Major Events of 1979: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll explore the most significant occurrences from 1979, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

Major Events of 1979 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year

01 Jan US-China Diplomatic Relations Established: The United States and the People's Republic of China officially establish diplomatic relations, ending decades of diplomatic isolation and marking a pivotal moment in Cold War geopolitics.
02 Jan Oklahoma Triumphs in Orange Bowl: In a thrilling college football matchup, the #4 ranked Oklahoma Sooners defeat the #6 ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers 31-24 in the 45th Orange Bowl, showcasing a high-stakes game between two powerhouse teams.
04 Jan Kent State University Shooting Settlement: The State of Ohio reached an out-of-court settlement, agreeing to pay $675,000 to the families of victims killed and injured during the Kent State University shootings. This landmark settlement addressed the tragic events of May 4, 1970, when Ohio National Guard troops fired on unarmed student protesters, killing four students and wounding nine others during an anti-Vietnam War demonstration.
05 Jan Death of Jazz Legend Charles Mingus: Charles Mingus, a pioneering American jazz musician renowned for his innovative double bass playing, composing, and bandleading, passed away at age 56. His musical style was deeply rooted in hard bop, drawing significant inspiration from black gospel music and blues traditions. His final artistic project was a collaborative album 'Mingus' with folk singer Joni Mitchell, showcasing his continued musical creativity until the end of his life.
06 Jan Village People's 'Y.M.C.A.' Reaches UK #1: The iconic disco group Village People achieved a significant musical milestone when their hit song 'Y.M.C.A.' became their first and only UK number one single. At the height of its popularity, the single was selling an extraordinary 150,000 copies per day, demonstrating the massive cultural impact of disco music in the late 1970s.
07 Jan Fall of Phnom Penh to Vietnamese Forces: On January 7, 1979, Vietnamese troops captured Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, effectively ending the brutal Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot. This pivotal moment marked a significant turning point in the Third Indochina War and represented the end of one of the most horrific periods in Cambodian history.
08 Jan Vietnamese Troops Capture Phnom Penh: Vietnamese military forces overtake the Khmer Rouge and occupy Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, marking a significant moment in the Cambodian-Vietnamese War and the end of the Khmer Rouge regime.
09 Jan Supreme Court Abortion Rights Decision: In a landmark 6-3 decision, the US Supreme Court struck down a Pennsylvania law that required doctors performing abortions to attempt preserving the lives of potentially viable fetuses, marking a significant moment in reproductive rights jurisprudence.
10 Jan Billy Carter's Controversial Remarks: President Jimmy Carter's brother, Billy Carter, made allegedly anti-Semitic remarks that drew significant media attention and public scrutiny, potentially causing political embarrassment for the Carter administration.
11 Jan Village People's YMCA Tops UK Charts: The iconic disco anthem 'YMCA' by The Village People claimed the number one spot on the UK music charts, symbolizing the global reach of the disco music phenomenon.
12 Jan Khomeini Forms Revolutionary Council: Ayatollah Khomeini, while in exile in Paris, established the Revolutionary Council to coordinate the political transition in Iran. This strategic move was a crucial step in the Iranian Revolution that would dramatically reshape the country's political landscape.
13 Jan YMCA Files Libel Lawsuit Against Village People: The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) initiated a legal action against the Village People for their popular song 'YMCA', alleging potential damage to the organization's reputation through the song's interpretation and cultural impact.
14 Jan Carter Proposes MLK Holiday: US President Jimmy Carter officially proposed making Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday a federal holiday, a significant step in recognizing the civil rights leader's monumental contributions to American society and racial equality.
15 Jan Shah of Iran Flees During Islamic Revolution: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, facing mounting pressure from revolutionary forces, flees Iran with his family, seeking refuge in Egypt. This marks a critical moment in the Iranian Revolution, signaling the imminent collapse of the Pahlavi dynasty and the eventual establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
16 Jan Iranian Revolution: The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt.
17 Jan Shah Flees Iran During Revolution: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled Iran, marking a critical moment in the Iranian Revolution. His departure signaled the imminent collapse of the Pahlavi dynasty and paved the way for Ayatollah Khomeini's return and the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
18 Jan A Walk Across America Completed: Peter Jenkins successfully concludes his remarkable transcontinental journey, walking across the United States and reaching Florence, Oregon. His trek was a significant personal and cultural exploration that captured the imagination of many Americans, documenting the diverse landscapes and people encountered during his cross-country walk.
19 Jan John N. Mitchell Paroled from Federal Prison: John N. Mitchell, former U.S. Attorney General under President Richard Nixon, was released on parole from a federal prison in Alabama after serving 19 months. Mitchell was a key figure in the Watergate scandal and had been convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury related to the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
20 Jan Iranian Revolution: Mass Demonstration for Khomeini: On January 20, 1979, approximately one million Iranians gathered in Tehran to demonstrate overwhelming support for Ayatollah Khomeini, the exiled fundamentalist Muslim leader who would soon return and lead the Iranian Revolution, dramatically transforming the country's political and social landscape.
21 Jan Super Bowl XIII: Steelers Triumph: The Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Dallas Cowboys 35-31 in an electrifying Super Bowl match at Miami, Florida. Quarterback Terry Bradshaw is named Most Valuable Player, showcasing his exceptional performance.
22 Jan Deng Xiaoping's Historic U.S. Visit: Deng Xiaoping arrived in Washington, D.C., marking the first visit of a paramount leader from the People's Republic of China to the United States. This diplomatic milestone represented a crucial moment in Sino-American relations, signaling a significant thaw in Cold War tensions and paving the way for future economic and political cooperation.
23 Jan Willie Mays Inducted into Baseball Hall of Fame: Willie Mays, one of the most legendary and iconic players in Major League Baseball history, was unanimously elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame on January 23, 1979. Known as the 'Say Hey Kid', Mays was celebrated for his extraordinary skills in both hitting and fielding, and is widely considered one of the greatest all-around baseball players of all time.
24 Jan US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
25 Jan Pope John Paul II's First International Papal Visit: Pope John Paul II embarked on his inaugural overseas papal journey, visiting The Bahamas, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. This historic trip marked a significant moment in his pontificate, signaling a more globally engaged Catholic Church and setting the stage for his future international diplomatic missions.
26 Jan India Celebrates Republic Day: India commemorated its Republic Day, a national holiday marking the date in 1950 when the Constitution of India came into effect, symbolizing the country's transition to a sovereign, democratic republic.
27 Jan 36th Golden Globe Awards Highlights: The 36th Golden Globe Awards celebrated outstanding achievements in film, with notable winners including the movie 'Midnight Express', and performances by actors Jon Voight and Jane Fonda. The event recognized significant contributions to cinema during the late 1970s.
28 Jan Deng Xiaoping's Historic US Visit: Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China, arrives in Washington, D.C., marking the first visit of a top Chinese leader to the United States. This diplomatic milestone signaled a significant thaw in Sino-American relations during the Cold War era.
29 Jan Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns triumphantly to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution that would dramatically reshape the country's political landscape.
30 Jan Rhodesia's Constitutional Transition: Rhodesia, on the brink of significant political transformation, agrees to adopt a new constitution, signaling a critical moment in the country's path towards eventual independence and renaming as Zimbabwe.
31 Jan US-China Diplomatic Normalization: On January 31, 1979, Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and President Jimmy Carter signed historic diplomatic agreements, officially normalizing diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. This landmark event marked the end of nearly three decades of diplomatic isolation and represented a significant geopolitical shift during the Cold War era, opening new channels for communication, trade, and cultural exchange between the two nations.
01 Feb Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns triumphantly to Tehran after nearly 15 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution. His return signaled a dramatic shift in Iran's political landscape and set the stage for the overthrow of the Shah's regime.
02 Feb Death of Sid Vicious: Sid Vicious (born John Simon Ritchie), the iconic bassist of the punk rock band Sex Pistols, died of a heroin overdose in New York City at the young age of 31. His death symbolized the destructive lifestyle often associated with the punk rock movement of the late 1970s.
03 Feb Iranian Revolution: Khomeini Establishes Revolutionary Council: Ayatollah Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution, a pivotal moment in Iran's political transformation that would reshape the country's governance and international relations.
04 Feb UK Billboard Number 1 Song: 'Heart Of Glass' by Blondie reached the top of the UK music charts, highlighting the band's rising popularity and the new wave music genre.
05 Feb Sears Radio Theater Debut: The Sears Radio Theater made its premiere on CBS, introducing a new entertainment format to audiences.
06 Feb Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Death Sentence Upheld: The Supreme Court of Lahore, Pakistan, affirmed the death sentence against former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, marking a critical moment in Pakistani political history. This judicial decision effectively sealed the fate of the prominent political leader, who had been convicted of murder.
07 Feb Iranian Political Upheaval: Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar resigns after losing support of the military, signaling the growing instability in Iran preceding the Islamic Revolution.
08 Feb Portugal Establishes Diplomatic Relations with China: Portugal officially established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, a significant diplomatic milestone following the end of Portugal's colonial presence near mainland China.
09 Feb Death of Dennis Gabor: Dennis Gabor, a renowned Hungarian physicist and Nobel Prize laureate, passed away. He was best known for inventing holography in 1947, a groundbreaking technique in optical technology.
10 Feb Iranian Army Mutiny During Islamic Revolution: On February 11, 1979, the Iranian army mutinied and joined the Islamic Revolution, signaling a critical turning point in Iran's political transformation. This event marked a decisive moment where military forces abandoned their loyalty to the Shah and aligned with revolutionary forces led by Ayatollah Khomeini.
11 Feb Iranian Revolution: Khomeini Seizes Power: In a pivotal moment of political transformation, Iran's premier Shapour Bakhtiar resigns, allowing Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to seize power and fundamentally reshape the country's political landscape. The Iranian military steps aside, enabling the establishment of an Islamic theocracy that would dramatically alter Iran's governance and international relations.
12 Feb Battle of N'Djamena in Chad: Prime Minister Hissène Habré initiated a military offensive known as the Battle of N'Djamena, attempting to overthrow President Félix Malloum in a significant political and military confrontation in Chad.
13 Feb Tragic Kidnapping of US Ambassador in Afghanistan: In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnapped the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs. During a dramatic confrontation, Dubs was killed in a gunfight between his kidnappers and local police, marking a significant diplomatic incident during the tumultuous period of Soviet influence in Afghanistan.
14 Feb Kidnapping and Death of U.S. Ambassador Adolph Dubs in Kabul: In a tragic diplomatic incident, U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Adolph Dubs was kidnapped by Setami Milli militants in Kabul. The situation escalated when a gunfight erupted between the kidnappers and local police, resulting in the ambassador's death. This event highlighted the volatile political climate in Afghanistan during the late 1970s.
15 Feb Warsaw Bank Explosion Tragedy: A devastating suspected gas explosion in a Warsaw bank resulted in the tragic loss of 49 lives, causing significant shock and mourning in Poland.
16 Feb Soviet Nuclear Test in Kazakhstan: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test at the Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk Test Site, continuing their Cold War-era nuclear weapons development program.
17 Feb Eric Heiden equals skating world record 1000 metre (1:14.99).
18 Feb Rare Snowfall in Sahara Desert: A remarkable meteorological event occurs as snow falls in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria, a phenomenon unprecedented in recorded history.
19 Feb President's Day Storm of 1979: A historic and powerful snowstorm struck the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, causing unprecedented snowfall and severe weather conditions. The storm significantly disrupted transportation, infrastructure, and daily life across multiple states.
20 Feb Shankill Butchers Sentenced: On February 20, 1979, a significant legal proceeding took place when 11 members of a notorious loyalist paramilitary group known as the 'Shankill Butchers' were sentenced to life imprisonment. These individuals were convicted for a series of 19 brutal murders during the Northern Ireland conflict, representing a crucial moment in addressing sectarian violence.
21 Feb Tanzania-Uganda Conflict: During the Uganda-Tanzania War, Tanzanian forces successfully routed Ugandan troops from the hill country and captured the strategic town of Mbarara, marking a significant military advancement in the conflict.
22 Feb Saint Lucia Gains Independence: Saint Lucia officially gained independence from the United Kingdom, marking a significant milestone in its political history as a sovereign Caribbean nation. This event represented the end of British colonial rule and the beginning of self-governance for the island state.
23 Feb First African American Marine Corps General Appointed: Frank Peterson Jr. made history by becoming the first Black general in the United States Marine Corps, breaking significant racial barriers in military leadership.
24 Feb North Yemen-South Yemen War Erupts: A significant conflict breaks out between North Yemen and South Yemen, marking a critical moment in the regional geopolitical landscape of the Arabian Peninsula. The war highlights the complex political tensions and territorial disputes between the two Yemeni states during the late 1970s.
25 Feb Soyuz 32 Mission to Salyut 6 Space Station: On February 25, 1979, the Soviet Union launched Soyuz 32, a spacecraft carrying two cosmonauts to the Salyut 6 space station. This mission was part of the ongoing Soviet space exploration program, which aimed to establish long-duration human presence in low Earth orbit and conduct scientific research in space.
26 Feb Total Solar Eclipse of 1979: The last total solar eclipse of the 20th century for the continental United States occurred, marking a significant astronomical event. This rare celestial phenomenon provided a spectacular view for observers in the region.
27 Feb New Orleans Mardi Gras Canceled by Police Strike: In an unprecedented move, the annual Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, Louisiana was canceled due to a labor dispute involving the city's police department. This rare interruption of the iconic festival highlighted tensions between city officials and law enforcement, disrupting a deeply cherished cultural tradition that typically draws thousands of visitors to the city.
28 Feb Significant Earthquake in Alaska: A powerful magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck Mt. Saint Elias in Alaska, causing potential geological disruption and seismic activity in the region.
01 Mar Scottish Devolution Referendum: A pivotal referendum was held in Scotland regarding home rule, which passed narrowly but was ultimately not implemented. Simultaneously, Wales voted against similar proposals, highlighting the complex political dynamics of British regional governance.
02 Mar British Ambassador Assassination in the Netherlands: Sir Richard Sykes, the British ambassador to the Netherlands, was assassinated in The Hague. This tragic event highlighted the diplomatic tensions and security risks faced by international diplomats during a period of political instability.
04 Mar Voyager I Discovers Jupiter's Rings: NASA's Voyager I space probe captured groundbreaking photographic evidence of rings around the planet Jupiter, expanding scientific understanding of planetary ring systems beyond Saturn.
05 Mar Voyager 1's Jupiter Flyby: NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft completed its closest approach to Jupiter, passing approximately 172,000 miles from the planet. This mission was a critical part of humanity's early deep space exploration efforts, providing unprecedented close-up images and scientific data about the gas giant.
07 Mar Significant Astronomical Observation: Scientists recorded the largest Magnetar (Soft Gamma Repeater) event, a rare and powerful astronomical phenomenon involving a highly magnetized neutron star emitting intense gamma-ray bursts.
08 Mar International Women's Day Protests in Tehran: Thousands of women participated in International Women's Day protests in Tehran, demonstrating against mandatory veiling during the Iranian Revolution, a significant moment in the struggle for women's rights.
09 Mar MLB Mandates Equal Access for Female Reporters: MLB Commissioner Bowie Kuhn issued a groundbreaking directive requiring Major League Baseball teams to provide equal access to female sports journalists in locker rooms and press areas, marking a significant step towards gender equality in sports media.
10 Mar Iran Withdraws from CENTO Alliance: Iran formally withdrew from the Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), a strategic alliance that included the United Kingdom, Pakistan, and Turkey. This withdrawal significantly weakened the geopolitical partnership, with Pakistan following suit the next day. By the end of the month, CENTO was effectively disbanded, leaving only two NATO members in the alliance. This event reflected the shifting political dynamics in the Middle East during the late 1970s, particularly in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution.
11 Mar Battle of Lukaya: Tanzanian Victory in Uganda: A decisive military engagement where Tanzanian troops achieved a significant victory over the Ugandan Army, substantially weakening Uganda's military capabilities during a regional conflict.
12 Mar Llandow Air Disaster: A catastrophic aviation tragedy occurred near Sigingstone, Wales, when a commercial aircraft crashed, resulting in the deaths of 80 passengers and crew. At the time, this incident was recorded as the world's deadliest air disaster, marking a significant moment in aviation safety history and prompting extensive investigations into the causes of the crash.
13 Mar European Monetary System Established: The European Monetary System (EMS) was established on this day, introducing the European Currency Unit (ECU) as a new monetary framework. This significant economic development aimed to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability among European countries.
14 Mar Hawker Siddeley Trident Crash in Beijing, China: A Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft crashed into a factory near Beijing, causing a catastrophic incident that resulted in at least 200 fatalities. The crash represents one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Chinese history during that period.
15 Mar European Monetary System Establishment: The European Monetary System (EMS) was established, introducing the European Currency Unit (ECU), a significant step towards European economic integration and monetary cooperation.
16 Mar Sino-Vietnamese War Concludes: The People's Liberation Army completed its military operation by withdrawing back across the border into China, effectively ending the Sino-Vietnamese War. This marked the conclusion of a brief but intense three-week conflict between China and Vietnam.
17 Mar Wales Wins Rugby Championship: Wales achieved a remarkable victory by defeating England 27-3 at the National Stadium in Cardiff, securing its second consecutive Five Nations Rugby Championship, its 21st outright title, and its fourth straight Triple Crown.
18 Mar Kurdish-Iranian Conflict in Sanandaj: Intense battles erupted between Kurdish forces and Iranian military in Sanandaj, Iran, reflecting the ongoing ethnic tensions and regional conflicts in the Iranian Kurdistan region during this period.
19 Mar C-SPAN Launches Live House of Representatives Broadcasts: On March 19, 1979, the U.S. House of Representatives began live television broadcasts through C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), marking a significant milestone in government transparency and public access to legislative proceedings.
20 Mar Carter Ends Neutron Bomb Program: U.S. President Jimmy Carter announced the termination of the neutron bomb program to the U.S. Senate. This decision was part of broader efforts to reduce nuclear weapon proliferation and mitigate potential warfare escalation.
21 Mar Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty Approval: The Egyptian Parliament unanimously voted to approve the historic peace treaty with Israel, marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in Middle Eastern relations. This landmark decision followed the Camp David Accords negotiated by President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, which aimed to establish peaceful relations between the two countries after decades of conflict.
22 Mar Israeli Parliament Approves Egypt Peace Treaty: The Israeli parliament voted to approve a historic peace treaty with Egypt, marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in Middle Eastern relations and potentially reducing tensions in the region.
23 Mar Iran Withdraws from CENTO: Iran formally withdrew from the Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), ending its strategic alliance with the United Kingdom, Pakistan, and Turkey. This diplomatic move signaled a significant shift in regional geopolitical relationships following the Iranian Revolution.
24 Mar Historic Hong Kong Governor's Visit to China: Murray MacLehose, the British Governor of Hong Kong, made the first official visit to the People's Republic of China by a Hong Kong governor, signaling a significant diplomatic breakthrough during the late Cold War era.
25 Mar Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty Signed: Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat signed the historic Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C., marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in Middle East relations and ending decades of conflict between the two nations.
26 Mar Camp David Peace Treaty Signing: The historic Camp David Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt was signed, marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in Middle Eastern relations. This landmark agreement, negotiated with the help of U.S. President Jimmy Carter, aimed to establish peace and normalize relations between two long-standing adversaries.
27 Mar US Supreme Court rules 8-1 that police can't randomly stop cars.
28 Mar Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident: A critical failure in the reactor cooling system at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Pennsylvania led to a partial nuclear meltdown. A pump malfunction caused the evaporation of contaminated cooling water, resulting in core overheating and the release of radioactive gases into the environment. The incident began at 4:00 a.m. and raised significant concerns about nuclear power safety.
29 Mar Quebecair Flight 255 Crash: A tragic aviation accident occurred when Quebecair Flight 255, a Fairchild F-27 turboprop aircraft, crashed at Quebec City airport, resulting in eleven fatalities.
30 Mar Iran Becomes Islamic Republic: Following the Iranian Revolution, the country officially transformed into an Islamic Republic through a national referendum, with an overwhelming 98% of voters supporting the change. This marked the end of the Shah's monarchy and the beginning of Ayatollah Khomeini's theocratic regime.
31 Mar Malta Gains Independence from British Rule: On March 31, 1979, the last British soldier departed from the Maltese Islands, marking a significant milestone in Malta's journey to complete sovereignty. This momentous occasion was celebrated as Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien), symbolizing the end of British colonial presence and the full independence of the Maltese nation. The departure of the British military signified Malta's transition to a fully self-governing state, free from foreign military occupation.
01 Apr Iran Becomes Islamic Republic: In a landmark referendum, Iran officially transforms its government into an Islamic Republic through a nationwide vote, with 98% of voters supporting the overthrow of the Shah's monarchy. This pivotal moment marks the end of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic theocratic state under Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership.
02 Apr Begin-Sadat Meeting in Cairo: Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin made a historic diplomatic visit to Cairo, Egypt, meeting with President Anwar Sadat. This meeting was part of the ongoing peace negotiations following the Camp David Accords, representing a significant moment in Middle Eastern diplomatic relations.
03 Apr Jane Byrne Becomes First Woman Mayor of Chicago: Jane M. Byrne, a Democrat, was elected as the first woman Mayor of Chicago, Illinois. Her election was historically significant as she broke the long-standing political tradition by being the first mayor in 46 years to come from outside the Bridgeport neighborhood.
04 Apr Execution of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan was executed by the military regime led by General Zia-ul-Haq after a controversial trial, marking a significant moment in Pakistan's political history. Bhutto, a prominent political leader who had previously served as both President and Prime Minister, was charged with authorizing the murder of a political opponent.
05 Apr Pol Pot Flees Cambodia: Pol Pot, the infamous leader of the Khmer Rouge regime responsible for the Cambodian Genocide, fled Cambodia amid growing political instability. This marked a significant moment in the country's tumultuous political history.
06 Apr Student Protests in Nepal: A significant wave of student protests erupted across Nepal, signaling growing political activism and potential social unrest in the country during the late 1970s.
07 Apr Ken Forsch's No-Hitter: Houston Astros pitcher Ken Forsch achieved a remarkable no-hitter against the Atlanta Braves, leading his team to a dominant 6-0 victory and showcasing his pitching excellence.
08 Apr China Joins International Olympic Committee: The People's Republic of China officially becomes a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), marking a significant diplomatic and sporting milestone in global athletics and international relations.
09 Apr Execution of Iranian Prime Minister Hoveyda: Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, the 60-year-old former Prime Minister of Iran who served from 1965 to 1977, was executed by firing squad at Qasr Prison in Tehran, marking a brutal moment in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution.
10 Apr Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak: A devastating series of 26 tornadoes swept across Texas, causing massive destruction and loss of life. 58 people were killed across four communities, with 44 fatalities in Wichita Falls alone. The weather system also produced additional thunderstorms and tornadoes on April 11, particularly in Arkansas, and intense rainfall over Mississippi and Alabama that led to the 1979 Easter flood - the worst disaster to hit Jackson, Mississippi in over a century.
11 Apr Margaret Thatcher Becomes UK's First Female Prime Minister: On April 11, 1979, Margaret Thatcher made history by becoming the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Her election marked a significant moment for women in politics and signaled the beginning of a transformative era in British political leadership, characterized by conservative economic policies and strong international diplomacy.
12 Apr Soyuz 33 Space Mission Return: The Soyuz 33 spacecraft successfully completed its mission and returned to Earth, marking an important moment in Soviet space exploration. The mission involved cosmonauts Georgi Ivanov and Nikolai Rukavishnikov, who had been part of an international space mission to the Salyut 6 space station.
13 Apr La Soufrière Volcano Eruption: The La Soufrière volcano erupted in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, causing significant geological disruption and potential environmental and humanitarian challenges for the local population.
14 Apr Liberian Rice Price Protest Turns Deadly: The Progressive Alliance of Liberia organized a protest against a government-proposed rice price increase. The unpermitted demonstration escalated into violent clashes between protesters and police, resulting in over 70 fatalities and more than 500 injuries. This event highlighted the significant economic tensions and public discontent with government policies in Liberia during the late 1970s.
15 Apr Devastating Yugoslavia Earthquake of 1979: A powerful magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck the southwestern coast of Yugoslavia and northern Albania, causing widespread destruction. The seismic event resulted in 156 confirmed fatalities, over 1,400 injuries, and left approximately 100,000 people homeless. The earthquake's impact was significant, with tremors felt across a broad region of Europe.
16 Apr Sam Shepard Wins Pulitzer Prize: Playwright Sam Shepard was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his groundbreaking play 'Buried Child', a significant achievement in American theater.
17 Apr Central African Empire School Uniform Massacre: A tragic incident occurred in the Central African Empire where schoolchildren were arrested and approximately 100 were killed while protesting against compulsory school uniforms. A subsequent African judicial commission concluded that Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa almost certainly participated in orchestrating this brutal suppression of student dissent.
18 Apr Tragic Schoolchildren Massacre in Central African Republic: A horrific incident occurred where approximately 100 schoolchildren, aged between 8 and 16 years, were brutally murdered after being arrested in four different regions of the Central African Republic, representing a severe human rights violation.
19 Apr High-Profile Murder Trials Capture Public Attention: Two significant criminal cases drew national media attention: the George Moscone/Harvey Milk murder trial in San Francisco and the ongoing Hillside Strangler case in Los Angeles, which created widespread public anxiety.
20 Apr Ixtoc I Oil Well Disaster Begins: The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well in the Bay of Campeche, Mexico, was opened on April 20, 1979. This well would later experience a catastrophic blowout in June, resulting in one of the most significant environmental disasters in petroleum exploration history, causing massive ecological damage and becoming a landmark event in environmental studies.
21 Apr Jane Byrne Becomes First Female Mayor of Chicago: Jane Byrne was elected as Mayor of Chicago, making history as the first woman to serve in that role. Her election was particularly significant as she broke the long-standing political tradition, becoming the first mayor in 46 years to emerge from outside the Bridgeport neighborhood, which had been a political stronghold in Chicago's South Side.
22 Apr Albert Einstein Memorial Unveiled: The Albert Einstein Memorial was officially unveiled at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, honoring one of the most influential scientists in human history.
23 Apr Death of Blair Peach During Anti-Nazi League Protest: On April 23, 1979, a violent confrontation erupted in London between the Anti-Nazi League protesters and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group. During the demonstration, protestor Blair Peach was fatally injured, highlighting the tensions surrounding anti-fascist activism and police response in late 1970s Britain.
24 Apr Rhodesian Bishop Muzorewa Wins General Election: On April 24, 1979, Bishop Abel Muzorewa won the general election in Rhodesia, marking a pivotal moment in the country's political transition. This election represented a critical step towards Zimbabwe's independence, with Muzorewa becoming the first Black leader of the nation after years of white minority rule.
25 Apr Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty Takes Effect: The historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, negotiated during the Camp David Accords, officially went into effect on April 25, 1979. This landmark agreement, signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, marked a significant milestone in Middle Eastern diplomacy, ending decades of conflict between the two nations and establishing formal diplomatic relations.
26 Apr Birth of Janne Warman, Finnish Musician: Janne Warman was born on April 26, 1979, in Finland. He would later become a renowned keyboardist and a founding member of the influential melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. Known for his exceptional keyboard skills and contributions to the Finnish metal music scene, Warman played a significant role in shaping the band's unique sound and style.
27 Apr Soviet Dissidents Exchange and Release: A significant human rights moment occurred when Soviet dissidents Alexandr Ginzburg, Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Valentin Moroz, and Georgy Vins were released from the Soviet Union. Ginzburg, who had been convicted of anti-Soviet agitation and sentenced to 8 years of hard labor in 1978, was part of a prisoner exchange that also saw Rudolf Chernyayev and Valdik Enger returned to the Soviet Union.
28 Apr President's Rule Imposed in Goa: On April 28, 1979, the Indian state of Goa, then a union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, was placed under President's rule. This administrative action typically indicates a breakdown of constitutional machinery in the state, requiring direct governance from the central government of India.
29 Apr First Crewed Solar-Powered Aircraft Flight: In a groundbreaking technological achievement, designer Larry Mauro successfully piloted the Solar Riser, marking the first flight of a crewed solar-powered aircraft. This historic moment represented a significant milestone in renewable energy and aviation technology, showcasing the potential of solar power in transportation.
30 Apr First Israeli Ship Traverses Suez Canal: On April 30, 1979, the Israeli freighter Ashdod made history by becoming the first Israeli vessel to navigate through Egypt's Suez Canal. This event symbolized a significant diplomatic and maritime milestone following the peace negotiations between Israel and Egypt.
01 May Greenland Achieves Limited Autonomy: Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) was granted limited autonomy from Denmark, establishing its own Parliament. The capital, previously known as Godthåb, was renamed Nuuk. Jonathan Motzfeldt was inaugurated as the first prime minister, serving for nearly 12 years. The 31-member Inatsisartut was sworn in as the first Greenlandic parliament.
02 May Quadrophenia Film Premiere in London: Quadrophenia, a groundbreaking film adaptation of The Who's iconic rock opera, made its debut in London. The movie, set in the 1960s mod and rocker subculture, starred Phil Daniels and Sting, and became a significant cultural touchstone for British youth culture and music history.
03 May Margaret Thatcher Becomes First Female British Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher of the Conservative Party won the United Kingdom general election on May 3, 1979, and became the first female Prime Minister in British history. Her election marked a significant moment in British political history, representing a breakthrough for women in leadership roles. Thatcher would go on to become the longest continuously serving British premier since 1827, fundamentally reshaping British politics and society during her tenure.
04 May Margaret Thatcher Becomes First Female UK Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed as the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. She succeeded James Callaghan after the Conservatives won the general election, marking a significant moment in British political history. After being invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, Thatcher went directly to 10 Downing Street to begin her tenure.
05 May Voyager 1 Completes Jupiter Flyby: NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft successfully passed Jupiter, continuing its groundbreaking interplanetary mission and capturing unprecedented scientific data about the solar system's largest planet.
06 May USSR Nuclear Test in Kazakhstan: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Eastern Kazakhstan, continuing its nuclear weapons development program during the Cold War era.
07 May 5th UNCTAD Conference Opens in Manila: The 5th United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) convened in Manila, Philippines, bringing together international delegates to discuss global economic policies, trade strategies, and development initiatives.
08 May El Salvador Police Massacre Demonstrators: In San Salvador, El Salvador, police violently suppressed an anti-government demonstration at the Metropolitan Cathedral, killing 22 protesters and wounding 38 others.
09 May SALT 2 Treaty Signed by US and USSR: The United States and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT 2) treaty, a significant diplomatic effort to limit and control nuclear weapons during the Cold War era. This agreement aimed to reduce the escalating nuclear arms race between the two superpowers.
10 May Dan White Sentencing Sparks San Francisco Riots: Dan White received a controversial light sentence for the murders of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, two prominent gay political figures. The lenient sentencing provoked significant riots in the city, highlighting tensions around LGBTQ+ rights and justice.
11 May Tragic Artillery Shell Incident in Lebanon: In a devastating tragedy during ongoing regional conflict, eight children aged 8 to 13 were killed in the village of Babiliye, located 7 miles south of Sidon, Lebanon. The children were fatally injured after becoming curious about a live artillery shell that had landed in their neighborhood during a violent clash between Christian militiamen and Palestinian guerrillas. This incident highlights the brutal and indiscriminate nature of conflict zones and their devastating impact on innocent civilians, particularly children.
12 May Soviet Union Modifies Berlin Blockade Status: The Soviet Union officially ended its blockade of Berlin, though the Western Allies' airlift operations continued to supply the city until September 17, 1979, ensuring continued access and demonstrating diplomatic resilience during the Cold War era.
13 May Iranian Shah Sentenced to Death: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, and his family were sentenced to death in Tehran following the Iranian Revolution. This marked a significant moment in the political upheaval that transformed Iran's governance and geopolitical standing.
14 May Jean Rhys Dies: Jean Rhys, a renowned Dominican-British novelist famous for her novel 'Wide Sargasso Sea', died on May 14, 1979. Her work was critically acclaimed for its exploration of colonial experiences and feminist perspectives.
15 May Margaret Thatcher Becomes First Female UK Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher, leader of Britain's Conservative Party, made history by becoming the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. After Prime Minister James Callaghan submitted his resignation to Queen Elizabeth II, Thatcher accepted the Queen's request to form a new government and immediately proceeded to 10 Downing Street, marking a significant milestone in British political history.
16 May Serial Killer Kampatimar Shankariya Arrested: Kampatimar Shankariya, a notorious Indian serial killer responsible for over 70 murders during 1977 and 1978, was apprehended by law enforcement, bringing an end to his reign of terror.
17 May Phillies beat Cubs, 23-22, on 50 hits with 11 HRs
18 May Iran Hostage Crisis Continues: The Iran hostage crisis persisted, with 52 American diplomats and citizens remaining captive in Tehran after being seized from the U.S. Embassy on November 4, 1979. This ongoing diplomatic standoff significantly strained U.S.-Iran relations and became a major political challenge for the Carter administration.
19 May Eric Clapton Marries Patti Boyd: Legendary rock guitarist Eric Clapton married Patti Boyd, a significant moment in rock music history and personal relationships.
20 May Birth of Football Stars: Two notable football players were born: Andrea Pirlo, an Italian midfielder known for his exceptional playmaking skills, and Diego Forlán, a Uruguayan striker renowned for his goal-scoring abilities.
21 May White Night Riots in San Francisco: Violent protests erupted in San Francisco following the controversial manslaughter conviction of Dan White for the assassinations of Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, highlighting significant tensions around LGBTQ+ rights and perceived judicial injustice.
22 May Iran Hostage Crisis Continues: The Iran hostage crisis persisted, with American diplomats still held captive in Tehran, representing a significant international diplomatic and geopolitical tension.
23 May Deadliest Aviation Accident in U.S. History: American Airlines Flight 191, a DC-10, crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, resulting in the tragic loss of 271 passengers and crew, plus 2 people on the ground. This catastrophic event became the most fatal aviation disaster in United States history at the time.
24 May Soviet Nuclear Test in Kazakhstan: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear weapons test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Eastern Kazakhstan, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development program.
25 May American Airlines Flight 191 Crash: A catastrophic aviation disaster occurred when American Airlines Flight 191, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, crashed during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. The crash resulted in the tragic loss of all 271 passengers and crew on board, as well as two people on the ground. This incident remains one of the most devastating aviation accidents in United States history, leading to significant changes in aircraft safety protocols and maintenance procedures.
26 May USS Nautilus Concludes Historic Nuclear Submarine Service: The USS Nautilus, a groundbreaking nuclear-powered submarine that revolutionized naval warfare and maritime technology, officially ended its remarkable 25-year service by arriving at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. As the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine, the Nautilus represented a significant milestone in military engineering and Cold War-era technological innovation.
27 May Historic Power Transition in Rhodesia: The first black-led government of Rhodesia takes power after 90 years of white minority rule, succeeding Ian Smith through a significant power-sharing agreement that marks a pivotal moment in the country's political evolution.
28 May Margaret Thatcher Becomes UK Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher made history by becoming the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, leading the Conservative Party into power. Her election marked a significant moment for women in politics and heralded a new era of conservative economic and social policies in Britain.
29 May Zimbabwe's Political Transition: Bishop Abel Muzorewa is sworn in as Zimbabwe's Prime Minister, marking a significant moment in the country's transition from Rhodesian rule towards independence.
30 May Nottingham Forest European Cup Victory: Nottingham Forest won their 24th European Cup (now UEFA Champions League) in Munich, Germany, cementing their status as a formidable football club.
31 May Zimbabwe Proclaims Independence: On May 31, 1979, Zimbabwe officially proclaimed its independence, marking a significant moment in the country's political history and transition from colonial rule.
01 Jun Zimbabwe Gains Independence: The first black-led government of Rhodesia takes power, ending 90 years of white minority rule. Abel Muzorewa becomes Prime Minister, marking a significant political transition and the renaming of the country to Zimbabwe.
02 Jun Pope John Paul II Visits Communist Poland: Pope John Paul II made historic diplomatic and cultural breakthrough by becoming the first pontiff to visit a Communist country. Landing in Warsaw on his native soil, he was greeted by massive crowds of 20,000 at the airport and hundreds of thousands along his route. He celebrated a nationally televised mass at Victory Square before 200,000 supporters, symbolizing a significant moment of spiritual and political defiance during the Cold War era.
03 Jun Ixtoc I Oil Spill - Massive Environmental Disaster: A catastrophic blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico caused an unprecedented environmental disaster, spilling at least 600,000 tons (approximately 176.4 million gallons) of oil into the waters. Some estimates suggest the spill could be as large as 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill in history.
04 Jun South African Presidential Resignation: South African President John Vorster resigned from his position due to a political scandal, marking a significant moment in the country's turbulent political landscape during the apartheid era.
05 Jun Sandinista Guerrillas Capture León, Nicaragua: On June 5, 1979, Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) guerrillas captured León, Nicaragua's second-largest city, as the Guardia Nacional abandoned their military barracks. This event was a critical moment in the Nicaraguan Revolution, signaling the growing momentum of the Sandinista uprising against the Somoza regime.
06 Jun Josef Mengele's Remains Discovered in Brazil: The notorious Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele's corpse was excavated in Brazil, marking a significant moment in post-World War II historical investigation. Mengele, infamously known as the 'Angel of Death' for his cruel medical experiments at Auschwitz concentration camp, had been hiding in South America to evade justice.
07 Jun First Direct Elections to the European Parliament: The first direct elections to the European Parliament began, allowing citizens from nine European Community member states to elect 410 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). This was a historic moment as it represented the first international election where citizens could directly choose their representatives.
08 Jun The Source: First Public Computer Information Service: On June 8, 1979, The Source became the first public computer information service to go online, marking a significant milestone in early digital communication and information sharing.
09 Jun Luna Park Sydney Ghost Train Fire Tragedy: A devastating fire at Luna Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, resulted in the tragic death of seven people, marking a significant disaster in the park's history.
10 Jun First Direct Elections to the European Parliament: Historic first direct elections were held for the European Parliament, with voters in France, Italy, and other participating nations electing Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), marking a significant milestone in European democratic processes.
11 Jun Death of John Wayne: Legendary Hollywood actor John Wayne passed away at the age of 72 after a prolonged battle with cancer, concluding a remarkable career that spanned over five decades and significantly shaped the Western film genre.
12 Jun Man-Powered Flight Across the English Channel: Bryan Allen successfully flew the human-powered Gossamer Albatross aircraft across the English Channel in a groundbreaking achievement, completing the journey in 2 hours and 49 minutes. This historic flight won the second Kremer prize, demonstrating the potential of human-powered aviation technology.
13 Jun First Direct Elections to the European Parliament: The first direct elections to the European Parliament began, allowing citizens from nine member states to elect 410 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in a historic international democratic process. This landmark event marked a significant step in European democratic integration, enabling direct citizen representation in the European legislative body.
14 Jun Sino-Vietnamese War Concludes: The Sino-Vietnamese War officially ended on June 14, 1979, with the withdrawal of Chinese forces from Vietnam. This brief but intense conflict represented a significant geopolitical moment in Southeast Asian relations, highlighting the complex diplomatic tensions between China and Vietnam.
15 Jun NASA Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Qualification Test: NASA conducted the first qualification test firing of the Space Shuttle's solid rocket booster (SRB), which successfully ran for 122 seconds. This critical test was a significant milestone in the Space Shuttle program, validating the rocket booster's performance and reliability before actual mission deployment.
16 Jun John Paul Stevens Confirmed to Supreme Court: On June 16, 1979, the United States Senate voted to confirm Judge John Paul Stevens to the Supreme Court, replacing the retiring Justice William O. Douglas. Stevens would go on to serve on the Supreme Court until his retirement in 2010, becoming known as a moderate to liberal justice who played a significant role in several landmark decisions.
17 Jun Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident: On June 17, 1979, a partial nuclear meltdown occurred at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in Pennsylvania, United States. This incident is considered the most significant nuclear accident in U.S. history, marking a critical moment in nuclear energy safety. While the accident did not release substantial radioactive materials, it dramatically impacted public perception of nuclear power and led to major reforms in nuclear plant safety protocols.
18 Jun Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On June 18, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, marking the beginning of a significant diplomatic crisis that would last 444 days. The hostage-taking was a pivotal moment in US-Iran relations, reflecting the deep political tensions following the Iranian Revolution. The crisis ended on January 20, 1981, and had profound implications for international diplomacy and US foreign policy.
19 Jun Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran During Revolution: On June 19, 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini made a historic return to Iran after 14 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution. His arrival represented a dramatic shift in Iran's political landscape, symbolizing the imminent overthrow of the Shah's regime and the establishment of an Islamic Republic. Hundreds of thousands of supporters greeted Khomeini at Tehran's airport, signaling the massive popular support for his revolutionary movement.
20 Jun SALT II Treaty Signing: The United States and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) treaty on June 18, 1979, marking a significant diplomatic effort towards nuclear arms control. Although the treaty was never ratified by the U.S. Senate, it represented an important milestone in Cold War-era negotiations aimed at reducing nuclear tensions between the superpowers.
21 Jun Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On June 21, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the United States embassy in Tehran, initiating a diplomatic crisis that would last 444 days. The event marked a critical turning point in U.S.-Iran relations, symbolizing the deep political tensions following the Iranian Revolution. Approximately 52 American diplomats and citizens were held captive, leading to international condemnation and significant geopolitical consequences, including economic sanctions and a failed U.S. rescue mission.
22 Jun Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, initiating a major international diplomatic crisis that would last 444 days until January 20, 1981. This event significantly strained US-Iran relations and had profound geopolitical implications.
23 Jun Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: Iranian students storm the American embassy in Tehran, initiating a diplomatic crisis that would dramatically impact US-Iran relations. The hostage-taking event would last 444 days, with 52 American diplomats and citizens held captive, ultimately ending on January 20, 1981, and significantly influencing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.
24 Jun Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: On June 24, 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini dramatically returned to Iran after 14 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution. His return signaled the imminent collapse of the Shah's regime and set the stage for the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
25 Jun Sony Walkman Launch: Sony introduces the Walkman portable cassette player in Japan, revolutionizing personal music consumption and becoming a cultural icon of the late 20th century.
26 Jun John Paul Stevens Confirmed to Supreme Court: The United States Senate voted 68-32 to confirm Judge John Paul Stevens as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Stevens served on the Court from 1975 until his retirement in 2010, becoming one of the most influential and respected justices of his era, known for his pragmatic and independent approach to constitutional interpretation.
27 Jun John Paul Stevens Confirmed to Supreme Court: The United States Senate voted to confirm Judge John Paul Stevens to the Supreme Court. Stevens was sworn in on October 23, 1979, and served with distinction until his retirement in 2010, becoming one of the most respected and longest-serving justices in modern American history.
28 Jun Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident: On June 28, 1979, a partial nuclear meltdown occurred at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in Middletown, Pennsylvania. This catastrophic event was the most significant nuclear accident in United States history, causing widespread public concern about nuclear energy safety. The incident led to major reforms in nuclear power plant regulations, emergency response protocols, and public perception of nuclear technology.
29 Jun Moonraker Film Premiere in United States: The eleventh James Bond film, 'Moonraker', starring Roger Moore, premiered in theaters across the United States. The movie, based on Ian Fleming's novel, featured a space-themed plot that capitalized on the era's growing interest in space exploration.
30 Jun Sony Walkman Launched: Sony introduced the Walkman, a revolutionary portable cassette player that would transform personal music listening experiences worldwide. This groundbreaking device allowed individuals to enjoy music privately and portably, fundamentally changing how people consumed music in public spaces.
01 Jul Sony Walkman Launch: Sony revolutionizes personal music technology by introducing the Walkman portable cassette player, a groundbreaking device that would transform how people experience and consume music, marking a significant milestone in consumer electronics and personal entertainment.
02 Jul The US Mint releases the new Susan B. Anthony small diameter dollar coin to circulation.
03 Jul Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran on July 3, 1979, after 14 years in exile, marking a transformative moment in the Iranian Revolution. His arrival signaled the imminent overthrow of the Shah's regime and the establishment of an Islamic Republic that would dramatically reshape Middle Eastern geopolitics.
04 Jul Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On July 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, initiating a diplomatic crisis that would last 444 days and significantly strain US-Iran relations. This event marked a critical moment in the Iranian Revolution and had profound geopolitical implications.
05 Jul IBM Antitrust Lawsuit: The United States Department of Justice files an antitrust lawsuit against IBM, alleging monopolistic practices in the computer industry. This landmark legal action challenged IBM's dominant market position and represented a critical moment in technology regulation, potentially reshaping competitive dynamics in the emerging computer technology sector.
06 Jul Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: On July 6, 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran after 14 years in exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution. His return signaled the imminent collapse of the Shah's regime and the establishment of an Islamic Republic, fundamentally transforming Iran's political and social landscape.
07 Jul Soviet Nuclear Test at Semipalatinsk: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear weapons test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development program. This test was part of the ongoing nuclear arms race between the USSR and the United States during the late 1970s.
08 Jul SALT II Treaty Signed by US and Soviet Union: The United States and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II) treaty, a critical diplomatic agreement aimed at limiting the development and deployment of strategic nuclear weapons during the Cold War era.
09 Jul Voyager 2's Jupiter Flyby: NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft completed its historic flyby of Jupiter, continuing its groundbreaking interplanetary exploration mission and providing unprecedented scientific data about the gas giant.
10 Jul Volkswagen Acquires Auto Union: On July 10, 1979, Volkswagen AG completed a strategic acquisition of Auto Union GmbH, a significant German automobile manufacturer. This corporate merger represented an important milestone in Volkswagen's expansion strategy, strengthening its position in the automotive industry and consolidating its manufacturing capabilities.
11 Jul US-China Strategic Cooperation Talks: The United States and China signed the Sino-American Strategic Cooperation Talks, a pivotal diplomatic agreement that represented a significant milestone in normalizing relations between the two global powers after years of tension.
12 Jul Kiribati Independence: The island nation of Kiribati officially gains independence from the United Kingdom, marking a significant milestone in its political history and national sovereignty. The former British colony, previously known as the Gilbert Islands, emerges as a sovereign state.
13 Jul Deadly Chemical Explosion in Taipei: A catastrophic chemical explosion occurred in Taipei, Taiwan, resulting in a tragic loss of life and numerous injuries. During a fire in a building, chemicals stored in the basement detonated, killing at least 15 people and injuring 61 others. The incident highlighted significant industrial safety and emergency response challenges in urban environments during the late 1970s.
15 Jul Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On July 15, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, marking the beginning of a prolonged diplomatic crisis between the United States and Iran. The hostage-taking event would last for 444 days, ending on January 20, 1981, and significantly impacted international relations during the Cold War era.
16 Jul Saddam Hussein Rises to Power in Iraq: Saddam Hussein succeeds President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, effectively consolidating his political power and setting the stage for his future leadership of Iraq, which would dramatically reshape the country's political landscape.
17 Jul Nicaraguan Revolution Succeeds: The Sandinista National Liberation Front successfully completes its revolutionary campaign against the U.S.-backed Somoza dictatorship and assumes political control of Nicaragua, signaling a major geopolitical shift.
18 Jul First Space Shuttle Columbia Test Flight: On July 18, 1979, NASA conducted the inaugural test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, marking a pivotal moment in space exploration history. This maiden voyage represented a breakthrough in reusable spacecraft technology and paved the way for future space missions.
19 Jul Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua: The Sandinista rebels successfully overthrew the long-standing, US-backed Somoza family dictatorship, marking a significant turning point in Nicaraguan political history. Led by revolutionary forces, they ended decades of authoritarian rule and initiated a new era of governance in the country.
20 Jul Ayatollah Khomeini Returns to Iran: On July 20, 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini dramatically returned to Iran after 14 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution that would fundamentally transform the country's political landscape and global geopolitics.
21 Jul US-China Diplomatic Normalization: The United States and China signed the Sino-American Joint Statement, a pivotal diplomatic agreement that significantly advanced the normalization of relations between the two countries, marking a crucial moment in Cold War-era international diplomacy.
22 Jul Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On July 22, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, marking the beginning of a pivotal diplomatic crisis. The hostage-taking would last for 444 days, dramatically escalating tensions between the United States and Iran. This event was a critical moment in Cold War geopolitics, symbolizing the breakdown of U.S.-Iran relations following the Iranian Revolution and significantly impacting international diplomacy.
23 Jul Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On July 23, 1979, Iranian students stormed the American embassy in Tehran, marking the beginning of a significant diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States. The hostage-taking event would last for 444 days, ending on January 20, 1981, and profoundly impacted international relations, contributing to the downfall of U.S. President Jimmy Carter and creating long-lasting tensions between Iran and the United States.
24 Jul Paul Volcker Appointed as Federal Reserve President: President Jimmy Carter names Paul Volcker as the President of the Federal Reserve, a pivotal appointment that would significantly impact U.S. monetary policy during a period of high inflation in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
25 Jul SALT II Treaty Signing: On July 25, 1979, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) treaty in Vienna, Austria. The treaty aimed to limit the number of strategic nuclear missiles and bombers each country could possess. Despite the signing, the treaty was never ratified by the U.S. Senate, largely due to increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
26 Jul Founding of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issued a critical order to staff the Office of the Chief Examiner, which would later be renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), marking a pivotal moment in American law enforcement history.
27 Jul France Conducts Nuclear Test: France conducted a nuclear weapons test, continuing its nuclear weapons development program during the Cold War era. This test was part of France's strategic efforts to maintain nuclear capabilities and geopolitical influence.
28 Jul NAFTA Precursor Agreement Signed: The United States, Canada, and Mexico signed a landmark trade agreement on July 28, 1979, which would later serve as the foundational framework for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This initial tripartite agreement represented a significant step towards economic integration in North America.
29 Jul Death of Herbert Marcuse: Herbert Marcuse, a prominent German-American political philosopher and critical theorist associated with the Frankfurt School and New Left movement, passed away in Starnberg, Germany.
30 Jul Devastating Fort Collins Hailstorm: On July 30, 1979, Fort Collins, Colorado experienced an extraordinary meteorological event: a forty-minute hailstorm with hailstones ranging from baseball to softball size. The severe storm caused extensive damage, impacting approximately 2,000 homes and 2,500 automobiles. Around 25 people were injured, primarily from head impacts by the massive hailstones, highlighting the storm's unusual intensity and potential danger.
31 Jul Dan-Air Flight 34 Tragic Crash: A devastating aviation accident occurred when Dan-Air Flight 34, a turboprop aircraft, crashed into the sea after experiencing critical engine failure. Of the 44 passengers aboard, fifteen passengers and both pilots perished in the incident, marking a significant air safety tragedy.
01 Aug Khomeini's Return to Iran: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini dramatically returns to Iran after 14 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution. His arrival signaled the imminent collapse of the Shah's regime and the establishment of an Islamic Republic that would fundamentally transform Iran's political and social landscape.
02 Aug Gilda Radner's Broadway Solo Show Debuts: Gilda Radner, a beloved comedian from Saturday Night Live, opened her one-woman Broadway show 'Gilda Radner: Live From New York' at the Winter Garden Theater. The performance showcased her unique comedic talents and celebrated her rise to fame as a groundbreaking female comedian in the late 1970s.
03 Aug Equatorial Guinea Coup d'État: Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a bloody coup d'état led by his nephew Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, marking a significant political transition in the country's history.
04 Aug Tragic Indian Airlines Flight Crash: A devastating aviation accident occurred when an HS 748 turboprop aircraft crashed in the Kiroli Hills of Maharashtra during poor weather conditions, resulting in the loss of all 49 passengers and crew on board.
05 Aug Polisario-Mauritania Peace Treaty: The Polisario Front signed a peace treaty with Mauritania, resulting in Mauritania's withdrawal from Western Sahara territory and ceding control to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
06 Aug Paul Volcker Becomes Federal Reserve Chairman: Prominent American economist Paul Volcker was sworn in as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, marking a significant moment in U.S. monetary policy. Volcker would go on to play a crucial role in combating inflation during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
07 Aug Kit Williams' Golden Hare Treasure Hunt Begins: On August 7, 1979, author and illustrator Kit Williams initiated a legendary public treasure hunt by burying an intricately crafted golden hare-shaped jewelry piece in a public park somewhere in Great Britain. This event sparked widespread public fascination and became a famous puzzle that would engage treasure hunters and enthusiasts for years to come.
08 Aug First African American Astronaut Selected: NASA made history by selecting Guy Bluford, a 24-year-old African American, as an astronaut. This milestone represented a significant step towards diversity and inclusion in the United States space program.
09 Aug Tragic Day for FBI: Multiple Agent Fatalities: On August 9, 1979, the American Federal Bureau of Investigation experienced its most devastating loss of life in its 71-year history. Three FBI agents were killed in two separate, unrelated shooting incidents, highlighting the dangerous nature of law enforcement work during this period.
10 Aug Michael Jackson's 'Off the Wall' Album Release: Michael Jackson released his groundbreaking album 'Off the Wall', which became a massive commercial success, selling 7 million copies in the United States and achieving 7x platinum status. This album was a pivotal moment in Jackson's musical career, showcasing his evolving artistic style.
11 Aug Machchu-2 Dam Disaster in Gujarat: On August 11, 1979, the catastrophic collapse of the Machchu-2 dam in Gujarat, India, led to a devastating flood that killed at least 1,800 people. This tragic event was one of the worst dam failures in Indian history, causing massive destruction in the surrounding villages along the Machchu River.
12 Aug Tragic Indian Airlines Flight Crash: A devastating aviation disaster occurred when an Indian Airlines turboprop aircraft crashed while attempting to land in Mumbai, resulting in the tragic loss of all 49 passengers and crew on board.
13 Aug Rosemont Horizon Construction Tragedy: A devastating construction accident occurred when the roof of the uncompleted Rosemont Horizon arena collapsed near Chicago, Illinois, resulting in the tragic deaths of 5 workers and serious injuries to 16 others. The incident highlighted critical safety concerns in large-scale construction projects.
14 Aug Release of Apocalypse Now: Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film 'Apocalypse Now' was released, marking a significant moment in cinema history. The film, loosely based on Joseph Conrad's novella 'Heart of Darkness', provided a powerful and surreal portrayal of the Vietnam War, winning numerous awards and becoming a landmark in American filmmaking.
15 Aug Release of 'Apocalypse Now': Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film 'Apocalypse Now', a powerful and surreal portrayal of the Vietnam War, was released in theaters. The film, starring Martin Sheen and Marlon Brando, would go on to become a landmark cinematic work exploring the psychological impact of war.
16 Aug Tragic Death of Thurman Munson in Plane Crash: Thurman Munson, a prominent Major League Baseball star and catcher for the New York Yankees, died in a devastating plane crash on August 16, 1979. His unexpected and tragic death shocked the sports world and cut short the career of one of baseball's most respected players.
17 Aug Deadly Mid-Air Collision of Soviet Passenger Planes: On August 17, 1979, two Soviet Aeroflot passenger aircraft collided mid-air over Ukrainian airspace, resulting in a catastrophic crash that claimed 173 lives. The tragic incident highlighted the significant aviation safety challenges of the era and the risks inherent in complex air traffic management during the Cold War period.
18 Aug Ayatollah Khomeini's Call for Conflict with Kurds: Ayatollah Khomeini issued a provocative demand for a holy war (jihad) against the Kurdish population, escalating tensions in post-revolutionary Iran and signaling potential military confrontation.
19 Aug Cinema Rex Fire Tragedy: A devastating fire at Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran, results in 477 deaths. Initially blamed on SAVAK (Iranian secret police), the incident was later revealed to be an arson committed by an Islamist, which became a significant event in the lead-up to the Iranian Revolution.
20 Aug Tragic Indian Airlines Flight Crash: A devastating aviation disaster occurred when an Indian Airlines turboprop aircraft crashed near Mumbai, resulting in the tragic loss of all 49 passengers and crew on board.
21 Aug Lagos Accord Signed to End Nigerian Civil War: Representatives from 11 warring factions gathered in Lagos, Nigeria's capital, to sign a historic peace agreement aimed at resolving the long-standing internal conflict. The Lagos Accord represented a significant diplomatic effort to restore stability and end years of destructive civil strife in the country.
22 Aug Black Leaders Support Andrew Young: Approximately 200 prominent Black leaders convened in New York City to publicly support Andrew Young, who was serving as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations at the time. This meeting highlighted the political solidarity within the African American community during the late 1970s.
23 Aug Alexander Godunov Defects from Soviet Union: Bolshoi Ballet dancer Alexander Godunov dramatically defects to the United States in New York City, symbolizing artistic and personal freedom during the Cold War era.
24 Aug Death of Pioneering German Aviator Hanna Reitsch: Hanna Reitsch, a groundbreaking German aviator, passed away in Frankfurt, Germany. Throughout her remarkable career, she achieved numerous historic milestones, becoming the first German woman to obtain a captain's license, the first woman helicopter pilot, the first woman test pilot, and notably, the first woman awarded the Iron Cross in 1942. Her contributions significantly advanced women's roles in aviation during a challenging historical period.
25 Aug Tragic Indian Airlines Flight Crash in Mumbai: A devastating aviation disaster occurred when an Indian Airlines turboprop airplane crashed while approaching landing in Mumbai, resulting in the tragic loss of all 49 people on board.
26 Aug Deaths of Notable Figures: Alvin Karpis and Mika Waltari: On August 26, 1979, two significant personalities passed away: Alvin Karpis (72), a notorious Canadian-American gangster known for leading the Barker-Karpis gang during the 1930s criminal era, and Mika Waltari (70), a renowned Finnish author who made substantial contributions to literature.
27 Aug The Mountbatten Assassination and Warrenpoint Ambush: On August 27, 1979, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) conducted two devastating attacks in separate locations. In Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Republic of Ireland, Lord Louis Mountbatten, a prominent member of the British royal family and a World War II naval hero, was killed by a bomb planted on his fishing boat. The explosion also killed three others, including a teenage boy. Later the same day, near Warrenpoint in Northern Ireland, the IRA ambushed a British Army patrol by detonating two roadside bombs, killing 18 British soldiers. This was the deadliest single attack on British forces during Operation Banner, the British military's longest continuous operation.
28 Aug IRA Bombing in Brussels: An IRA bomb exploded in the Great Market (Grand-Place) of Brussels, targeting a British Army band concert. The attack resulted in multiple casualties, including the death of Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne, who succumbed to her injuries the following day.
29 Aug Pioneer 11 Spacecraft Reaches Saturn: NASA's Pioneer 11 spacecraft becomes the first human-made object to visit Saturn, passing the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometers. This historic mission significantly expanded humanity's understanding of the gas giant's planetary system and provided unprecedented close-up imagery and scientific data.
30 Aug Comet Howard–Koomen–Michels Collides with the Sun: The first scientifically recorded instance of a comet colliding with the Sun, releasing an extraordinary amount of energy estimated to be equivalent to one million hydrogen bombs. This rare astronomical event provided unprecedented insights into solar dynamics and cometary interactions.
31 Aug U.S. Diplomatic Reopening in China: The United States officially reopened its Consulate in Guangzhou (Canton), reestablishing diplomatic presence nearly 30 years after the previous consulate's closure, symbolizing improving Sino-American relations.
01 Sep Pioneer 11 Reaches Saturn: The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to successfully explore Saturn, passing the planet at a remarkably close distance of 21,000 kilometers. This historic mission significantly expanded humanity's understanding of the ringed planet's composition, magnetic field, and surrounding environment.
02 Sep Devastating Goldau Landslide in Switzerland: A catastrophic landslide struck the town of Goldau in Switzerland, completely destroying the settlement and resulting in a tragic loss of 457 human lives. This natural disaster is considered one of the most significant geological events in Swiss history, highlighting the potential destructive power of mountain terrain.
03 Sep U.S. Navy Rescues Vietnamese Refugees: The U.S. Navy combat supply ship USS White Plains conducted a humanitarian rescue operation in the South China Sea, saving 154 Vietnamese refugees. This rescue was part of the ongoing efforts to assist 'boat people' fleeing Vietnam in the aftermath of the Vietnam War.
04 Sep Jamaica Recognizes Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Jamaica officially recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a diplomatic move supporting the sovereignty of the Western Sahara region.
05 Sep Ann Meyers Breaks Basketball Barrier: Ann Meyers makes history by becoming the first woman signed to an NBA player's contract, receiving $50,000 from the San Diego Sails of the American Basketball Association (ABA), a groundbreaking moment for women in professional sports.
06 Sep Carter Grants Clemency to Puerto Rican Nationalists: U.S. President Jimmy Carter commuted the long prison sentences of four Puerto Rican nationalists who had been imprisoned for political actions in the 1950s. This included Oscar Collazo, who attempted to assassinate President Harry S Truman in 1950 and had been incarcerated for almost 29 years. Clemency was also granted to Lolita Lebrón, Irvin Flores Rodriguez, and Rafael Cancel Miranda, who had shot from the gallery during a 1954 U.S. Capitol attack, wounding five Representatives. These individuals had served 25 years of sentences that could have lasted up to 75 years.
07 Sep Brazil Declares Independence: Brazil officially declares independence from Portugal, ending three centuries of colonial rule. This momentous event marks the birth of the Brazilian Empire and a significant turning point in South American history.
08 Sep Mexico Recognizes Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Mexico officially recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a significant diplomatic move in the context of Western Sahara's independence struggle.
09 Sep Beatles Reunion Proposal: Music promoter Sid Bernstein made a bold move by offering a staggering US$500 million to reunite the legendary Beatles, highlighting the band's immense cultural and commercial value.
10 Sep Pioneer 11 Completes Historic Saturn Flyby: NASA's Pioneer 11 spacecraft successfully completed the first-ever close encounter with Saturn, making groundbreaking astronomical observations. During this mission, the spacecraft discovered a previously unknown moon and provided unprecedented detailed imagery of Saturn's complex ring system, significantly expanding human understanding of the outer solar system.
11 Sep Iranian Revolution: Mass Protests Against Shah's Regime: On September 11, 1979, millions of Iranians participated in nationwide protests demanding the removal of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and calling for the return of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini from exile. These demonstrations represented a critical moment in the Iranian Revolution, symbolizing widespread popular discontent with the monarchy and strong support for an Islamic revolutionary transformation of the government.
12 Sep Hurricane Frederick Devastates Alabama Coast: Hurricane Frederick made a destructive landfall on Alabama's Gulf Coast, causing significant damage estimated at $23 million and resulting in five fatalities. The hurricane's powerful winds and storm surge created widespread devastation.
13 Sep Venda 'Independence' Granted by South Africa: South Africa unilaterally grants 'independence' to the Venda homeland, a move not recognized internationally as a legitimate sovereign state, reflecting the apartheid-era policy of creating nominally independent territories.
14 Sep Assassination of Afghan President Nur Muhammad Taraki: Afghan leader Nur Muhammad Taraki was assassinated upon the direct order of Hafizullah Amin, who subsequently seized power and became the new General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. This political upheaval marked a significant moment of internal conflict within the Afghan communist regime.
15 Sep John McEnroe Triumphs at U.S. Open: 20-year-old John McEnroe achieved a remarkable milestone by becoming the youngest male champion in U.S. Open history. He defeated Vitas Gerulaitis in a commanding straight-sets performance with scores of 7-5, 6-3, and 6-3, signaling the emergence of a new tennis superstar.
16 Sep Afghanistan Coup: Hafizullah Amin seized power in Afghanistan through a military coup, replacing Nur Muhammad Taraki as the General Secretary and head of state, marking a significant political transition during the Cold War era.
17 Sep Pietro Mennea Sets World Record in 200m Sprint: Italian sprinter Pietro Mennea achieved a remarkable world record in the 200 meters, completing the race in an extraordinary time of 19.72 seconds. This performance was a significant milestone in track and field athletics, showcasing Mennea's exceptional speed and athletic prowess.
18 Sep Bolshoi Ballet Dancers Defect from Soviet Union: Renowned Bolshoi Ballet dancers Leonid and Valentina Kozlov dramatically defected from the Soviet Union, marking a significant cultural and political moment during the Cold War era. Their escape represented not just a personal artistic choice, but also a symbolic act of resistance against Soviet artistic restrictions.
19 Sep Potential Gas Rationing Legislation: The United States Congress considered granting President Jimmy Carter standby authority to implement emergency gas rationing in response to potential fuel supply crises, reflecting the ongoing energy challenges of the late 1970s.
20 Sep France Abolishes Death Penalty: The French National Assembly votes to abolish the death penalty, making France the 35th country to do so and marking a significant milestone in human rights legislation.
21 Sep Gould and Lewontin Publish Groundbreaking Scientific Paper: Renowned evolutionary biologists Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin published their seminal paper 'The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm' on September 21, 1979. This influential work challenged adaptationist explanations in evolutionary biology, arguing that not all biological traits are necessarily adaptive and can be byproducts of other evolutionary processes.
22 Sep The Vela Incident: Mysterious Double Flash in Indian Ocean: On September 22, 1979, a US Vela satellite detected an enigmatic double flash of light in the Indian Ocean between Bouvet Island and the Prince Edward Islands. The unusual event was corroborated by multiple sources, including US Navy hydrophones and the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico. The nature of this flash remains unresolved - potentially a nuclear weapons test or a rare astronomical phenomenon like a meteor explosion.
23 Sep Basque Separatist Assassination in Spain: Basque separatists assassinated Brigadier General Lorenzo Ariztegui, the military governor of Guipuzcoa (now Gipuzkoa) province, in a politically motivated attack highlighting the ongoing tensions in the region.
24 Sep Ghana Transitions to Civilian Rule: After more than seven years of military governance, Ghana successfully transitioned to civilian rule through democratic elections, establishing a new presidential administration and government.
25 Sep Evita Broadway Premiere: The iconic musical 'Evita', based on the life of Argentine political leader Eva Perón, opened at the Broadway Theater in New York City. The production would go on to run for an impressive 1,568 performances, becoming a landmark in musical theater history.
26 Sep United States Conducts Nuclear Test in Nevada: The United States performed a nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development and testing program.
27 Sep Creation of US Department of Education: The United States Congress granted final approval for establishing the Department of Education as the 13th Cabinet-level agency, marking a significant milestone in federal educational governance and policy-making.
28 Sep Tragic Hotel Fire in Vienna: A devastating fire at the Am Augarten Hotel in Vienna resulted in the tragic loss of 25 lives. The blaze reportedly originated in a wastebasket in the hotel's lobby, quickly spreading and causing massive destruction. This incident highlighted the critical importance of fire safety protocols in public accommodations.
29 Sep Pope John Paul II Visits Ireland: Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the Republic of Ireland, marking a historic moment in Catholic-Irish relations and religious diplomacy.
30 Sep Hong Kong MTR Launches First Line: The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) commences public service with the opening of its Modified Initial System, specifically the Kwun Tong Line, marking a significant milestone in the city's public transportation infrastructure.
01 Oct US Returns Panama Canal Sovereignty: The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama, concluding a long-standing territorial dispute and marking a significant moment in post-colonial international relations.
03 Oct Windsor Locks Tornado of 1979: A devastating EF4 tornado struck Windsor Locks, Connecticut, causing extensive damage to the town. The tornado carved a destructive path four miles long and a quarter-mile wide through Windsor Locks, Suffield, and extended into Massachusetts. The storm obliterated the New England Air Museum, resulted in three fatalities, and caused hundreds of injuries. Total damage was estimated at approximately $700 million in today's dollars.
04 Oct Hugh Leonards Life, premieres in Dublin
05 Oct Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: Iranian militants seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking 66 American diplomats and citizens hostage. The militants demanded the return of the deposed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to stand trial, marking the beginning of a diplomatic crisis that would last 444 days and significantly strain U.S.-Iran relations.
06 Oct Pope John Paul II's Historic White House Visit: Pope John Paul II became the first pontiff to visit the White House, meeting with President Jimmy Carter in Washington, D.C. This groundbreaking diplomatic encounter symbolized improved relations between the Vatican and the United States.
07 Oct Joy Division Releases 'Transmission': Factory Records releases Joy Division's debut single 'Transmission', a pivotal moment in post-punk music history that would influence alternative rock genres.
08 Oct The Great Chicago Fire: One of the most devastating urban disasters in American history began on this date in 1871. The Great Chicago Fire would rage for two days, destroying much of the city's infrastructure, killing approximately 300 people, and leaving nearly 100,000 residents homeless.
09 Oct Formation of Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces: On October 9, 1979, Son Sann, a former Cambodian prime minister, and General Dien Del, a veteran of the pre-Communist Khmer Republic's army, established the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces. This guerrilla group, consisting of approximately 2,000 fighters, was formed with the primary objective of opposing the Vietnamese-installed People's Republic of Kampuchea during the complex post-Khmer Rouge period.
10 Oct Panama Gains Canal Zone Sovereignty: Panama officially assumed sovereignty over the Canal Area, a significant milestone in the country's territorial control and a pivotal moment in post-colonial geopolitical relations.
11 Oct Nobel Prize in Medicine for CAT Scan Development: Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking work in developing the Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) scan, a revolutionary medical imaging technique that allows detailed cross-sectional views of the human body.
12 Oct The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Published: Douglas Adams' groundbreaking science fiction comedy novel 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy' was first published, marking the beginning of a beloved and influential literary series that would later become a cultural phenomenon.
13 Oct Death of Archibald Roosevelt: Archibald Roosevelt, an 85-year-old U.S. stockbroker, conservative activist, and author, and son of President Theodore Roosevelt, passed away. As a member of the prominent Roosevelt political dynasty, Archibald was known for his conservative political activism and contributions to public discourse.
14 Oct Sony Walkman Debuts in US: Sony introduces the Walkman portable cassette player in the United States, revolutionizing personal music listening and becoming a cultural icon of the 1980s.
15 Oct Salvadoran Civil War Begins with Military Coup: A significant military coup in El Salvador overthrows President Carlos Humberto Romero, marking the start of a 12-year-long civil war that would dramatically reshape the country's political landscape and lead to widespread social upheaval.
16 Oct Nobel Prize in Economics Awarded: Theodore Schultz and William Arthur Lewis were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for their groundbreaking research in economic development, with particular emphasis on understanding economic dynamics in developing countries.
17 Oct Mother Teresa Receives Nobel Peace Prize: Mother Teresa of India was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her extraordinary humanitarian work with the poor in Calcutta, recognizing her lifelong dedication to serving the most vulnerable populations.
18 Oct FCC Deregulates Home Satellite Earth Stations: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) made a landmark decision to allow individuals to own and operate home satellite earth stations without requiring a federal government license, marking a significant moment in telecommunications technology and personal communication freedoms.
19 Oct Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown: On this historic day in 1781, British General Lord Cornwallis surrendered to American General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia. This pivotal moment effectively ended the American Revolutionary War and secured American independence from British colonial rule. The surrender marked a decisive turning point in the American struggle for sovereignty, with Washington's Continental Army and French allies forcing the British to capitulate after a prolonged siege.
20 Oct Assassination of South Korean President: President Park Chung-hee is assassinated by KCIA head Kim Jae-kyu, marking a significant and tumultuous moment in South Korean political history.
21 Oct Moshe Dayan Resigns from Israeli Government: Prominent Israeli politician and former Defense Minister Moshe Dayan resigns from his position as Minister of Foreign Affairs, signaling potential political tensions within the Israeli government.
22 Oct Deposed Shah of Iran arrives in New York for medical treatment.
23 Oct Death of Mostafa Khomeini in Iraq: Mostafa Khomeini, the eldest son of exiled Iranian revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, unexpectedly died at age 47 in Najaf, Iraq. His death occurred during a tumultuous period of political transition in Iran following the Islamic Revolution earlier that year. The circumstances surrounding his death were mysterious, with no clear official cause reported.
24 Oct Paul McCartney Receives Rare Rhodium Disc from Guinness Book of Records: On October 24, 1979, the Guinness Book of Records presented Paul McCartney with a prestigious rhodium disc, recognizing his extraordinary achievements in the music industry. Rhodium, a rare and valuable metal, underscored the significance of McCartney's musical contributions.
26 Oct Assassination of South Korean President Park Chung Hee: On October 26, 1979, President Park Chung Hee of South Korea was assassinated by Kim Jae-gyu, the head of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA). This shocking event occurred during a dinner at a KCIA safehouse in Seoul, marking a pivotal moment in South Korean political history. Kim Jae-gyu, who was considered a close confidant of Park, shot the president multiple times, also killing Park's chief bodyguard. The assassination ended Park's 18-year authoritarian rule and dramatically altered the political landscape of South Korea.
27 Oct Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Gains Independence: On October 27, 1979, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines officially gained independence from the United Kingdom, marking a significant milestone in the nation's political history. This event represented the end of British colonial rule and the establishment of the country as a sovereign state within the Commonwealth.
28 Oct Soviet Nuclear Test in Kazakhstan: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test at the Semipalitinsk Test Site in Eastern Kazakhstan, continuing its nuclear weapons development program during the Cold War era.
29 Oct Billy Martin Fired from Yankees: Billy Martin is dismissed from his position as manager of the New York Yankees for the second time, continuing his tumultuous relationship with the storied baseball franchise.
30 Oct Richard Arrington Jr.: First African American Mayor of Birmingham: Richard Arrington Jr. made history by becoming the first African American mayor of Birmingham, Alabama, marking a significant milestone in the city's civil rights progression.
31 Oct Lomé Convention Expanded: The Lomé Convention was signed between the European Community (EC) and 58 developing nations, expanding trade and aid relationships between European and African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries.
01 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis Escalation: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini called for demonstrations and expanded attacks on US and Israeli interests, further intensifying the Iran Hostage Crisis and heightening international tensions.
02 Nov Death of Jacques Mesrine: A team of French gendarmes tracked down and killed France's most-wanted fugitive, Jacques Mesrine, after an intense manhunt. Mesrine, notorious for his criminal activities including murder, kidnapping, and bank robbery, was known as 'l'homme aux mille visages' (the man of a thousand faces) due to his skill in using disguises. He was ambushed at Porte de Clignancourt on the outskirts of Paris and killed instantly, being hit by 15 bullets.
03 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: Sixty-three American diplomats and citizens were taken hostage at the United States Embassy in Tehran, Iran. This event marked the beginning of a 444-day diplomatic crisis that would significantly strain US-Iran relations and have profound geopolitical implications.
04 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On November 4, 1979, Iranian radical students, primarily motivated by anger over the United States' acceptance of the deposed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi for medical treatment in New York, stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. They seized control of the diplomatic compound and took 90 hostages, with 63 of them being American citizens. This event marked the beginning of a 444-day international crisis that would significantly strain U.S.-Iran diplomatic relations.
05 Nov Khomeini Denounces United States: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the supreme leader of Iran during the Iranian Revolution, publicly declares the United States as 'the Great Satan', signaling a dramatic deterioration in diplomatic relations and setting the stage for future tensions between Iran and the United States.
06 Nov Iranian Revolution: Ayatollah Khomeini Assumes Power: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini completes his rise to power in Iran, marking a pivotal moment in the country's political transformation. Following months of revolutionary upheaval, Khomeini establishes an Islamic theocratic government, fundamentally altering Iran's political and social landscape and significantly impacting Middle Eastern geopolitics.
07 Nov Nuclear False Alarm Triggers NORAD Alert: A significant nuclear false alarm occurs when NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center detect a purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After careful review of satellite data and early warning radars, the alert is ultimately cancelled, highlighting the tense Cold War atmosphere.
08 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: 500 Iranian students loyal to Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US Embassy in Tehran, taking 90 hostages. This event marks the beginning of a 444-day diplomatic crisis that would significantly strain US-Iran relations and have profound geopolitical implications.
09 Nov NORAD Nuclear False Alarm during Cold War: On November 9, 1979, a critical moment in Cold War history occurred when NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland, initially detected what appeared to be a massive Soviet nuclear strike. The potential threat triggered high-level military alerts and heightened tensions. However, after a meticulous review of raw satellite data and early-warning radar systems, military officials determined the alert was a false alarm, averting a potential catastrophic misunderstanding between the United States and the Soviet Union.
10 Nov Mississauga Train Derailment: On November 10, 1979, a 106-car Canadian Pacific freight train carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals derailed in Mississauga, Ontario, just west of Toronto. The incident triggered a massive explosion and prompted the largest peacetime evacuation in Canadian history, marking a significant emergency response event in North America.
11 Nov Birth of Courtenay Semel: Courtenay Semel was born, who would later become an American reality TV personality and the daughter of media executive Terry Semel. She gained public recognition through her appearances in reality television and her family's prominent media industry connections.
12 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis: US Oil Import Sanctions: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, U.S. President Jimmy Carter orders a comprehensive halt to all petroleum imports from Iran, escalating economic pressure on the Iranian government during the diplomatic crisis.
13 Nov Ronald Reagan Announces Presidential Candidacy: Ronald Reagan officially announced his candidacy for the 1980 United States Presidential Election in New York, a pivotal moment that would reshape American political landscape in the coming decade.
14 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis: US Presidential Economic Sanctions: US President Jimmy Carter issued Executive Order 12170, which froze all Iranian assets in the United States as a direct response to the ongoing Iran hostage crisis. This significant economic measure was designed to exert diplomatic pressure on Iran during the tense international standoff.
15 Nov Sir Anthony Blunt Exposed as Soviet Spy: The British government publicly identifies Sir Anthony Blunt as the fourth member of the infamous Cambridge Five Soviet spy ring, revealing his long-standing espionage activities against the United Kingdom during the Cold War.
16 Nov Paul McCartney Releases 'Wonderful Christmastime': Paul McCartney released his festive single 'Wonderful Christmastime', a popular holiday song that would become a perennial Christmas music favorite, showcasing McCartney's continued musical creativity after The Beatles.
17 Nov Iran Hostage Crisis Partial Release: Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini orders the release of female and African American hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, marking a significant moment in the ongoing Iran hostage crisis.
18 Nov Iranian Revolution: Khomeini Accuses US Embassy of Espionage: On November 18, 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini formally charged the United States ambassador and diplomatic personnel at the Tehran embassy with espionage activities. This accusation was a critical moment in the Iranian Revolution, escalating tensions between Iran and the United States. The charges were part of the broader context of the Iranian hostage crisis, where Iranian revolutionaries had already seized the US Embassy in Tehran, holding 52 American diplomats and citizens hostage for 444 days.
19 Nov Carter Freezes Iranian Assets: U.S. President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States as a direct response to the ongoing Iran hostage crisis, escalating economic tensions between the two nations.
20 Nov Grand Mosque Seizure in Mecca: A significant terrorist uprising occurred at the sacred Kaaba site in Mecca during the annual pilgrimage. Approximately 1,500 militants seized control of the Grand Mosque, taking around 6,000 hostages. The Saudi government, with assistance from French special forces, ultimately suppressed the revolt after an intense confrontation.
21 Nov US Embassy Attack in Islamabad: A violent mob attacked the United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, resulting in one fatality and significant damage to the diplomatic building. The attack was reportedly triggered by inflammatory rumors about U.S. involvement in a religious incident in Mecca.
23 Nov Carter Convenes Crisis Meeting on Iran Hostage Situation: On November 23, 1979, President Jimmy Carter gathered key members of his administration at Camp David in Catoctin Mountain Park, Maryland, to strategize about the Iran Hostage Crisis. The meeting included Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, and Vice President Walter F. Mondale. This crisis began on November 4 when Iranian revolutionaries seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, marking a critical moment in U.S.-Iran relations.
24 Nov US Government Acknowledges Agent Orange Exposure of Vietnam Veterans: On November 24, 1979, the United States government officially admitted that military personnel deployed during the Vietnam War were exposed to Agent Orange, a highly toxic herbicide and defoliant chemical used extensively by the U.S. military during the conflict. This exposure would later be linked to numerous serious health complications for veterans, including various cancers, birth defects, and long-term medical conditions.
25 Nov American Airlines Flight 191 Crash: A devastating American Airlines DC-10 crashes during takeoff from Chicago O'Hare International Airport, resulting in 275 fatalities. This remains one of the deadliest aviation accidents in U.S. history, caused by an engine separation during takeoff that led to catastrophic wing damage and total aircraft failure.
26 Nov China Readmitted to International Olympic Committee: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to readmit China to the Olympic movement after a 21-year absence, marking a significant diplomatic and sporting milestone. This decision symbolized China's re-engagement with the global sporting community and represented an important moment in international relations.
27 Nov The Game (Jayceon Taylor) Birth: Jayceon Taylor, professionally known as The Game, was born on November 27, 1979, in Los Angeles, California. A prominent rapper in the West Coast hip-hop scene, he rose to fame in the early 2000s as part of Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment and became known for his storytelling and autobiographical rap style.
28 Nov Mount Erebus Disaster: A tragic aviation accident occurred when Air New Zealand Flight 901, a DC-10 sightseeing aircraft, crashed into Mount Erebus in Antarctica, resulting in the deaths of all 257 passengers and crew members. This catastrophic event is considered one of New Zealand's worst aviation disasters.
29 Nov British Embassy in Tehran Reduces Staff: Amid rising tensions following the Iranian Revolution, the British Embassy in Tehran began a significant staff reduction, with diplomats and their families preparing to depart within approximately 10 days.
30 Nov Pact of Locarno Anniversary: Commemorating the historic Pact of Locarno signed in 1925, this date marks a significant diplomatic agreement between Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy. The treaty was an early attempt to guarantee peace in Western Europe and prevent future conflicts in the aftermath of World War I.
01 Dec World Series Cricket Players Return to Test Cricket: In a significant moment for Australian cricket, former World Series Cricket players Bruce Laird, Greg Chappell, and David Hookes returned to Test cricket during the first Test match against West Indies in Brisbane. On the first day, they contributed substantially to Australia's score of 229/5, with Laird scoring 92, Chappell 74, and Hookes remaining unbeaten at 33.
02 Dec Iran's Constitutional Referendum: Iranian electors overwhelmingly voted in favor of a new constitution that granted absolute power to Ayatollah Khomeini, solidifying the Islamic Revolution's political structure.
03 Dec Iranian Revolution: Khomeini Becomes Supreme Leader: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini assumes the role of the first Supreme Leader of Iran, marking a pivotal moment in the Iranian Revolution and fundamentally transforming the country's political and religious landscape.
04 Dec The Hastie Fire Tragedy in Hull: A devastating fire in Hull resulted in the tragic death of three schoolboys. The incident would later become significant as it led to the arrest of Bruce George Peter Lee, connecting the fire to a broader criminal investigation.
05 Dec Sonia Johnson Excommunicated by Mormon Church: Sonia Johnson was formally excommunicated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for her vocal criticism of the church's stance against the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Her excommunication highlighted the tensions between religious institutions and emerging feminist movements in the late 1970s.
06 Dec Carter's Diplomatic Statement on Iran: President Jimmy Carter publicly addressed the political situation in Iran, making a nuanced statement about U.S. support for the Shah. His remarks reflected the complex diplomatic tensions of the time, acknowledging the internal dynamics of Iranian politics while maintaining a delicate diplomatic stance.
08 Dec Assassination of John Lennon: On a tragic evening outside the Dakota apartment building in New York City, legendary Beatles musician John Lennon was fatally shot by Mark David Chapman. The shooting occurred as Lennon was returning home with his wife Yoko Ono, shocking the music world and global fans. Chapman, an obsessed fan, waited outside the building and shot Lennon multiple times, effectively ending the life of one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.
09 Dec Global Smallpox Eradication Certified by WHO: The World Health Organization officially certified the complete eradication of the smallpox virus, marking a monumental achievement in human medical history. This landmark event represents the first time a human disease has been completely eliminated through systematic global vaccination efforts, saving millions of lives and preventing immense human suffering.
10 Dec Mother Teresa Receives Nobel Peace Prize: Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her extraordinary humanitarian work with the poor and destitute in India. Her selfless service and dedication to helping the most marginalized populations brought global attention to issues of poverty and compassion.
11 Dec Zimbabwe Gains Independence from Great Britain: On December 11, 1979, Great Britain officially granted independence to Zimbabwe, marking the end of colonial rule and a significant milestone in the country's political history. This event followed years of struggle and negotiations, transitioning the nation from being known as Rhodesia to the sovereign state of Zimbabwe.
12 Dec South Korean Military Coup: A significant military coup occurred in South Korea, led by Major General Chun Doo-hwan, which dramatically altered the country's political landscape and military leadership.
13 Dec Canadian Government Falls: The government of Prime Minister Joe Clark was defeated in the House of Commons, triggering a significant political event that would lead to the 1980 Canadian federal election and potential shifts in the country's political leadership.
14 Dec The Clash Releases Iconic Album 'London Calling': The legendary punk rock band The Clash released their groundbreaking third studio album 'London Calling', which would become one of the most influential rock albums of the late 20th century. The album blended punk, reggae, ska, and rockabilly, marking a significant evolution in the band's musical style.
15 Dec Bill of Rights Becomes Constitutional Law: The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified and became law, establishing fundamental civil liberties and protections for American citizens.
16 Dec OPEC Oil Price Increase: Libya joined four other OPEC nations in raising crude oil prices, triggering an immediate and significant economic impact on the United States and global energy markets.
17 Dec Terry Fox Begins Marathon of Hope Training: Terry Fox, a courageous amputee who lost his leg to bone cancer, commenced training for his inspirational Marathon of Hope. His ambitious goal was to run over 5,300 kilometers (3,300 miles) across Canada to raise funds and awareness for cancer research, becoming a national hero and symbol of resilience.
18 Dec First Land Speed Record Breaking Sonic Speed: Stanley Barrett achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first person to exceed the speed of sound on land, driving a specially designed vehicle and reaching an incredible speed of 739.666 miles per hour. This groundbreaking achievement represented a significant moment in automotive and speed engineering history.
19 Dec Iran Adopts New Constitution: Following the Iranian Revolution earlier in 1979, Iran formally accepted its new constitution on December 19, establishing the framework for an Islamic Republic governed by revolutionary principles. This constitution fundamentally transformed Iran's political system, replacing the monarchical regime with a theocratic structure that emphasized Islamic law and governance.
21 Dec Lancaster House Agreement Signed: A pivotal independence agreement for Rhodesia (soon to become Zimbabwe) is signed in London by key political figures including Lord Carrington, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, and others, marking a critical moment in the decolonization of Southern Africa.
22 Dec Iran Hostage Crisis Begins: On December 22, 1979, a pivotal moment in U.S.-Iran relations occurred when Iranian students seized the American embassy in Tehran, taking 52 American diplomats and citizens hostage. This event marked a significant escalation of tensions between the United States and Iran, lasting 444 days and profoundly impacting international diplomacy.
23 Dec Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: On December 23, 1979, Soviet forces occupied Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, marking a critical moment in the Soviet-Afghan War. Soviet troops entered the country to support the communist government and replace President Hafizullah Amin with Babrak Karmal, fundamentally altering the geopolitical landscape of Central Asia.
24 Dec Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: The Soviet Union launched a military intervention in Afghanistan, deploying troops under the pretext of supporting the Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty of 1978. This invasion marked the beginning of a prolonged and complex conflict that would significantly impact global geopolitics during the Cold War era.
25 Dec Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: The USSR airlifts an invasionary army into Afghanistan, marking the beginning of a complex and prolonged military intervention that would significantly impact global geopolitics.
26 Dec Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Begins: Soviet Special forces troops take over the presidential palace in Kabul, Afghanistan, marking the start of a significant military intervention that would dramatically reshape geopolitical dynamics in Central Asia.
27 Dec Soviet-Backed Regime Change in Afghanistan: Babrak Karmal, a prominent leader of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), is installed as the new head of government following a Soviet-orchestrated political transition.
29 Dec Iran Accepts Constitution: Iran formally accepted its constitution, a significant political milestone in the country's governance structure following the Iranian Revolution earlier in 1979.
30 Dec Togo Adopts New Constitution: The West African nation of Togo formally adopts a new constitution, signaling a potential shift in its political governance and institutional framework. This constitutional change represents an important moment in Togo's post-colonial political development and potential democratic reforms.
31 Dec Shanghai New Year's Eve Stampede Tragedy: On December 31, 1979, a devastating New Year's Eve celebration in Shanghai resulted in a fatal crowd stampede that claimed the lives of at least 36 people and injured 49 others. This tragic incident highlighted significant crowd management and public safety challenges during large public gatherings.

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