markova, was born in London. She would become a groundbreaking British ballerina who significantly influenced 20th-century dance, helping to establish ballet as a respected art form in the United Kingdom and internationally.
02 Dec Scott's Antarctic Expedition Faces Perilous Storm: Three days into Robert Falcon Scott's ambitious Antarctic expedition departing from New Zealand, the expedition's ship, the *Terra Nova*, encountered a devastating hurricane that nearly resulted in the vessel's destruction. This harrowing experience underscored the extreme dangers faced by early 20th-century polar explorers in their quest to reach the South Pole.
03 Dec First Multiple Fatality Airplane Accident: The first multiple fatality airplane accident in history occurred at Centocelle, near Rome, when an airplane carrying Lt. Enrico Cammarota and Private S. Castellani crashed, resulting in their deaths. This tragic event marked the 26th and 27th fatalities in aviation history, highlighting the early dangers of flight technology.
04 Dec First Grey Cup Championship in Canadian Football: The inaugural Grey Cup was awarded after the Toronto Varsity Blues defeated the Toronto Parkdale team in Canada's amateur gridiron football championship game. This historic match marked the beginning of what would become one of Canada's most prestigious sporting traditions in football.
05 Dec Founding of the Italian Nationalist Association: Luigi Federzoni established the Italian Nationalist Association, a right-wing political organization that would later play a crucial role in the rise of fascism in Italy. In 1921, this association would merge with Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party, significantly influencing the political landscape of early 20th-century Italy.
06 Dec The Rite of Spring Ballet Premiere: Igor Stravinsky's groundbreaking ballet 'The Rite of Spring' (Le Sacre du Printemps) receives its first public performance in Paris, France. This revolutionary work would later become known for its radical musical and choreographic innovations that challenged traditional classical music and dance conventions.
07 Dec Notable Musicians Born: On December 7, 1910, two significant musicians were born: Louis Prima, a renowned American bandleader from New Orleans who would later become famous for his energetic performances and contributions to jazz and swing music, and Edmundo Ros, a celebrated Trinidadian bandleader from Port of Spain who would make significant contributions to Latin and Caribbean music.
08 Dec Emanuel Lasker Retains World Chess Championship: Renowned German chess grandmaster Emanuel Lasker successfully defended his world chess championship title by defeating David Janowski in a decisive match held in Berlin. Lasker won 8 out of 11 games, demonstrating his exceptional strategic prowess and solidifying his reputation as one of the most dominant chess players of the early 20th century.
09 Dec Arizona State Constitution Advancement: A significant step towards statehood occurred when delegates adopted the proposed state constitution for Arizona with a vote of 40–12. The constitution was subsequently submitted for voter approval, scheduled for February 9, 1911, marking a crucial phase in Arizona's journey to becoming a U.S. state.
10 Dec Johannes van der Waals Wins Nobel Prize in Physics: Johannes van der Waals, a prominent Dutch physicist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, which significantly advanced understanding of molecular interactions and thermodynamic properties.
12 Dec Mysterious Disappearance of Dorothy Arnold: On December 12, 1910, Dorothy Arnold, a prominent 25-year-old New York City socialite from a wealthy Manhattan family, vanished without a trace after shopping on Fifth Avenue. Her disappearance became one of the most intriguing missing person cases of the early 20th century. Remarkably, her affluent family delayed reporting her disappearance to authorities for six weeks, choosing instead to conduct their own private investigations. Despite extensive searches and private detective work, Dorothy was never found, and her fate remains an unsolved mystery to this day.
13 Dec Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific major historical events are documented for December 13, 1910, this period was part of the late Edwardian era, characterized by significant social and technological transformations. The world was on the cusp of major changes, with industrialization rapidly progressing and global tensions building towards what would become World War I.
14 Dec First Multiple Fatality Airplane Accident in History: On December 14, 1910, a tragic milestone in aviation history occurred near Rome at Centocelle airfield. Lieutenant Enrico Cammarota and Private S. Castellani became the first multiple fatalities in a single airplane accident, marking a somber moment in the early development of aviation technology. Their deaths highlighted the significant risks and experimental nature of early flight, underscoring the dangerous pioneering efforts of early aviators who were pushing the boundaries of human technological achievement.
15 Dec Premiere of Madama Butterfly: On December 15, 1910, the renowned Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's iconic opera 'Madama Butterfly' was first performed publicly at La Scala opera house in Milan, Italy. The opera, set in Nagasaki, Japan, tells a tragic love story between a Japanese geisha and an American naval officer, and would go on to become one of Puccini's most famous and enduring works.
16 Dec First Jet Propulsion Aircraft Incident: During a ground test of his Coandă-1910 plane, Romanian aviation pioneer Henri Coandă experienced an unexpected and dramatic moment when the powerful jet engine unexpectedly lifted the aircraft, causing him to lose control. The experimental aircraft subsequently crashed, marking a significant moment in early aviation history.
17 Dec Russian Newspaper Suppression: In an act of governmental censorship, Russian authorities seized all editions of five national newspapers after Deputy Purishkevich delivered a radical speech in the Duma (Russian parliament). This event underscores the tight control of media and political discourse during the late Imperial Russian period, reflecting the regime's intolerance of dissenting or provocative political statements.
18 Dec Battle of the Trebia: A pivotal battle during the Second Punic War where Hannibal's Carthaginian army decisively defeated Roman forces in northern Italy, demonstrating Hannibal's military genius and strategic prowess.
19 Dec Edward Douglass White Becomes Chief Justice: Edward Douglass White is sworn in as the 9th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, succeeding Melville Fuller and continuing to shape the nation's judicial landscape.
21 Dec Hulton Bank Colliery Mining Disaster: A catastrophic underground explosion occurred at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton, Westhoughton, England, resulting in the tragic death of 344 miners. This devastating incident stands as one of the most significant mining accidents in early 20th-century British industrial history, highlighting the dangerous working conditions in coal mines during that era.
22 Dec Deadly Chicago Union Stock Yards Fire: A catastrophic fire at the Chicago Union Stock Yards resulted in a tragic loss of life when a building collapsed during firefighting efforts, killing twenty-one firefighters. This devastating incident highlighted the extreme risks faced by first responders in early 20th-century industrial settings and prompted subsequent safety reforms in firefighting protocols.
23 Dec Uneventful Day in 1910: While no specific significant historical events were documented for December 23, 1910, this period was part of the late Edwardian era, characterized by significant technological and social transformations preceding World War I. The world was experiencing rapid industrialization, colonial expansions, and emerging tensions between European powers.
24 Dec Tragic Train Derailment in Kirkby Stephen: On Christmas Eve, a devastating train accident occurred when the 'Scotch Express' derailed in northern England. The train, carrying approximately 500 passengers traveling from England to Scotland, resulted in 27 fatalities. The incident highlighted the significant safety challenges in early 20th-century railway transportation.
25 Dec Christmas Day 1910: A Quiet Historical Moment: On December 25, 1910, Christmas Day passed without any notable recorded historical events. While the day might have been celebrated quietly by families and communities around the world, no significant global or regional occurrences were documented for this specific date.
26 Dec Lucy Faithfull: Children's Rights Advocate: Lucy Faithfull was a prominent British social reformer and children's rights campaigner who dedicated her life to protecting and improving the welfare of children. Born in the early 20th century, she became a significant figure in child protection and social welfare movements, advocating for legislative changes and social policies that would safeguard children's interests.
27 Dec First International Ice Hockey Game Between Canada and United States: On December 27, 1910, a groundbreaking international ice hockey match was played in Cleveland, Ohio, marking a significant milestone in the sport's cross-border development. The game featured a Canadian team from Berlin, Ontario (now known as Kitchener) competing against a local American team. The Canadian squad demonstrated superior skill and strategy, securing a decisive victory that highlighted the early dominance of Canadian hockey players in international competition.
28 Dec Failed Assassination Attempt on Japanese Governor-General in Korea: A significant political incident occurred in Sonchon, northern Korea, involving a failed assassination attempt on Japanese Governor-General Terauchi Masatake. The Korean independence group Shinminhoe was implicated, leading to widespread arrests of Koreans and foreign missionaries. 105 Koreans were ultimately convicted of treason and sentenced to hard labor, highlighting the intense political tensions during the Japanese colonial period in Korea.
29 Dec Birth of Ronald Coase: Ronald Coase, a prominent British economist who would later win the Bank of Sweden Prize (Nobel Prize in Economics), was born on December 29, 1910. Coase would become renowned for his groundbreaking work in transaction cost economics and institutional economics.
30 Dec First Human Observation of a Stellar Birth: Thomas Espin, an astronomer, became the first human to scientifically document the birth of a new star. This groundbreaking observation occurred at a star located approximately 5,117 light-years away, with an estimated distance of 1,569 parsecs. This moment represented a significant milestone in astronomical research and understanding of stellar formation.
31 Dec US Tobacco Industry Milestone in 1910: In a significant industrial achievement, the United States tobacco industry produced 9 billion cigarettes in the year 1910, marking a substantial growth in manufacturing and consumer demand for tobacco products during the early 20th century.

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