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Historical Events on May 31: Significant Moments in History

Throughout history, certain dates stand out for the remarkable events that unfolded on them. From turning points in politics to cultural breakthroughs, these days often carry significance that echoes through time. Explore the most important events that occurred on May 31, revealing the lasting impact they've had on the world.

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Events on May 31 - Key Moments Throughout History

  • 1900 International Forces Enter Beijing: A multinational peacekeeping force of 337 men from the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Russia enter Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion. U.S. Marine Captain John T. Myers noted the tense, silent atmosphere during their entry.
  • 1901 Death of Ernest de Sarzec, French Archaeologist: Ernest de Sarzec, a pioneering French archaeologist known for his groundbreaking excavations in Mesopotamia, particularly at the ancient Sumerian site of Telloh (modern-day Tell Lagas in Iraq), passed away on May 31, 1901. De Sarzec was instrumental in uncovering significant artifacts and architectural remains that greatly enhanced understanding of early Mesopotamian civilizations, including the first known statues of Sumerian rulers.
  • 1902 Treaty of Vereeniging Details: The Peace of Vereeniging was signed in Pretoria, ending the South African War (Boer War). The treaty terminated the independence of the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, placing them under British military administration. Key provisions included a general amnesty, disarmament of burghers, a £3,000,000 reconstruction grant, and a controversial clause deferring voting rights for nonwhites until after the Boers received self-government.
  • 1904 Dorr v. United States Supreme Court Decision on Philippine Rights: In a landmark legal ruling, the Supreme Court held that inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, then under U.S. colonial control, were not guaranteed the constitutional right to trial by jury. This decision was part of the broader legal framework defining the status of territories acquired after the Spanish-American War, effectively establishing a discriminatory legal precedent that denied full constitutional protections to colonial subjects.
  • 1905 Foiled Assassination Attempt in Paris: A dramatic assassination attempt was narrowly averted when an anarchist threw a bomb at the carriage carrying Spanish King Alfonso XIII and French President Émile Loubet during a state visit. The royal and presidential figures miraculously escaped injury, highlighting the volatile political climate of early 20th-century Europe marked by anarchist violence and political instability.
  • 1906 Assassination Attempt on Spanish Royal Couple: On May 31, 1906, a dramatic assassination attempt targeted King Alfonso XIII and his newly married wife Victoria von Battenberg during a royal procession in Madrid. A Catalan anarchist attempted to attack the royal couple, creating a moment of significant political tension and highlighting the volatile social climate in early 20th-century Spain.
  • 1907 First Taxi Services Launch in New York City: On May 31, 1907, New York City witnessed the inaugural operation of taxi services, marking a significant milestone in urban transportation. These early motorized taxis represented a transformative moment in the city's mobility landscape, gradually replacing horse-drawn carriages and setting the stage for modern urban transit systems.
  • 1908 First Female Airplane Passenger in Belgium: Miss Pottelsberghe de la Pottery made history by becoming the first airplane passenger in Belgium, marking a significant milestone in early aviation and women's participation in technological advancement.
  • 1909 First NAACP Conference in New York City: The inaugural conference of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was held at the United Charities Building in New York City. This pivotal meeting brought together civil rights leaders to discuss strategies for advancing racial equality and combating discrimination in the United States.
  • 1910 Establishment of the Union of South Africa: The South Africa Act comes into force, officially establishing the Union of South Africa as a unified political entity. This significant event merged the British Cape Colony and Colony of Natal with the previously independent Afrikaans-speaking territories, creating a new administrative structure under British dominion.
  • 1911 Launch of RMS Titanic: The RMS Titanic, a massive ocean liner built by the White Star Line, was launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland. This historic event marked the debut of what was then the largest mobile object ever constructed, symbolizing the pinnacle of early 20th-century maritime engineering and technological ambition.
  • 1912 Royal Commission Investigates Titanic Sinking: The royal commission led by Lord Mersey commenced a comprehensive investigation into the circumstances surrounding the tragic sinking of the RMS Titanic, which had occurred just weeks earlier on April 15, 1912. This official inquiry aimed to determine the causes of the disaster and establish maritime safety protocols to prevent similar tragedies in the future.
  • 1913 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution Ratified: The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was officially declared ratified, marking a significant milestone in American democratic process by authorizing the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote, shifting power from state legislatures to the general electorate.
  • 1914 Joe Benz Throws No-Hitter for Chicago White Sox: On May 31, 1914, Chicago White Sox pitcher Joe Benz achieved a remarkable feat by throwing a no-hitter against the Cleveland Indians, winning the game 6-1. This dominant performance showcased Benz's exceptional pitching skills and was a significant moment in early 20th-century baseball history.
  • 1915 German Zeppelin Air Raid on London: On May 31, 1915, during World War I, a German LZ-38 Zeppelin conducted an aerial bombing raid on London, marking a significant escalation in aerial warfare. This attack represented one of the first strategic bombing missions targeting a major civilian population center, causing terror and demonstrating the emerging potential of airborne military technology.
  • 1916 Battle of Jutland: Major Naval Confrontation in World War I: On 31 May 1916, the largest naval battle of World War I occurred in the North Sea between the British Grand Fleet, commanded by Sir John Jellicoe and Sir David Beatty, and the German Kaiserliche Marine, led by Reinhard Scheer and Franz von Hipper. The battle was strategically significant but ultimately proved tactically indecisive, with substantial casualties on both sides.
  • 1917 First Jazz Record Released: Dark Town Strutters Ball: On May 31, 1917, a significant milestone in music history occurred with the release of the first jazz record, 'Dark Town Strutters Ball'. This recording marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of American musical genres, capturing the emerging sound of jazz that would go on to profoundly influence global music culture.
  • 1918 Battle of Cantigny: First U.S. Division Repels German Counterattacks: During World War I, the Battle of Cantigny marked a significant moment in American military history. On May 31, 1918, the U.S. First Division successfully defended the strategically important village of Cantigny in northern France, forcing German forces to abandon their repeated attempts to recapture the location. This battle was notable for being one of the first major offensive operations by American troops in World War I, demonstrating the American Expeditionary Forces' combat effectiveness and boosting Allied morale.
  • 1919 First Transatlantic Flight by US Navy Aircraft: The US Navy Curtiss NC-4 aircraft, commanded by Albert C. Read, successfully completed the first transatlantic flight, taking 15 days to cross from the United States and landing in Plymouth, England. This historic aviation achievement marked a significant milestone in early 20th-century aeronautical technology and international travel.
  • 1920 Gaston Chevrolet Triumphs at Indianapolis 500: French racing driver Gaston Chevrolet achieved a remarkable victory at the Indianapolis 500, demonstrating exceptional driving skill by completing the entire race without a single tire change. Accompanied by his riding mechanic John Bresnahan, Chevrolet's performance highlighted the technological prowess and endurance required in early 20th-century motorsports.
  • 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A devastating racial massacre in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where white mobs systematically attacked the prosperous African American community of Greenwood, known as 'Black Wall Street'. The violence resulted in widespread destruction, with estimates of Black fatalities ranging from 39 to approximately 300. The massacre involved deputized whites killing African Americans, burning 40 square blocks of homes, businesses, hospitals, schools, and churches, leaving 9,000 Black residents homeless.
  • 1922 Birth of Denholm Elliott, Renowned British Actor: Denholm Elliott was born in London, England, who would go on to become a distinguished actor known for his versatile performances in films such as 'Alfie', 'Cuba', 'A Doll's House', and 'King Rat'. He was a respected figure in British cinema and theater throughout the mid-20th century.
  • 1923 Formation of South African Indian Congress: The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) was established in Durban on May 31, 1923, with Omar Hajee Amod Jhaveri as its first President. This organization played a crucial role in advocating for the rights of Indian immigrants and residents in South Africa during the era of racial segregation, becoming an important precursor to later civil rights movements.
  • 1924 Soviet-China Diplomatic Agreement on Outer Mongolia: The Soviet Union signed a significant diplomatic agreement with the Peking government, acknowledging Outer Mongolia as an integral part of the Republic of China. In this treaty, the Soviet Union explicitly promised to respect China's sovereignty over the region, marking an important moment in early 20th-century Sino-Soviet relations.
  • 1925 Rogers Hornsby Debuts as Cardinals Manager: On May 31, 1925, baseball legend Rogers Hornsby managed his first game for the St. Louis Cardinals, leading the team to a decisive 5-2 victory over the Cincinnati Reds. This marked the beginning of Hornsby's managerial career with the Cardinals, a team he would significantly influence during his tenure.
  • 1926 Portuguese Presidential Coup: Portuguese President Bernardino Machado was forced to resign following a military coup, marking a significant political upheaval in Portugal. This event signaled growing political instability and would eventually lead to the establishment of the Estado Novo regime under António de Oliveira Salazar.
  • 1927 End of the Ford Model T Era: Ford Motor Company produced the last 'Tin Lizzie' (Model T), marking the end of an iconic automobile that revolutionized personal transportation and mass production techniques.
  • 1928 First Aerial Crossing of the Pacific Ocean: A historic aviation milestone occurred when a four-man international crew (two Australians and two Americans) departed from Oakland, California in a Fokker F.VII aircraft named Southern Cross, attempting the first trans-Pacific flight to Australia.
  • 1929 United Kingdom General Election Results in Hung Parliament: The British general election concludes with no single party achieving a majority, creating a complex political scenario where the Liberal Party will play a crucial role in determining the next government. This political deadlock highlights the fragmented political landscape of the late 1920s.
  • 1930 Clint Eastwood Born in San Francisco: Legendary American actor and filmmaker Clint Eastwood was born in San Francisco, California, who would later become an iconic figure in Hollywood, known for his roles in Western films and as an acclaimed director.
  • 1931 Kuomintang's Defeat in Second Encirclement Campaign: The Second Encirclement Campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet was a significant military operation during the Chinese Civil War, where the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) forces attempted to suppress the Communist-controlled Soviet base area in Jiangxi Province. Despite their strategic efforts, the campaign ended in a decisive defeat for the Kuomintang, further strengthening the Communist forces led by Mao Zedong and weakening the Nationalist government's control in the region.
  • 1932 Political Shifts in Germany and Japanese Diplomacy: In a significant political transition, German President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Franz von Papen as the new Chancellor of Germany, marking another unstable period in the Weimar Republic's governance. Simultaneously, international diplomatic pressure compelled Japan to agree to a ceasefire, likely related to ongoing regional tensions or military conflicts.
  • 1933 Nazi Germany Excludes Jews from Military Service: On May 31, 1933, the Nazi regime officially barred Jews from serving in the German armed forces, marking an early and significant step in the systematic discrimination and marginalization of Jewish citizens in Germany. This discriminatory policy was part of the broader antisemitic policies implemented by the Nazi government, which would eventually lead to the Holocaust.
  • 1934 Barmen Declaration Against Nazi Influence in Christianity: On May 31, 1934, a pivotal moment in religious resistance to Nazism occurred when the Barmen Declaration was signed. Primarily drafted by the renowned theologian Karl Barth, this document represented a courageous stand by Christians in Nazi Germany who rejected the pro-Nazi German Christian movement. The declaration affirmed the church's independence from political ideology and asserted that Christ, not the Nazi regime, was the ultimate authority for believers.
  • 1935 Devastating Quetta Earthquake: A catastrophic 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Quetta, British India (now Pakistan), causing massive destruction and resulting in approximately 50,000 fatalities. The earthquake was one of the deadliest seismic events in the region's history, completely devastating the city and leaving widespread devastation.
  • 1936 Indalecio Prieto Shooting Incident: Spanish socialist politician Indalecio Prieto was shot during a political rally in Écija, marking a violent moment in the pre-Spanish Civil War political landscape. The incident highlighted the intense political tensions and potential dangers faced by political leaders during this turbulent period in Spanish history.
  • 1937 German Warships Bombard Almeria During Spanish Civil War: German battleships bombarded the Spanish city of Almeria, escalating tensions during the Spanish Civil War. This naval attack was part of the complex international involvement in the conflict, with Germany supporting Nationalist forces.
  • 1938 Lou Gehrig's Consecutive Game Streak: Lou Gehrig played his 2,000th consecutive game for the New York Yankees, setting an extraordinary endurance record that was considered the greatest of its kind in sports history at the time. This remarkable achievement highlighted Gehrig's incredible durability and commitment to the game.
  • 1939 Nazi Celebration of Spanish Civil War Veterans: On May 31, 1939, Hamburg hosted a ceremonial event honoring 5,000 German fighters who had participated in the Spanish Civil War. Hermann Göring, a prominent Nazi leader, personally distributed 36 gold crosses for extraordinary valor, symbolizing Germany's military prowess and involvement in the Spanish conflict.
  • 1940 Operation Dynamo Peak Evacuation: Operation Dynamo reaches its most significant day, successfully rescuing 68,014 Allied troops from the beaches of Dunkirk, marking a crucial moment in World War II's early stages.
  • 1941 Nazi Discrimination in Netherlands: German occupiers implement racist policies by forbidding Jews access to beaches and swimming pools, further escalating systematic persecution.
  • 1942 Japanese Midget Submarine Attack on Sydney: In a daring World War II naval operation, Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines initiated a surprise attack on Sydney, Australia, marking a significant and audacious military engagement in the Pacific Theater.
  • 1943 Allied U-boat Victories: During May 1943, the Allies achieved a significant maritime victory by sinking 42 German U-boats, dramatically impacting the naval warfare in the Atlantic and turning the tide of the Battle of the Atlantic.
  • 1944 Allied Breakthrough in Italy: Allied forces achieved a significant breakthrough in the Italian campaign during World War II, marking a crucial turning point in the Mediterranean theater of war.
  • 1945 U.S. Air Raid on Taipei during World War II: On May 31, 1945, during the final stages of World War II, United States military aircraft conducted a strategic bombing raid on Taipei, then part of Japanese-occupied Taiwan. The raid was part of the broader Allied campaign to weaken Japanese military infrastructure and capabilities in the Pacific theater. Despite careful targeting protocols aimed at minimizing civilian casualties, the bombing resulted in significant loss of life, with thousands of local residents killed or wounded. This operation highlighted the intense aerial warfare that characterized the Pacific campaign in the final months of World War II.
  • 1946 Greek Monarchy Referendum: On May 31, 1946, Greece held a national referendum that supported the restoration of the monarchy, a significant political event in the post-World War II period that reflected the country's complex political landscape and public sentiment towards monarchical governance.
  • 1947 Communist Takeover in Hungary: Ferenc Nagy, the democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary, is forced to resign from office after intense political pressure and blackmail from the Hungarian Communist Party. The Communists accused Nagy of participating in a plot against the state, effectively using this pretext to consolidate their political control over the Hungarian government, marking a significant moment in the post-World War II political transformation of Eastern Europe.
  • 1948 Korean National Assembly Establishes First Government: The Korean National Assembly convened in Seoul for the first time and elected Syngman Rhee as its chairman, marking a pivotal moment in Korea's post-World War II political reconstruction and path to independence.
  • 1949 Alger Hiss Perjury Trial Begins: The first trial of Alger Hiss for perjury commences in New York City, with Whittaker Chambers serving as the principal witness for the prosecution. This high-profile case would become a significant moment in Cold War-era American political history, involving allegations of communist espionage.
  • 1950 Israeli Border Migration Incident: In a controversial move, the Israeli military forcibly transported 120 illegal immigrants to the Jordanian border in the Wadi Araba desert, compelling them to cross into Jordan. This action reflected the complex geopolitical and migration challenges of the early Israeli state.
  • 1951 Uniform Code of Military Justice Established: The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) was officially implemented, providing a standardized legal framework for the United States Armed Forces. This comprehensive legal system replaced previous military justice procedures, establishing consistent rules, rights, and judicial processes for military personnel across all branches of service.
  • 1952 Eisenhower Retires from Active Military Service: General Dwight D. Eisenhower officially retired from active service in the United States Army, marking the end of a distinguished military career that included leading the Allied forces during World War II.
  • 1953 Lebanese Government Disbanded: Lebanese President Camille Shamun dissolved the existing government, signaling a potential political transition or crisis in Lebanon.
  • 1954 Fatal Aircraft Crash in Brazilian Mountains: A Douglas C-47A-80-DL Skytrain, operated by Transportes Aéreos Nacionales, tragically crashed into Mount Cipó in the Serra do Cipó Mountains. The accident resulted in the loss of all 19 passengers and crew, highlighting the aviation safety challenges of the mid-1950s.
  • 1955 Brown v. Board of Education: School Desegregation Order: The U.S. Supreme Court expanded on its landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision by ordering district courts and school districts to enforce educational desegregation 'with all deliberate speed', a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement that mandated the integration of public schools across the United States.
  • 1956 Mickey Mantle's Near-Legendary Home Run at Yankee Stadium: During a baseball game at Yankee Stadium, Mickey Mantle hit a powerful home run that dramatically missed clearing the stadium's roof by just 18 inches, showcasing his incredible batting strength and near-mythical hitting prowess.
  • 1957 British Nuclear Test at Christmas Island: On May 31, 1957, Great Britain conducted a significant atmospheric nuclear weapons test at Christmas Island (now Kiritimati) in the Pacific Ocean. This test was part of the United Kingdom's nuclear weapons development program during the Cold War era, demonstrating Britain's emerging nuclear capabilities.
  • 1958 US Nuclear Test at Bikini Atoll: The United States conducted an atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Atoll, part of the ongoing nuclear weapons testing program during the Cold War era. These tests had significant environmental and geopolitical implications, raising concerns about radioactive contamination and nuclear proliferation.
  • 1959 Record-Breaking Memorial Day Weekend Fatalities: The 1959 Memorial Day Weekend tragically set a new record for accidental deaths, with 460 fatalities reported nationwide. This alarming statistic highlighted growing concerns about public safety during holiday periods, particularly related to traffic accidents, recreational mishaps, and other unintentional fatal incidents.
  • 1961 Republic of South Africa Established: The South African Constitution of 1961 becomes effective, establishing the Republic of South Africa. The new republic remains outside the Commonwealth of Nations until 1 June 1994, when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership.
  • 1962 Execution of Adolf Eichmann: Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann is executed by hanging at a prison in Ramla, Israel. Following his execution, his body is cremated and his ashes are scattered in the Mediterranean Sea. Eichmann was a key architect of the Holocaust and was responsible for organizing the deportation and murder of millions of Jews during World War II.
  • 1963 Popular Music in 1963: On May 31, 1963, the music charts reflected the evolving pop culture of the early 1960s. In the United States, 'It's My Party' by Lesley Gore topped the charts, while in the United Kingdom, The Beatles' 'From Me To You' held the number one spot, signaling the rising popularity of the band that would soon revolutionize popular music.
  • 1964 First Pied Piper Murder: Charles Schmid commits his first murder, killing a 15-year-old girl. This marked the beginning of a notorious serial killing spree that would shock the community and become known as the 'Pied Piper' murders.
  • 1965 Fukuoka Coal Mine Disaster: A devastating coal mine explosion in Fukuoka, Japan resulted in the tragic loss of 237 lives, marking one of the deadliest mining accidents in Japanese history.
  • 1966 Philippines-Malaysia Diplomatic Relations Restored: On May 31, 1966, the Philippines officially reestablished diplomatic relations with Malaysia, marking a significant diplomatic reconciliation between the two Southeast Asian nations after a period of tension.
  • 1968 Manchester United Wins European Cup: In a historic match at Wembley Stadium in London, Manchester United defeats Benfica 4-1 in the European Cup Final. Bobby Charlton's two goals help the team become the first English club to win the prestigious European championship, marking a significant milestone in British football history.
  • 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono Record Iconic Peace Anthem: John Lennon and Yoko Ono record 'Give Peace a Chance', the first single recorded by a solo Beatle, from their hotel bed during their famous Montreal 'Bed-In' protest for peace.
  • 1970 Ancash Earthquake in Peru: On May 31, 1970, a catastrophic magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck Peru, causing massive destruction in the Ancash and La Libertad regions. The earthquake triggered a devastating debris avalanche of rock, ice, and mud that completely buried the town of Yungay, which had a population of approximately 20,000 people. The disaster resulted in approximately 50,000 confirmed deaths, 20,000 people missing, and around 150,000 injuries, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in South American history.
  • 1971 Bangladesh Independence Declaration: The government in exile officially declares the birth of Bangladesh, marking its separation from Pakistan during a significant geopolitical transformation.
  • 1972 CORONA Spy Satellite Program Concludes: The United States concludes its groundbreaking CORONA spy satellite program with its 145th and final mission, successfully recovering exposed film. This marked the end of a critical Cold War-era intelligence gathering initiative that provided unprecedented aerial reconnaissance capabilities.
  • 1973 US Senate Halts Cambodia Bombing: The United States Senate voted to cut off funding for bombing Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia, a pivotal decision that significantly contributed to hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War and marking a turning point in US foreign policy.
  • 1974 Syria-Israel Disengagement Agreement: Syria and Israel sign a diplomatic agreement to resolve tensions following the Yom Kippur War, marking a significant step towards reducing regional conflict in the Middle East.
  • 1975 The Isley Brothers Release 'Fight the Power': The Isley Brothers released their influential single 'Fight the Power' on May 31, 1975, which was later recognized as the Billboard Song of the Year, marking a significant moment in funk and soul music history.
  • 1976 Ronald Reagan's Texas Primary Victory: Former California Governor Ronald Reagan scored a significant political victory by defeating incumbent U.S. President Gerald Ford in the Texas primary, winning the state's 96 delegates. This win was a crucial moment in Reagan's path to becoming the Republican presidential nominee.
  • 1977 Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Completed: The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System was completed, connecting the oil fields of Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska with the harbor at Valdez, spanning approximately 800 miles (1,300 km). This massive infrastructure project was crucial for transporting Alaskan oil and represented a significant milestone in U.S. energy infrastructure development.
  • 1978 Funeral of Pope Paul VI: The funeral of Pope Paul VI took place, marking the end of his significant papacy which spanned from 1963 to 1978. Pope Paul VI was instrumental in implementing reforms of the Second Vatican Council and played a crucial role in modernizing the Catholic Church.
  • 1979 Zimbabwe Proclaims Independence: On May 31, 1979, Zimbabwe officially proclaimed its independence, marking a significant moment in the country's political history and transition from colonial rule.
  • 1980 Civil Unrest in Zurich: Intense confrontations erupted between local police forces and youth protesters in Zurich, Switzerland, highlighting social tensions and generational conflicts.
  • 1981 Burning of Jaffna Library: A tragic and significant event of ethnic violence in Sri Lanka, where the Jaffna Public Library was deliberately set on fire, resulting in the destruction of thousands of irreplaceable Tamil historical documents, books, and manuscripts. This act of biblioclasm was a devastating blow to Tamil cultural heritage and symbolized the deep-rooted ethnic tensions between Tamils and Sinhalese during the Sri Lankan Civil War period.
  • 1982 The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas Broadway Premiere: The musical comedy 'The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas', based on a true story about the famous Chicken Ranch brothel in Texas, opened at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in New York City. The production ran for 63 performances, bringing a satirical and humorous take on a controversial subject to Broadway audiences.
  • 1983 Philadelphia 76ers Win NBA Championship: The Philadelphia 76ers clinched their 37th NBA Championship by sweeping the Los Angeles Lakers in a decisive four-game series. Led by legendary players like Julius Erving (Dr. J), the 76ers demonstrated exceptional teamwork and skill in dominating the Lakers and securing the title.
  • 1984 US Nuclear Test at Nevada Site: The United States conducted a nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site, continuing Cold War-era nuclear weapons development and testing programs. These tests were part of ongoing strategic and technological military research.
  • 1985 1985 United States-Canadian Tornado Outbreak: A catastrophic tornado outbreak struck the Northeastern United States and Southern Canada, causing unprecedented destruction. A total of 41 tornadoes tracked across Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, with the most devastating tornado being an F5 that touched down in eastern Portage County. This outbreak was the deadliest in Pennsylvania's history, resulting in 76 fatalities and over $700 million in damage. The tornadoes caused widespread devastation, destroying communities and infrastructure across multiple states and provinces.
  • 1986 1986 FIFA World Cup Begins in Mexico: The 1986 FIFA World Cup kicked off in Mexico, marking a significant moment in international soccer history. This tournament would later be remembered for Diego Maradona's legendary performances, including the infamous 'Hand of God' goal against England.
  • 1987 Edmonton Oilers Win Stanley Cup: The Edmonton Oilers defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 4 games to 3 in the Stanley Cup Finals, clinching the championship at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. This victory marked another significant moment in the Oilers' dynasty of the 1980s.
  • 1988 Reagan's Historic Moscow University Speech: During his landmark visit to the Soviet Union, U.S. President Ronald Reagan delivered a significant address to 600 students at Moscow State University. This speech was a pivotal moment in Cold War diplomacy, symbolizing the potential for dialogue and understanding between the United States and the Soviet Union. Reagan spoke about freedom, democracy, and the potential for peaceful coexistence, challenging Soviet ideology while simultaneously extending a message of hope and mutual respect.
  • 1989 Jim Wright Resigns as US House Speaker: Jim Wright, the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, resigned amid an ethics scandal, marking a significant moment in US political history.
  • 1990 Seinfeld TV Series Premiere: The pilot episode of Seinfeld, titled 'Seinfeld Chronicles', premiered on NBC, marking the beginning of one of the most iconic sitcoms in television history. Starring Jerry Seinfeld, the show would go on to revolutionize comedy television with its unique observational humor and quirky characters.
  • 1991 Bicesse Accords: Angola's Path to Democracy: The Bicesse Accords were signed, establishing a comprehensive framework for Angola's transition to multi-party democracy, with the United Nations' UNAVEM II peacekeeping mission providing critical supervision and support.
  • 1992 UN Imposes Sanctions on Yugoslavia: The United Nations voted to implement economic sanctions against Serb-led Yugoslavia in an effort to halt the ongoing conflict in the Balkans during the Yugoslav Wars.
  • 1993 Devastating Quetta Earthquake: On May 31, 1993, a catastrophic earthquake struck Quetta, Pakistan, causing massive destruction and resulting in approximately 40,000 fatalities. The seismic event was one of the deadliest natural disasters in Pakistan's modern history, completely devastating the urban infrastructure and causing widespread humanitarian crisis.
  • 1994 Notable Deaths: Several notable figures passed away on this date, including a Turkish actor/producer/composer (born 1969), an Italian-American soprano (born 1909), and a British screenwriter/director (aged 86).
  • 1995 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building Demolition: In the aftermath of the devastating Oklahoma City bombing, the remains of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building were strategically imploded. This marked a significant moment in the healing process for the community following the tragic terrorist attack that occurred earlier that year.
  • 1996 Benjamin Netanyahu Elected Prime Minister of Israel: Benjamin Netanyahu was elected as the Prime Minister of Israel, marking a significant shift in the country's political landscape. This election represented a pivotal moment in Israeli politics, with Netanyahu leading the Likud party to victory and becoming a key figure in the nation's governance.
  • 1997 Iraq Disarmament Crisis Escalation: Tensions escalated during the Iraq disarmament crisis when Iraqi military personnel attempted to physically prevent an UNSCOM helicopter pilot from flying to a planned destination, creating a dangerous situation that threatened the safety of the aircraft and its crew.
  • 1998 Historic May 1998 Tornado Outbreak and Derecho: A significant severe weather event spanning May 30-31, 1998, which impacted the northern United States and southern Ontario. The outbreak was characterized by 60 confirmed tornadoes, with the most devastating being the Spencer, South Dakota tornado that resulted in six fatalities and 150 injuries. The accompanying derecho caused extensive infrastructure damage, leading to over 2 million power outages, with some regions experiencing power disruptions for up to 10 days.
  • 1999 Olusegun Obasanjo Elected President of Nigeria: Olusegun Obasanjo is elected as the first civilian President of Nigeria, marking the end of 16 years of military rule. This historic election represented a significant transition from military dictatorship to democratic governance, symbolizing a new era of political reform and democratic process in Nigeria.
  • 2000 Survivor TV Show Premieres: The groundbreaking reality competition show 'Survivor', hosted by Jeff Probst, made its debut on CBS. This television program would go on to revolutionize the reality TV genre, introducing a format of strategic gameplay, social dynamics, and elimination challenges that would influence numerous subsequent reality shows.
  • 2001 Political Leadership in US and UK: On May 31, 2001, the United States was led by President George W. Bush, a Republican, while the United Kingdom was governed by Prime Minister Tony Blair of the Labour Party. This period represented a significant moment in transatlantic political relations, with both leaders known for their close diplomatic partnership.
  • 2002 2002 FIFA World Cup Begins in South Korea and Japan: The 2002 FIFA World Cup officially commenced, marking a historic moment as the first World Cup co-hosted by two Asian nations, South Korea and Japan. This tournament would become memorable for its unique location and exciting matches.
  • 2003 President Bush Visits Auschwitz: U.S. President George W. Bush visited the former Auschwitz death camp, becoming only the second president after Gerald Ford to do so since 1975. The visit was a significant moment of historical remembrance and reflection on the Holocaust.
  • 2004 Memorial Day Presidential Address on War on Terror: On Memorial Day, President George W. Bush commemorated fallen military personnel and highlighted the removal of 'two terror regimes' in Iraq and Afghanistan, while acknowledging the rising U.S. military casualties, which had surpassed 1,000 at that point.
  • 2005 Deep Throat Reveals Identity in Watergate Scandal: W. Mark Felt, a former FBI official, publicly admits in Vanity Fair magazine that he was the anonymous source 'Deep Throat' who played a crucial role in exposing the Watergate scandal during the Nixon administration.
  • 2006 US Considers Iran Nuclear Negotiations: Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice signals potential shift in US foreign policy, suggesting the possibility of joining direct negotiations with Iran regarding its nuclear program.
  • 2007 Pro-Taliban Insurgent Attack in Pakistan: Approximately 100 pro-Taliban insurgents attacked a government official's residence in northwest Pakistan, killing 13 people and highlighting regional instability.
  • 2008 Usain Bolt Sets 100m World Record: Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt achieved a groundbreaking world record of 9.72 seconds in the 100-metre sprint at the Reebok Grand Prix, held at Icahn Stadium in New York. This performance was wind-legal with a +1.7 m/s wind speed, marking a significant milestone in track and field history.
  • 2009 Death of Last Titanic Survivor: Millvina Dean, the last known survivor of the RMS Titanic disaster, passed away in Southampton, England at the age of 97. She was just nine weeks old when the ship sank in 1912, making her the youngest passenger to survive the historic maritime tragedy.
  • 2010 Gaza Flotilla Raid: Israeli Navy Intercepts Aid Ships: Israeli marines intercepted six ships carrying humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, storming a Turkish aid vessel and resulting in the death of at least nine pro-Palestinian Turkish activists. The incident occurred in international waters, with Israeli forces claiming self-defense against potential attacks.
  • 2011 Arab Spring: Yemen and Libya Conflict Escalation: A critical moment in the Arab Spring where tensions escalated in Yemen and Libya. The breakdown of a truce between President Ali Abdullah Saleh's government and opposing tribal groups increased the likelihood of civil war. In Yemen, over 50 people were killed in regime attacks on Ta'izz civilians, prompting Italy to close its embassy. Meanwhile, in Libya, talks between South African President Jacob Zuma and Muammar Gaddafi ended without resolution, with over 100 Libyan soldiers defecting. NATO subsequently launched air strikes, resulting in significant civilian casualties.
  • 2012 SpaceX Dragon Capsule Mission: SpaceX's unmanned Dragon capsule successfully completed its demonstration mission to the International Space Station, returning safely to Earth and landing in the Pacific Ocean.
  • 2013 Record-Breaking El Reno Tornado Devastates Oklahoma: A historic tornado with an unprecedented width of 2.6 miles struck near El Reno, Oklahoma, causing significant destruction. The storm resulted in eight fatalities, including three professional storm chasers, and over 150 injuries, marking it as one of the most destructive tornadoes in recent U.S. history.
  • 2014 US Secretary of Defense Criticizes China's Maritime Behavior: Chuck Hagel, then US Secretary of Defense, accused the People's Republic of China of 'destabilizing behavior' in the South China Sea, reflecting growing tensions in the region's geopolitical landscape.
  • 2015 Nepal Earthquake Aftermath: Following the devastating April 2015 earthquake that destroyed over 25,000 classrooms and claimed more than 8,000 lives, Nepal has begun the process of educational recovery by reopening thousands of schools, demonstrating resilience in the face of catastrophic destruction.
  • 2016 Global Slavery Index Report: A Global Slavery Index report revealed that 45.8 million people worldwide are born into slavery, forced labor, debt bondage, or human trafficking. India was reported to have an estimated 18.4 million slaves, while North Korea had the highest percentage at 4.4%.
  • 2017 Kabul Bombing Near German Embassy: A devastating car bomb exploded in a crowded intersection in Kabul near the German embassy during rush hour, resulting in a massive loss of life and numerous injuries. The attack targeted a highly secure area in the city center, causing widespread destruction and chaos.
  • 2018 US Imposes Steel Tariffs: The United States announced 25% tariffs on steel imports from Canada, Mexico, and the European Union, marking a significant escalation in international trade tensions.
  • 2019 Virginia Beach Municipal Building Shooting: A tragic mass shooting occurred at the Virginia Beach municipal building, resulting in the deaths of 12 victims and the shooter, with four others injured. The incident shocked the community and reignited national discussions about gun violence.
  • 2020 Global COVID-19 Pandemic Milestone: The worldwide confirmed cases of COVID-19 surpassed six million, with the United States serving as the global epicenter, accounting for approximately 29% of all reported cases. This marked a significant moment in the global pandemic's progression, highlighting the severe impact of the virus on international public health.
  • 2021 Danish Intelligence Spying Scandal Revealed: Denmark's public broadcaster DR exposed a significant intelligence breach, revealing that the Danish Defence Intelligence Service collaborated with the U.S. National Security Agency to conduct surveillance on European leaders, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel, between 2012 and 2014. This revelation raised serious concerns about international diplomatic trust and privacy.
  • 2022 Russia-Ukraine Conflict's Economic Impact on Africa: As African countries struggle to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict presents another significant economic challenge, directly affecting multiple nations and potentially exacerbating existing socio-economic vulnerabilities.
  • 2023 UN Honors International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia: The United Nations commended the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) upon delivering its final judgment, which included increased prison sentences for two former top Serbian security officials, marking a significant moment in international justice.

What Is special about May 31?

May 31 is notable for a variety of important historical, cultural, and significant events, including famous birthdays and deaths, holidays and more. Find out everything about May 31.