Major Events of 1981: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll explore the most significant occurrences from 1981, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

Major Events of 1981 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan International Year for the Disabled: The United Nations launched the International Year for the Disabled, aimed at promoting understanding of disability issues and enhancing rights and opportunities for people with disabilities worldwide.
02 Jan Ibrox Disaster: A tragic crowd crush occurred at Ibrox Park during a football match between Rangers and Celtic, resulting in 66 fatalities and over 200 injuries. This devastating event is considered one of the worst stadium disasters in British football history, leading to significant changes in crowd management and stadium safety regulations.
03 Jan Yorkshire Ripper Arrested: Peter Sutcliffe, infamously known as the Yorkshire Ripper, was finally captured by police in Sheffield, England, concluding the largest manhunt in British criminal history. Sutcliffe was responsible for a series of brutal murders that terrorized Northern England throughout the late 1970s.
04 Jan Arrest of Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper: Sheffield police arrested Peter Sutcliffe, a 34-year-old lorry driver, on suspicion of being the notorious serial killer known as the Yorkshire Ripper. Sutcliffe was responsible for murdering 13 women and attacking seven others over a six-year period. He was later convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for his heinous crimes.
05 Jan Iran-Iraq War: First Iranian Counterattack: Iran launched its first significant counterattack against Iraq since the September invasion, concentrating military forces at Sousangerd. This marked a turning point in the conflict, with Iranian forces eventually driving Iraqi troops out of Iranian territory and subsequently advancing into Iraqi territory. The war would continue for seven more years, ultimately lasting until 1988.
06 Jan Tragic Amazon River Boat Disaster: The Brazilian double-decker boat 'Novo Amapo' capsized in the Amazon River near Belem de Cajari, Macapa, resulting in a devastating loss of 230 lives. This maritime tragedy highlighted the risks of river transportation in the region.
07 Jan Birth of Alex Auld, Canadian Hockey Goaltender: Alex Auld was born on January 7, 1981, in Canada. He became a professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for multiple teams, including the Vancouver Canucks, Boston Bruins, Phoenix Coyotes, and Ottawa Senators. Known for his solid goaltending skills, Auld was an important player in the NHL during the early to mid-2000s.
08 Jan Disneyland Celebrates 200 Millionth Guest: Disneyland theme park welcomed its 200-millionth guest, Gert Schelvis, marking a significant milestone in the park's popularity and success.
09 Jan Murder of Emperor Xizong of Jin: In a dramatic palace coup, Prince Hailing of Jin and other court officials assassinated Emperor Xizong, with Hailing subsequently ascending to the imperial throne, dramatically altering the Jin dynasty's succession.
10 Jan Salvadoran Civil War Begins: The FMLN initiated a prolonged guerrilla war against the El Salvador government, a conflict that would persist for eleven years, causing significant political and social upheaval in the region.
11 Jan FMLN Launches Guerrilla Offensive in El Salvador: The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) initiated a major guerrilla offensive against the El Salvador government, marking the beginning of an eleven-year civil conflict that would significantly impact the country's political landscape.
12 Jan Macheteros Attack Muñiz Air Base: Puerto Rican separatist group Macheteros conducts a strategic raid on the Air National Guard's Muñiz Air Base at 1:30 am. The militants successfully set explosives that destroyed nine military jets, including eight A-7 Corsair IIs and one F-104 Starfighter, in a significant act of political resistance.
13 Jan Bollingen Prize for Poetry Awarded: The prestigious Bollingen Prize for poetry was jointly awarded to distinguished poets May Swenson and Howard Nemerov, recognizing their significant contributions to American literary arts.
14 Jan FDA Approves Extended Wear Contact Lenses: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first extended wear contact lenses, allowing users to keep lenses in their eyes for prolonged periods, representing a significant advancement in vision technology.
15 Jan Pope John Paul II Meets Solidarity Delegation: Pope John Paul II, himself a Polish native, receives a delegation from Solidarity, the Polish trade union that played a crucial role in challenging Communist rule, led by Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican.
16 Jan Bernadette Devlin McAliskey Shooting: Protestant paramilitary gunmen conducted a violent attack on civil rights activist Bernadette Devlin McAliskey and her husband, shooting and wounding them. This incident was part of the ongoing sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland known as 'The Troubles'.
17 Jan End of Martial Law in the Philippines: Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos officially lifts martial law after eight years and five months of authoritarian rule. Despite ending the state of siege, Marcos retains most of his martial law decrees and powers, maintaining significant control over the country's political landscape until scheduled elections in 1984.
18 Jan Iran-US Hostage Crisis Resolution: Iran accepts the United States' offer of $7.9 billion in frozen assets in exchange for the release of American hostages, marking a significant diplomatic breakthrough in the long-standing hostage crisis.
19 Jan Iran Hostage Crisis Resolution: The United States and Iran signed a historic agreement to release 52 American hostages who had been held captive for 14 months. This diplomatic breakthrough marked the end of a prolonged and tense international standoff that had significantly strained US-Iran relations.
20 Jan Iran Releases American Hostages After Reagan's Inauguration: Iran releases 52 American hostages twenty minutes after Ronald Reagan is inaugurated as U.S. President, marking the end of the 444-day Iran hostage crisis.
21 Jan IRA Assassinates Ulster Unionist MPs: Norman Stronge and his son James, both former Ulster Unionist Members of Parliament, are assassinated by the Irish Republican Army at their home, Tynan Abbey. Following the murders, the perpetrators burned down the family residence, marking a violent episode in the ongoing Northern Ireland conflict.
22 Jan Iranian Embassy Siege Survivor Sentenced: Fowzi Nejad, the sole surviving terrorist from the infamous Iranian Embassy siege in London, pleaded guilty to manslaughter of two hostages and was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment, marking a significant legal resolution to the high-profile terrorist incident.
23 Jan Ronald Reagan Presidential Inauguration: Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, marking a significant shift in American political leadership and ushering in a new conservative era of governance.
24 Jan Sichuan Earthquake Tragedy: A devastating 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck Sichuan, China, resulting in 150 fatalities and 300 injuries, highlighting the region's seismic vulnerability.
25 Jan Iran Hostage Crisis Resolution: 52 American diplomats and citizens, who were held hostage in Iran for 444 days following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, finally return to the United States, marking the end of a prolonged international crisis that significantly impacted US-Iran relations.
26 Jan Sandeep Patil's Historic Cricket Performance: On January 26, 1981, Indian cricket batsman Sandeep Patil delivered a remarkable performance, scoring an impressive 174 runs against Australia at the Adelaide Oval. This innings was a significant moment in Indian cricket history, showcasing Patil's exceptional batting skills and ability to perform on challenging international grounds.
27 Jan Tampomas II Maritime Disaster: On January 27, 1981, the Indonesian passenger ship Tampomas II caught fire and capsized in the Java Sea, resulting in a tragic loss of 580 lives. This maritime disaster highlighted significant safety concerns in passenger shipping during that era.
28 Jan Reagan Deregulates Petroleum Market: President Ronald Reagan lifted remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls, a pivotal economic decision that effectively ended the 1979 energy crisis and set the stage for the 1980s oil glut, significantly impacting U.S. energy policy and economic dynamics.
29 Jan Reagan's First Presidential Press Conference: On January 29, 1981, newly inaugurated President Ronald Reagan held his inaugural press conference, marking a significant moment in his early presidency. During the 25-minute session, Reagan began by discussing a recent congressional budget increase and then fielded challenging questions from the press corps, demonstrating his communication skills and political approach.
30 Jan Birth of Dimitar Berbatov: Dimitar Berbatov was born in Bulgaria, who would later become a renowned football player and captain of the Bulgarian national football team. Known for his exceptional technical skills and elegant playing style, Berbatov played for top clubs like Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, and Bayer Leverkusen during his professional career.
31 Jan Justin Timberlake Born: Justin Timberlake, a multi-talented American entertainer known for his work in music, acting, and producing, was born on this day. He would later become a global pop culture icon.
01 Feb Infamous Underarm Bowling Incident: During the final of the Benson & Hedges World Series Cup, Australian cricketer Trevor Chappell controversially bowled an underarm delivery to New Zealand's Brian McKechnie on the last ball, preventing New Zealand from potentially scoring the six runs needed to tie the match. This unsportsmanlike act directly led to the International Cricket Council banning underarm bowling as it violated the spirit of the game.
02 Feb Death of Donald W. Douglas, Aircraft Pioneer: Donald W. Douglas, a pioneering American aircraft designer and manufacturer who founded Douglas Aircraft Company, passed away at the age of 88. His innovative work significantly shaped the aviation industry, particularly during the early and mid-20th century, with iconic aircraft designs that revolutionized commercial and military aviation.
03 Feb Australia beats New Zealand 3-1 to win World Series Cup.
04 Feb Prince Charles Proposes to Lady Diana Spencer: At an intimate dinner in Buckingham Palace, Prince Charles proposed marriage to Lady Diana Spencer, marking the beginning of what would become one of the most famous and scrutinized royal relationships of the 20th century. This proposal would lead to a globally watched wedding later that year.
05 Feb Operation Soap: Toronto Gay Bathhouse Raids: The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force conducted a significant raid on four gay bathhouses in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, arresting approximately 300 individuals. This event sparked widespread protests and became a pivotal moment in LGBTQ+ rights history, highlighting systemic discrimination and police harassment against the gay community.
06 Feb Start of Ugandan Bush War: The National Resistance Army (NRA), led by future president Yoweri Museveni, launches an attack on a Ugandan Army installation in the Mubende District, marking the beginning of the Ugandan Bush War, a significant conflict that would reshape Uganda's political landscape.
07 Feb Soviet Military Tupolev Tu-104 Crash: A Tupolev Tu-104 aircraft catastrophically crashed during takeoff, resulting in the complete loss of all passengers and crew. The flight, traveling from Leningrad to Vladivostok, carried 70 Soviet military personnel, including 24 high-ranking admirals and generals. The crash represented a significant military leadership loss and raised serious questions about aviation safety in the Soviet military during the early 1980s.
08 Feb IBM Launches Personal Computer: IBM introduces its first personal computer (IBM PC), a landmark moment in personal computing history that would revolutionize the technology industry and set standards for future personal computer design.
09 Feb Royal Engagement Announcement: Prince Charles proposes marriage to Lady Diana Spencer during an intimate dinner at Buckingham Palace, setting the stage for what would become one of the most famous royal marriages of the 20th century.
10 Feb Las Vegas Hilton Hotel Fire Tragedy: A devastating fire at the Las Vegas Hilton hotel-casino resulted in eight fatalities and 198 injuries, causing significant damage and loss of life. The fire broke out on the 8th floor around 8:00 pm and rapidly spread upward through the 22-story building, creating a catastrophic scene of destruction.
11 Feb Soviet Military Leadership Decimated in Plane Crash: A Tupolev Tu-104 aircraft carrying 70 Soviet military officers crashed during takeoff from Leningrad to Vladivostok, resulting in the complete loss of all passengers. The catastrophic incident claimed the lives of 24 high-ranking admirals and generals, including Admiral Emil Spiridonov, Commander of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, and Lt. Gen. Georgi Pavlov, Commander of the Pacific Air Wing. The Soviet government delayed acknowledging the tragedy for four days.
12 Feb Admiral Bobby R. Inman CIA Appointment: Admiral Bobby R. Inman of the US Navy is appointed as deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), bringing significant military leadership to intelligence operations.
13 Feb Rupert Murdoch Acquires The Times and Sunday Times: Australian media mogul Rupert Murdoch purchased The Times and The Sunday Times for £12 million, marking a significant moment in British media ownership. This acquisition represented a major shift in the landscape of British print journalism, with Murdoch's News International gaining control of two prestigious and influential newspapers.
14 Feb Stardust Nightclub Fire Tragedy: In the early morning hours of February 14, 1981, a devastating fire broke out at the Stardust nightclub in Artane, Dublin, Ireland. The catastrophic blaze resulted in 48 fatalities and left 214 people injured, becoming one of the worst fire disasters in Irish history. The incident prompted significant investigations into fire safety regulations and building standards.
15 Feb Richard Petty Wins 23rd Daytona 500: Racing legend Richard Petty achieved a historic milestone by winning his record 7th Daytona 500 title, narrowly beating Bobby Allison by 3.5 seconds in an intense and memorable race.
16 Feb Reagan's Executive Order Transforms Regulatory Landscape: President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12291 on February 16, 1981, fundamentally reshaping the federal regulatory process. The order mandated that executive branch agencies submit proposed rules and regulations to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), requiring a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. This directive ensured that potential societal benefits of any new regulation would demonstrably outweigh potential implementation costs, marking a significant shift in governmental regulatory approach.
17 Feb Reagan Issues Executive Order on Regulatory Review: President Ronald Reagan signed Executive Order 12291, a pivotal administrative directive requiring federal agencies to conduct comprehensive cost-benefit analyses for proposed regulations, marking a significant shift in governmental regulatory approach.
18 Feb Ronald Reagan Presidential Inauguration: Ronald Reagan is inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States. He proposes a significant shift in economic policy, advocating for increased defense spending while simultaneously calling for decreased taxes and domestic spending in his address to Congress.
19 Feb Ford Motor Company Massive Financial Loss: Ford Motor Company announced a significant financial setback, reporting a substantial loss of $1.5 billion, highlighting the economic challenges facing the automotive industry in the early 1980s.
20 Feb James Sanford Sets 50-Meter Indoor World Record: James Sanford equaled the 50-meter indoor world record with an impressive time of 5.61 seconds, showcasing remarkable speed and athletic prowess in track and field.
21 Feb Capture of the Yorkshire Ripper: Peter Sutcliffe, a notorious serial killer known as the Yorkshire Ripper, was finally apprehended by law enforcement after a reign of terror that resulted in the murder of 13 women across Northern England. His capture brought significant relief to communities that had lived in fear during his killing spree.
22 Feb Amy Alcott Wins LPGA Golf Tournament: Professional golfer Amy Alcott secured victory at the Bent Tree Ladies Golf Classic, showcasing her skill and competitive prowess in the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tournament.
23 Feb 1981 Spanish Coup Attempt: On February 23, 1981, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero, along with 200 armed Civil Guard officers, stormed the Congress of Deputies chamber in Madrid during a vote to swear in Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo as President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, but the coup failed after King Juan Carlos I denounced the coup in a public television broadcast, calling for rule of law and the democratic government to continue.
24 Feb Devastating Athens-Corinth Earthquake: A severe magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the Athens-Corinth region in Greece, resulting in 16 fatalities, over 400 injuries, and extensive structural damage across multiple towns.
25 Feb Political Leadership Change in Spain: Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo was elected as the Prime Minister of Spain, marking a significant moment in the country's post-Franco democratic transition.
26 Feb French TGV Sets Speed Record: The French Train à Grande Vitesse (TGV) achieved an impressive average speed of 380 kilometers per hour during a trial run, demonstrating significant advancements in high-speed rail technology.
27 Feb McCartney and Wonder Record Iconic Duet: Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder collaborate to record their groundbreaking hit song 'Ebony and Ivory', a powerful musical statement about racial harmony and unity.
28 Feb Bobby Sands Begins Hunger Strike at Maze Prison: IRA member Bobby Sands initiated a hunger strike at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland, marking a pivotal moment in the Irish Republican movement that would capture global media attention and become a significant event in the Northern Ireland conflict.
01 Mar Bobby Sands Hunger Strike Begins: Bobby Sands, a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, initiated a hunger strike in HM Prison Maze, protesting for political prisoner status. This act would become a pivotal moment in the Northern Ireland conflict, drawing international attention to the republican prisoners' struggle and ultimately leading to his death on May 5, 1981, after 66 days of fasting.
02 Mar Black People's Day of Action in Response to New Cross Massacre: The inaugural Black People's Day of Action was organized by the New Cross Massacre Action Committee, led by John La Rose, to protest the tragic fire that killed 13 young Black people. The event featured a powerful march from the fire scene to the Houses of Parliament, highlighting racial injustice and community solidarity.
03 Mar Yip Harburg Tragic Death: Yip Harburg, the renowned 84-year-old American lyricist famous for writing 'Over the Rainbow', died in a tragic automobile accident. Harburg was a significant figure in American musical theater and popular music.
04 Mar Carol Banawa: Filipino Pop Singer Emerges: Carol Banawa is a prominent Filipino singer who gained significant recognition in the Philippine music industry during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Known for her powerful vocal range and emotive performances, she became a notable figure in the local pop music scene, releasing several hit albums and singles that resonated with Filipino audiences.
05 Mar ZX81 Home Computer Launch: Sinclair Research launched the ZX81, a pioneering British home computer that would revolutionize personal computing, ultimately selling over 1.5 million units worldwide and making computing accessible to the general public.
06 Mar Walter Cronkite Signs Off as CBS Evening News Anchor: Legendary broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite concludes his remarkable 19-year tenure as the anchor of CBS Evening News, marking the end of an era in American television journalism.
07 Mar Tragic Murder at Disneyland: An 18-year-old boy was fatally stabbed during a violent altercation at Disneyland, marking the first homicide in the theme park's history. The incident occurred after a confrontation with James O'Driscoll, reportedly triggered by an inappropriate physical interaction with O'Driscoll's girlfriend.
08 Mar Radioactive Wastewater Spill at Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant: A significant environmental incident occurred at the Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, where thousands of gallons of radioactive wastewater were accidentally spilled, raising serious concerns about nuclear safety and potential ecological contamination.
09 Mar First Successful Human Heart-Lung Transplant: A groundbreaking medical achievement occurred at Stanford University Medical Center when Dr. Bruce Reitz and his surgical team successfully performed the first human heart-lung transplant. The recipient was Mary Gohlke, a 45-year-old woman from Mesa, Arizona, suffering from end-stage primary pulmonary hypertension. The donor was a 15-year-old boy who had tragically died from severe head trauma two days prior. This medical milestone represented a significant advancement in organ transplantation and surgical techniques.
10 Mar Kim Carnes' 'Bette Davis Eyes' Single Released: Popular music artist Kim Carnes released the hit single 'Bette Davis Eyes', which would become one of the most successful and memorable songs of 1981, eventually winning Grammy Awards and becoming a cultural touchstone of the early 1980s.
11 Mar Pinochet Continues Military Rule in Chile: Chile's new constitution takes effect, with military dictator Augusto Pinochet being sworn in for another 8-year presidential term, further solidifying his authoritarian regime's control over the country.
12 Mar Soyuz T-4 Mission to Salyut 6 Space Station: A Soyuz T-4 spacecraft successfully launched, carrying two cosmonauts to the Salyut 6 space station, continuing the Soviet Union's pioneering space exploration efforts during the early 1980s.
13 Mar Assassination Attempt on Pope John Paul II: On March 13, 1981, Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca attempted to assassinate Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City. The Pope was critically wounded but survived the shooting, which was later revealed to have potential connections to international political conspiracies.
14 Mar NCAA Basketball Tournament Upset: In a shocking second-round upset of the NCAA tournament, St. Joseph's University defeated the unbeaten and top-ranked DePaul University basketball team with a narrow 49-48 victory.
15 Mar Pakistani Airline Hostage Crisis Resolved: 147 passengers and crew members traveling on a Pakistan Airways Boeing 720 airplane were held captive for almost 15 days before being released in Syria. The hostage situation was resolved through a complex negotiation where the Pakistan government agreed to release 54 prisoners of political significance in exchange for the safe return of the passengers and crew.
16 Mar Roxy Music's 'Jealous Guy' Leads UK Charts: On March 16, 1981, Roxy Music's song 'Jealous Guy' topped the UK music charts, showcasing the band's continued musical influence during the early 1980s.
17 Mar Propaganda Due Masonic Lodge Exposed in Italy: On March 17, 1981, Italian authorities uncovered the controversial Propaganda Due (P2) Masonic Lodge, a secretive and influential organization linked to political and financial elites. The discovery revealed a complex network of powerful individuals who had been operating behind the scenes, potentially influencing Italian politics and society.
18 Mar Kosovo Ethnic Tensions Escalate: Significant tensions erupted in Kosovo, Yugoslavia, as police and Albanian demonstrators engaged in violent clashes. This event highlights the growing ethnic and political tensions in the region during the early 1980s, foreshadowing future conflicts.
19 Mar Space Shuttle Columbia Accident: A tragic accident occurred during a test of the Space Shuttle Columbia, resulting in the deaths of three workers and injuries to five others. This incident highlighted the inherent risks in space exploration and technological development.
20 Mar Jean Harris Murder Conviction: Jean Harris was sentenced to 15 years to life in prison for the murder of Dr. Herman Tarnower, known as the 'Scarsdale Diet Doctor'. This high-profile case captured national attention and highlighted issues of personal relationships and criminal justice.
21 Mar Tragic Death of Mike Hailwood and Daughter: Legendary 9-time World Grand Prix motorcycle champion Mike Hailwood and his 9-year-old daughter Michelle were tragically killed in a fatal road accident near their home in Tanworth-in-Arden, England. Hailwood's Rover SD1 collided with a truck, cutting short the life of one of motorcycle racing's most celebrated athletes.
22 Mar First Mongolian in Space: Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa made history as the first Mongolian cosmonaut, launched into space aboard Soyuz 39 alongside Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov, representing a significant milestone in Mongolia's space exploration.
23 Mar US Supreme Court Abortion Parental Notification Ruling: The US Supreme Court ruled that states could require parental notification when teenage girls sought abortions, with certain exceptions to protect the rights and safety of minors.
24 Mar Nightline Debuts on ABC: ABC News launches 'Nightline' with Ted Koppel, a groundbreaking late-night news program that would become an influential platform for in-depth news analysis and reporting.
25 Mar Bowers and Ruddy Galleries Auction of Garrett Coin Collection: From March 25 to March 26, 1981, Bowers and Ruddy Galleries conducted a significant auction featuring a portion of the renowned Garrett coin collection. This auction was a notable event in the numismatic world, offering collectors and investors an opportunity to acquire rare and valuable coins from one of the most prestigious private collections.
26 Mar Carol Burnett Wins Landmark Libel Case: Comedian Carol Burnett won a significant legal victory, securing a $1.6 million verdict against the National Enquirer in a landmark libel lawsuit, which set an important precedent for celebrity legal rights and media accountability.
27 Mar Massive Solidarity Movement Strike in Poland: On March 27, 1981, the Solidarity movement in Poland staged a significant nationwide warning strike, demonstrating the labor union's growing power and resistance against communist government oppression. Approximately 12 million Polish workers walked off their jobs for four hours, making it one of the largest peaceful protests in Eastern European history during the Cold War era.
28 Mar Martina Navratilova Defeats Andrea Jaeger in WTA Tour Championships: Tennis legend Martina Navratilova defeated 16-year-old American tennis prodigy Andrea Jaeger 6-3, 7-6 in the final of the WTA Tour Championships at Madison Square Garden, New York City.
29 Mar First London Marathon Inaugural Race: The first London Marathon was held, featuring 7,500 runners. The race was jointly won by Dick Beardsley of the United States and Inge Simonsen, marking a historic moment in long-distance running.
30 Mar Reagan Assassination Attempt: On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan was shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley Jr. This dramatic event marked a significant moment in U.S. presidential history, as Reagan became the first president to survive the so-called 'Tecumseh's curse' - a superstition where presidents elected in years ending with zero were believed to die in office.
31 Mar Attempted Assassination of US President Ronald Reagan: US President Ronald Reagan was shot and wounded in an assassination attempt by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. Three others were also wounded during the incident, including White House Press Secretary James Brady, Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy, and a police officer.
01 Apr Wayne Gretzky Breaks NHL Assist Record: Edmonton Oilers center Wayne Gretzky breaks Bobby Orr's 10-year record for most assists in a single NHL season, recording his 103rd assist in a 4-4 tie against the Colorado Rockies.
02 Apr Syrian Military Bombing of Lebanese Christian Areas: Syrian military aircraft conducted bombing raids on Lebanese Christian strongholds in Zahlé and East Beirut, dramatically escalating tensions and reigniting active hostilities in the Lebanese Civil War. These airstrikes represented a significant military escalation in the ongoing sectarian conflict.
03 Apr Osborne 1: First Successful Portable Computer: The Osborne 1 was unveiled at the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco, marking a revolutionary moment in personal computing. This groundbreaking device was the first truly portable computer, weighing 24 pounds and featuring a 5-inch CRT monitor.
04 Apr First Mexican-American Mayor in US History: Henry Cisneros makes history by becoming the first Mexican-American mayor of a major US city, breaking significant ground for Hispanic political representation in the United States.
05 Apr Reagan Pardons FBI Agents Felt and Miller: President Ronald Reagan pardoned FBI agents W. Mark Felt and Edward S. Miller, who had been convicted of conspiracy to violate civil rights during investigations of the Weather Underground terrorist group. Reagan's pardon statement emphasized national healing and recognized the agents' actions as being motivated by principle during a turbulent period in American history.
06 Apr Yugoslav Government Sends Troops to Kosovo: The Yugoslav government deployed military troops to Kosovo, signaling rising tensions in the region. This event was part of the complex ethnic and political dynamics that would eventually lead to the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Kosovo War in the 1990s.
07 Apr End of Soyuz '81 Military Maneuvers: The Warsaw Pact military maneuvers known as 'Soyuz '81' concluded, reducing international tensions and alleviating fears of a potential Soviet invasion of Poland during the Solidarity movement era.
08 Apr Warsaw Pact Soyuz '81 Military Maneuvers Conclude: The 'Soyuz '81' military maneuvers conducted by Warsaw Pact nations officially ended, reducing international tensions and alleviating fears of a potential invasion of Poland aimed at suppressing the Solidarity labor union movement.
09 Apr USS George Washington Maritime Incident: The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Japanese cargo ship Nissho Maru, causing the freighter to sink and resulting in the tragic loss of two Japanese sailors' lives.
10 Apr Bobby Sands Elected to British Parliament: Imprisoned Irish Republican Army (IRA) hunger striker Bobby Sands was elected to the British Parliament in a historic by-election for the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituency. This election was a significant moment in the Northern Ireland conflict, highlighting the political tensions and the growing international attention on the IRA's struggle.
11 Apr Reagan's Hospital Discharge: US President Ronald Reagan returns home to the White House after recovering from an assassination attempt by John Hinckley Jr. on March 30, 1981. This marked a significant moment of resilience for the president and the nation.
12 Apr First Space Shuttle Launch: The Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1 mission) was launched from Kennedy Space Center, marking a pivotal moment in space exploration. Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen piloted the world's first reusable spacecraft, initiating a new era of space transportation. This historic flight represented the first American crewed spaceflight since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975.
13 Apr Janet Cooke Pulitzer Prize Controversy: Janet Cooke, a journalist for The Washington Post, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for her story 'Jimmy's World', a dramatic narrative about an 8-year-old heroin addict. However, subsequent investigation revealed that the story was entirely fabricated. Cooke was forced to admit the story was a hoax and voluntarily returned her Pulitzer Prize, marking a significant ethical breach in journalism.
14 Apr First Space Shuttle Columbia Returns to Earth: The Space Shuttle Columbia completed its inaugural mission, successfully returning to Earth after a groundbreaking test flight. This historic mission marked a pivotal moment in human spaceflight, demonstrating the capabilities of NASA's new reusable spacecraft technology.
15 Apr First Space Shuttle Landing in California: Space Shuttle Columbia completes a historic mission, becoming the first crewed orbital spacecraft to land in California. Despite multiple technical challenges including thermostat malfunctions, cargo door issues, zero-G toilet problems, and heat-shielding tile loss, the mission represents a significant milestone in space exploration.
16 Apr First Space Shuttle Mission Concludes: The Columbia space shuttle, NASA's first reusable spacecraft, successfully completes its maiden voyage, returning to Earth after a groundbreaking mission that marked a new era in space exploration.
17 Apr Tragic Air U.S. Flight 716 Collision: A devastating mid-air collision occurred between Air U.S. Flight 716 (traveling from Denver to Gillette, Wyoming) and a Cessna airplane carrying parachutists from the Skies West Skydiving Club. The accident resulted in 13 fatalities on the airliner and 2 skydiver deaths, while the remaining skydivers successfully parachuted to safety.
18 Apr Longest Professional Baseball Game in History: A historic Minor League baseball game between the Rochester Red Wings and the Pawtucket Red Sox at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, sets the record for the longest professional baseball game ever played. The marathon match lasted an extraordinary 8 hours and 25 minutes, spanning 33 innings. The game was uniquely suspended at 4:00 AM and was ultimately completed on June 23rd, creating a legendary moment in baseball history.
19 Apr Historic Baseball Game Suspension: The Rochester Red Wings and Pawtucket Red Sox played an extraordinary baseball game that was suspended after 32 innings, with the score tied at 2-2, ending at 4:07 AM - a testament to the players' endurance.
20 Apr Boston Marathon Men's Race: The 85th Boston Marathon was won by Toshihiko Seko of Japan, who completed the race in a remarkable time of 2:09:26.
21 Apr US Arms Deal with Saudi Arabia: The United States provided a significant military aid package of US$1 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia, reinforcing strategic military cooperation in the Middle East during the early 1980s.
22 Apr USSR Nuclear Test in Kazakhstan: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development program.
23 Apr Reagan Announces Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI): US President Ronald Reagan delivered a landmark national security address, introducing the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as 'Star Wars'. This ambitious satellite-based defense system was designed to intercept and destroy incoming nuclear missiles and warheads in space, representing a significant shift in Cold War military strategy.
24 Apr IBM Personal Computer Introduced: IBM launches its first personal computer (IBM PC), a groundbreaking moment in personal computing history that would revolutionize the technology industry and set standards for future personal computer design.
25 Apr Radiation Exposure at Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant: A significant radiation exposure incident occurred during repairs at the Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, affecting over 100 workers and highlighting potential safety risks in nuclear facility maintenance.
26 Apr World's First Human Open Fetal Surgery: Dr. Michael R. Harrison of the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center successfully performed the groundbreaking first human open fetal surgery, marking a significant milestone in medical science and prenatal care.
27 Apr Xerox Star Information System Launch: Xerox introduced the groundbreaking Xerox 8010 Star Information System, a pioneering personal computer featuring advanced technologies like graphics display, word processor, mouse, laser printer, and Ethernet. Despite its innovative design and production of 100,000 units, the system was not commercially successful, priced at approximately $16,000.
28 Apr Reagan Presents Economic Recovery Program to Congress: President Ronald Reagan delivered a pivotal address to the United States Congress, outlining his comprehensive Program for Economic Recovery, which would later become known as 'Reaganomics'.
29 Apr Yorkshire Ripper Confession: Peter Sutcliffe, notorious serial killer known as the Yorkshire Ripper, officially admitted to murdering 13 women in a shocking confession that brought closure to a terrifying series of crimes that had gripped the United Kingdom during the late 1970s.
30 Apr South African Volksraad Elections: The ruling National Party secured a significant majority in the elections for the Volksraad, capturing 131 out of 165 seats in the lower house of South Africa's Parliament. This election further consolidated the apartheid regime's political control during a tumultuous period in South African history.
01 May American Airlines Launches AAdvantage Program: American Airlines introduced the world's first frequent-flyer program, 'AAdvantage', revolutionizing customer loyalty in the airline industry by offering rewards and benefits to frequent travelers.
02 May Aer Lingus Flight 164 Hijacking Incident: On May 2, 1981, Aer Lingus Flight 164 from Dublin to London was hijacked by Laurence James Downey, a man obsessed with uncovering the third secret of Fátima. Downey held 113 passengers and crew hostage for 8 hours, demanding the publication of his manifesto and pressuring Pope John Paul II to disclose the religious secret. French anti-terrorist police successfully intervened and took Downey into custody without revealing the mysterious secret he sought.
03 May Symeon of Thessaloniki Canonized: Symeon of Thessaloniki was unanimously proclaimed a saint by the Greek Orthodox Church, recognizing his significant religious contributions and spiritual leadership.
04 May Ron Davis Strikes Out Record-Breaking Performance: New York Yankees pitcher Ron Davis achieved an extraordinary pitching performance, striking out eight consecutive California Angels batters and a total of 13 out of 14 faced. He also secured a save for Gene Nelson's first win in a 4-2 game.
05 May Death of Bobby Sands: Bobby Sands, a prominent Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer and elected Member of Parliament, died at age 27 after a prolonged 66-day hunger strike in the Long Kesh prison hospital. His death became a pivotal moment in the Northern Ireland conflict, drawing international attention to the republican prisoners' struggle and the British government's policies.
06 May Vietnam Veterans Memorial Design Selected: Maya Ying Lin's groundbreaking design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was unanimously selected by a jury of architects and sculptors from 1,421 submitted entries, a pivotal moment in commemorating the Vietnam War.
07 May US Expels Libyan Diplomats Over Terrorism Concerns: The United States government took decisive diplomatic action by ordering the closure of the Libyan Embassy in Washington, D.C. This move was a direct response to Libya's alleged support of international terrorism, marking a significant escalation in U.S.-Libyan diplomatic tensions during the Cold War era.
08 May Maurice Fernandes, Cricket Captain: Maurice Fernandes, a notable West Indies cricket captain who led the team to its first Test victory against England in 1930, died on this date. He was a pioneering figure in Caribbean cricket history.
09 May Nepal's First Direct Elections: Nepal held its first direct elections for the Rashtriya Panchayat, marking a significant milestone in the country's democratic development and political transformation.
10 May Mitterrand Assumes Presidential Office: François Mitterrand is inaugurated as the first Socialist President of France in the Fifth Republic, signaling a major political transformation.
11 May Bob Marley's Passing: End of a Musical Legend: Renowned Jamaican singer-songwriter Robert Nesta 'Bob' Marley passed away from skin cancer at the age of 36, marking the end of an era for reggae music and global cultural activism. His death was a profound loss for music and social justice movements worldwide.
12 May Francis Hughes Dies in Hunger Strike: Francis Hughes, a Provisional IRA prisoner, died after a prolonged hunger strike in the Maze Prison, demanding political prisoner status, highlighting the intense political conflict in Northern Ireland.
13 May Assassination Attempt on Pope John Paul II: On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot and critically wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca in St. Peter's Square, Rome. The assassination attempt shocked the world and raised significant questions about the Pope's safety and the motivations behind the attack. The Pope was rushed to the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic for emergency surgery and miraculously survived the shooting.
14 May Tragic Train Collision in South Korea: A devastating train collision near Kyongsan, South Korea, results in 53 fatalities and 233 injuries when an express train collided with another passenger train's rear.
15 May George Harrison Single Release: George Harrison released the single 'All Those Years Ago' in the UK, a poignant tribute to his former Beatles bandmate John Lennon, who was tragically murdered in 1980.
16 May 107th Preakness Stakes Victory: Jorge Velasquez rides Pleasant Colony to victory in the 107th Preakness Stakes, completing the race in an impressive time of 1:54.6. This significant horse racing event showcases the skill of both jockey and horse.
17 May New York Islanders Power Play Victory: The New York Islanders scored five power play goals against the Philadelphia Flyers in a crucial playoff game, demonstrating their offensive prowess and special teams effectiveness.
18 May Kim Carnes' "Bette Davis Eyes" Tops US Charts: The iconic pop song "Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes reached the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming a defining musical moment of the early 1980s. The track, which pays tribute to the legendary Hollywood actress Bette Davis, was part of Carnes' album "Mistaken Identity" and became one of the most memorable hits of 1981.
19 May George Harrison Releases 'All Those Years Ago': George Harrison released the single 'All Those Years Ago' in the United Kingdom. This poignant song was a heartfelt tribute to John Lennon, featuring musical contributions from Ringo Starr on drums and Paul and Linda McCartney on backing vocals, symbolizing the enduring bond between the former Beatles members.
20 May Birth of Iker Casillas: Iker Casillas, one of the most renowned Spanish football goalkeepers in history, was born on this date. He would go on to become a legendary player for Real Madrid and the Spanish national team, winning multiple World Cup and European Championship titles.
21 May Bob Marley Receives State Funeral: Jamaica honored its legendary reggae musician Bob Marley with a state funeral, commemorating the life and global cultural impact of one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.
22 May Key Break in Atlanta Child Murders Investigation: A critical breakthrough occurred in the Atlanta Child Murders investigation when FBI agents and Atlanta police observed Wayne Williams near a bridge on the James Jackson Parkway. After witnessing a suspicious incident involving a white Chevrolet station wagon and hearing a splash, they placed Williams under surveillance. Two days later, the body of Nathaniel Cater was discovered in the river, significantly advancing the investigation into the serial killings.
23 May NASA Launches Intelsat V Satellite: NASA successfully launched the Intelsat V communications satellite, marking another milestone in global telecommunications technology and satellite deployment.
24 May Tragic Death of Ecuadorian President Jaime Roldós Aguilera: Ecuadorian President Jaime Roldós Aguilera, his wife, and his presidential committee tragically die in an aircraft accident while traveling from Quito to Zapotillo. The crash occurred shortly after the president delivered a significant speech commemorating the 24 de Mayo anniversary of the Battle of Pichincha.
25 May Carl Yastrzemski Reaches 3,000 Hits Milestone: Boston Red Sox legend Carl Yastrzemski achieves a remarkable career milestone by becoming the fourth Major League Baseball player to record 3,000 hits, solidifying his place in baseball's Hall of Fame.
26 May Italian Government Resignation over P2 Masonic Scandal: The Italian government, led by Prime Minister Arnaldo Forlani, resigned due to revelations of high-level government officials' involvement with the controversial and secretive Propaganda Due (P2) Masonic lodge, which was linked to fascist activities and political manipulation.
27 May Murder of Roger Wheeler: Roger Wheeler, President of Telex Corporation and owner of World Jai Alai, was assassinated by gunmen after completing a round of golf, in what appeared to be a targeted killing.
28 May Death of Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński: Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński, a prominent Polish Catholic Church leader and Archbishop of Warsaw, passed away. Known as the 'Primate of the Millennium', he was a significant figure in Polish religious and political history during the communist era, advocating for human rights and national identity.
29 May United States Nuclear Test in Nevada: On May 29, 1981, the United States conducted a nuclear weapons test at the Nevada Test Site, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development and testing program. These underground nuclear tests were part of ongoing efforts to maintain and advance the country's nuclear capabilities during a period of heightened geopolitical tensions with the Soviet Union.
30 May Assassination of Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman: President Ziaur Rahman was shot and killed by a group of rebel military officers in Chittagong, marking a significant political upheaval in Bangladesh's history. The assassination occurred during a period of political instability and military tensions within the country.
31 May Burning of Jaffna Library: A tragic and significant event of ethnic violence in Sri Lanka, where the Jaffna Public Library was deliberately set on fire, resulting in the destruction of thousands of irreplaceable Tamil historical documents, books, and manuscripts. This act of biblioclasm was a devastating blow to Tamil cultural heritage and symbolized the deep-rooted ethnic tensions between Tamils and Sinhalese during the Sri Lankan Civil War period.
01 Jun Chevrolet Corvette Production Begins in Bowling Green: Chevrolet launched production of its iconic Corvette sports car at a new manufacturing plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The first model was a distinctive two-tone Beige over Dark Brown 1981 Corvette, marking a significant moment in American automotive manufacturing.
02 Jun Iconic Barbara Walters Interview with Katharine Hepburn: During a memorable television interview, Barbara Walters asked legendary actress Katharine Hepburn the now-famous metaphorical question: 'If you were a tree, what kind of tree would you be?' This moment became an emblematic example of Walters' unique interviewing style and Hepburn's witty personality.
03 Jun Pope John Paul II Recovers from Assassination Attempt: Pope John Paul II was released from the hospital after surviving a serious assassination attempt earlier that year. The pontiff had been shot on May 13, 1981, in St. Peter's Square by Mehmet Ali Ağca, and his recovery was closely watched by the global Catholic community.
04 Jun First Recognized Cases of AIDS Reported: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the first recognized cases of AIDS, identifying five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California who were suffering from a rare form of pneumonia typically seen only in patients with severely compromised immune systems. This landmark medical report would later be recognized as the initial documentation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
05 Jun First Recognized AIDS Cases in the United States: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report documents five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California, presenting a rare pneumonia typically seen only in patients with compromised immune systems. This report marks the first official recognition of what would later be identified as the AIDS epidemic, a pivotal moment in medical and public health history.
06 Jun Bihar Train Disaster: A catastrophic train accident occurred when seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger train derailed and fell into the River Kosi in Bihar, India, resulting in a massive loss of life. The train was traveling between Mansi and Saharsa when it jumped the tracks at a bridge crossing the Bagmati river.
07 Jun Detailed Account of Osiraq Reactor Destruction: Comprehensive details of the Israeli Air Force operation against Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor. Eight F-16 and six F-15 jets launched from Etzion Airbase, completing a precise 1-minute and 20-second raid that killed ten Iraqis and one Frenchman.
08 Jun Political Tension in Iran: Banisadr's Defiant Speech: Iranian President Abulhassan Banisadr delivered a provocative speech at the Shiraz Air Force base, challenging the leadership and calling for resistance against perceived dictatorship. This bold statement directly challenged Ayatollah Khomeini's authority, resulting in Banisadr's immediate removal from command of the armed forces two days later, marking a significant moment of political upheaval in post-revolutionary Iran.
09 Jun Birth of Natalie Portman: Natalie Portman, an internationally acclaimed Israeli-born actress, was born on this date. She would later become known for her roles in Star Wars prequels, Black Swan, and V for Vendetta, and is also a Harvard graduate with a degree in psychology.
10 Jun Devastating Earthquake in Iran's Kerman Province: A powerful 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck Kerman province at 10:56 am local time, completely destroying the town of Golbaf and resulting in a tragic loss of 1,027 lives.
11 Jun Devastating Earthquake in Southern Iran: On June 11, 1981, a powerful magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck Kerman Province in Southern Iran, causing widespread destruction. The seismic event resulted in approximately 3,000 fatalities, numerous injuries, and extensive damage to infrastructure, devastating local communities and highlighting the region's geological vulnerability.
12 Jun First Space Shuttle Columbia Flight: NASA successfully launched the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1 mission), marking a pivotal moment in space exploration and the beginning of the reusable spacecraft era. This historic flight, piloted by astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen, represented a significant technological breakthrough in human spaceflight.
13 Jun Assassination Attempt on Queen Elizabeth II: During the annual Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, Marcus Sarjeant, a teenager, fired six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II, creating a shocking security breach and momentary panic at the royal event.
14 Jun Har Mar Tornado Strikes Twin Cities: A significant tornado devastated the Twin Cities metropolitan area, causing extensive property damage. The tornado resulted in 83 injuries and tragically claimed one life, highlighting the destructive potential of severe weather events.
15 Jun Oklahoma Execution Oversight: On June 15, 1981, a significant administrative error occurred in Oklahoma's criminal justice system when convicted murderer James William White was scheduled for execution by lethal injection but was not put to death due to bureaucratic or procedural complications. This incident highlights potential systemic failures in capital punishment processes.
16 Jun US Announces First Weapons Sales to China: U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig made a significant foreign policy announcement, declaring that the United States would sell weapons to the People's Republic of China for the first time. This marked a pivotal moment in Cold War geopolitics, signaling a strategic shift in diplomatic relations between the two nations.
17 Jun USS Ohio Sea Trials Begin: The USS Ohio, the largest submarine of its time at 560 feet long, commenced its first sea trials, departing from the Groton, Connecticut shipyards early in the morning. This marked a significant milestone in naval engineering and submarine technology.
18 Jun AIDS Identified: Medical professionals formally recognized the emerging AIDS epidemic, marking a critical moment in global health history. This identification would lead to extensive research, public health interventions, and significant medical advancements in understanding and combating the disease.
19 Jun Glastonbury Festival Opens: The legendary Glastonbury Festival opened in Pilton, England, featuring performances by iconic bands Hawkwind and Ginger Baker. This event marked another milestone in the festival's rich history of showcasing diverse musical talents.
20 Jun Mujahedin Uprising Against Iranian Regime: On June 20, 1981, the Mujahedin (Islamic resistance fighters) launched a significant uprising against the Iranian government following the Iranian Revolution. This event marked a critical moment of political tension and resistance against the post-revolutionary regime.
21 Jun Bread Riots in Casablanca: Violent bread riots erupted in Casablanca, Morocco, resulting in significant loss of life. Government sources reported 66 fatalities, while opposition groups claimed the death toll could be as high as 637. The riots highlighted deep economic tensions and social unrest in the country.
22 Jun Iranian President Banisadr Deposed: Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr was impeached and removed from office by the Iranian Revolutionary Council. Several of his associates were executed, and he was forced into hiding, marking a significant moment in post-revolutionary Iran's political landscape.
23 Jun Longest Professional Baseball Game in History: The Pawtucket Red Sox defeated the Rochester Red Wings in an epic 33-inning marathon baseball game, which began on April 18 and concluded on June 23, 1981. This extraordinary match stands as the longest professional baseball game ever recorded, showcasing remarkable endurance from both teams.
24 Jun Humber Bridge Opens: The Humber Bridge, a remarkable engineering achievement, opens to traffic, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. At the time of its completion, it became the world's longest single-span suspension bridge, a title it would hold for 17 years.
25 Jun Microsoft Incorporates in Washington State: On June 25, 1981, Microsoft Inc. officially restructured to become an incorporated business in Washington state, a pivotal moment in the company's early corporate development. This legal transformation would help establish the foundation for what would become one of the world's most influential technology companies.
26 Jun James Bond Film 'For Your Eyes Only' Premieres in United States: The twelfth James Bond film, 'For Your Eyes Only', starring Roger Moore, makes its debut in American theaters. The movie, based on Ian Fleming's short stories, continues the popular spy franchise's global appeal.
27 Jun Chinese Communist Party Issues Historical Resolution: The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party officially issued a landmark resolution addressing the historical narrative of the party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. This significant document critically examined the Cultural Revolution and explicitly attributed primary responsibility for its tumultuous events to Mao Zedong, marking a pivotal moment of self-reflection and historical accountability.
28 Jun Terry Fox: Canadian Marathon of Hope Runner: Terry Fox, born in 1958, was a remarkable Canadian athlete and cancer activist who attempted to run across Canada to raise awareness and funds for cancer research, despite having lost a leg to the disease.
29 Jun Leadership Change in Communist China: Hu Yaobang succeeded Hua Guofeng as a key leader in the People's Republic of China, marking a significant political transition within the Chinese Communist Party. This change represented a potential shift in political ideology and governance approach.
30 Jun Israeli Election of 1981: In a remarkably close national election, Menachem Begin's Likud Party narrowly secured 48 seats in the Knesset, while the Labor Party led by Shimon Peres captured 47 seats. This election was historically significant for its extremely tight margin and represented a critical moment in Israeli political dynamics.
01 Jul The Wonderland Murders: The infamous Wonderland Murders took place in the early morning hours, allegedly orchestrated by businessman and drug dealer Eddie Nash. This violent crime became a notorious case in Los Angeles criminal history.
02 Jul US Supreme Court Ruling on Iran Hostage Crisis: The United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Jimmy Carter had acted within his constitutional authority in resolving the Iran hostage crisis. The ruling confirmed the legality of the Algiers Accords, which stipulated the release of frozen Iranian assets by July 19 in exchange for the liberation of 52 American hostages held in Iran since November 1979.
03 Jul First Mention of AIDS in New York Times: The New York Times published its first mention of a mysterious disease that would later be identified as AIDS, marking an early public acknowledgment of the emerging health crisis.
04 Jul John McEnroe Defeats Bjorn Borg at Wimbledon: In a thrilling and historic Wimbledon men's final, John McEnroe defeated the legendary Bjorn Borg with a dramatic four-set victory. The match was characterized by intense rallies and close tiebreakers, with McEnroe winning 4-6, 7-6 (1), 7-6 (4), 6-4, showcasing his exceptional tennis skills.
05 Jul Mathematical Memory Feat: Pi Digit Recitation World Record: On July 5, 1981, mathematician Rajan Mahadevan achieved a remarkable feat by reciting 31,811 digits of pi from memory, setting a world record for mathematical memorization. This extraordinary demonstration of human memory and mathematical prowess showcased the incredible cognitive capabilities of the human brain.
06 Jul London Transit System Terrorist Attacks: On July 6, 1981, a series of coordinated suicide bombings targeted the London public transportation network, resulting in a devastating terrorist attack. Multiple locations across the city's transit system were simultaneously struck, causing 39 fatalities and leaving over 700 people injured. The attacks represented a significant moment of terror that shocked the United Kingdom and highlighted the vulnerability of urban transportation infrastructure to terrorist activities.
07 Jul Sandra Day O'Connor Nominated to Supreme Court: President Ronald Reagan made history by nominating Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female justice to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. This groundbreaking nomination represented a significant milestone for gender equality in the highest levels of the American judicial system.
08 Jul Sandra Day O'Connor Confirmed to Supreme Court: The US Senate unanimously confirms Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female Supreme Court Justice, marking a historic milestone in gender representation in the US judicial system. O'Connor was nominated by President Ronald Reagan and confirmed with a 99-0 vote, breaking a significant barrier for women in high-level judicial positions.
09 Jul Nintendo Releases Donkey Kong: Nintendo launched the groundbreaking video game Donkey Kong, which introduced the world to Mario (then known as Jumpman), a character who would become one of the most iconic figures in video game history.
10 Jul Israel-Lebanon Conflict Escalation: The Israel Defense Forces initiated a military campaign against Palestine Liberation Organization strongholds in Lebanon, responding to Palestinian guerrilla attacks on Israeli settlements. The conflict resulted in significant casualties: 450 Palestinians and Lebanese, and 6 Israelis died before a ceasefire was established on July 24.
11 Jul Widespread UK Riots Erupt: Significant civil unrest swept across multiple cities in England, with thousands of protesters engaging in violent confrontations with law enforcement, highlighting deep social tensions.
12 Jul Devastating Floods in Sichuan Province, China: A catastrophic three-day period of torrential rains struck China's Sichuan Province, causing massive flooding along the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Rainfall reached up to 18.8 inches (480 mm), dramatically raising water levels by approximately 16.5 feet (5.0 m). The initial Xinhua news agency report suggested 3,000 deaths and 100,000 injuries, but official numbers were later revised to 753 confirmed deaths, 558 missing persons, 28,140 injured, and approximately 1.5 million people displaced from their homes.
13 Jul The Specials' "Ghost Town" Dominates UK Music Scene: On July 13, 1981, "Ghost Town" by The Specials reached the top of the UK Singles Chart. This ska and new wave track was a powerful social commentary on urban decay and economic decline in Britain during the early Thatcher era, reflecting the social tensions of the time.
14 Jul DUPE - Ronald Reagan Shooting Incident: President Ronald Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. This incident was a significant moment in American political history, though the date provided seems incorrect as Reagan was actually shot on March 30, 1981.
16 Jul Mahathir Mohamad Becomes Malaysia's Prime Minister: Mahathir bin Mohamad is sworn in as Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister, beginning a historic 22-year tenure that would make him Asia's longest-serving political leader, significantly shaping Malaysia's modern political landscape.
17 Jul Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse: A catastrophic structural failure occurred at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, when two interconnected skywalks collapsed during a crowded dance event in the hotel's atrium lobby. The disaster resulted in 114 fatalities and over 200 injuries, becoming one of the deadliest structural engineering failures in U.S. history.
18 Jul Communist Party Leadership Change in Poland: On July 18, 1981, the Polish Communist Party selected Edward Gierek, a former party leader, in a significant political maneuver during the tumultuous period of communist governance in Eastern Europe. This leadership selection occurred during a time of growing social and economic tensions in Poland.
19 Jul Farewell Dossier Revelation: In a private diplomatic meeting, French President François Mitterrand disclosed the Farewell Dossier to U.S. President Ronald Reagan. This classified collection of documents exposed extensive Soviet industrial espionage, revealing systematic theft of American technological research and development strategies during the Cold War era.
20 Jul Somali Airlines Flight 40 Crash: Somali Airlines Flight 40 tragically crashed in the Balad District of Somalia, resulting in the loss of 40 lives. The incident highlighted the aviation safety challenges of the era.
21 Jul Historic Cricket Match at Headingley: In a remarkable cricket match at Headingley, England dramatically defeated Australia. Australia set a target of 130 runs to win, but were dramatically bowled out for just 111 runs. Bob Willis was the standout performer, taking an extraordinary 8 wickets for 43 runs.
22 Jul Mehmet Ali Agca Sentenced for Assassination Attempt: In a landmark legal proceeding, Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca was sentenced to life imprisonment by a Rome court. This sentencing was related to his notorious assassination attempt, which had significant international political implications.
23 Jul Centralia Mine Fire Surfaces: A devastating underground coal mine fire, which had been burning since May 27, 1962, broke to the surface in Centralia, Pennsylvania. This environmental disaster would eventually lead to the near-total abandonment of the town due to dangerous underground combustion and toxic gas emissions.
24 Jul Mohammed Ali Rajai Elected President of Iran: Mohammed Ali Rajai was elected as the President of Iran during a tumultuous period following the Iranian Revolution. His presidency was marked by significant political tensions and ideological shifts in the post-revolutionary government. Rajai represented the conservative Islamic Republican Party and was a key figure in consolidating revolutionary power during the early years of the Islamic Republic.
25 Jul Voyager 2 Spacecraft Reaches Saturn: NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft successfully completed its historic encounter with Saturn, capturing unprecedented close-up images and scientific data about the planet's rings, moons, and atmospheric composition. This mission significantly expanded human understanding of the outer solar system and planetary dynamics.
26 Jul Asteroid Discoveries by E. Bowell: Astronomer E. Bowell made significant contributions to astronomical research by discovering two asteroids: #2845 Franklinken and #2882 Tedesco, expanding our understanding of celestial objects in the solar system.
27 Jul Adam Walsh Kidnapping and Murder: A devastating child abduction case where 6-year-old Adam Walsh, son of John Walsh, was kidnapped in Hollywood, Florida. The tragic event led to his murder, which was discovered two weeks after his disappearance. This case would later become a pivotal moment in raising awareness about child safety and missing children in the United States.
28 Jul Devastating Earthquake in Kerman, Iran: On July 28, 1981, a powerful magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck Southern Iran's Kerman region, causing widespread destruction and significant loss of human life. The seismic event resulted in approximately 1,500 fatalities, left 1,000 people injured, and displaced around 50,000 individuals who became homeless. The extensive damage to infrastructure and settlements highlighted the region's vulnerability to severe geological events.
29 Jul Royal Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer: Prince Charles of Wales married Lady Diana Spencer in a lavish ceremony at St Paul's Cathedral in London, watched by an estimated 750 million people worldwide. This wedding was a global media spectacle that captured international attention and marked a significant moment in British royal history.
30 Jul Mass Protests in Łódź Against Food Shortages: On July 30, 1981, approximately 50,000 demonstrators, predominantly women and children, staged a significant protest in Łódź, Poland, against severe food ration shortages during the Communist era. The demonstration highlighted the economic hardships and growing social discontent in Poland during this period of political and economic instability.
31 Jul Death of Omar Torrijos in Plane Crash: Panamanian military leader General Omar Torrijos died in a mysterious plane crash, marking a significant moment in Panamanian political history. The crash eliminated a key political figure who had been instrumental in negotiating the Panama Canal Treaties with the United States.
01 Aug MTV Launches First Music Video Channel: MTV (Music Television) begins broadcasting in the United States, marking a revolutionary moment in music and media history. The first music video aired is 'Video Killed The Radio Star' by the Buggles, symbolically signaling a new era of visual music consumption.
02 Aug Historic Ashes Cricket Match: Botham's Remarkable Performance: In a thrilling cricket match between Australia and England, Ian Botham delivered an extraordinary bowling performance, taking 5 wickets for just 11 runs in 14 overs. Australia was set a target of 151 runs but was dramatically bowled out for a mere 121 runs, showcasing Botham's decisive impact on the game.
03 Aug PATCO Strike and Reagan's Response: In a significant labor dispute, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) initiated a nationwide strike involving 13,000 members, seeking improved working conditions and a 32-hour workweek. President Ronald Reagan responded by firing all striking air traffic controllers, marking a pivotal moment in US labor relations.
04 Aug Oliver North Assigned to White House: Oliver North was assigned to the National Security Council, a role that would later become infamous due to his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair, a significant political scandal during the Reagan administration.
05 Aug Reagan Fires Air Traffic Controllers: President Ronald Reagan fired 11,359 air traffic controllers who defied his order to return to work, a pivotal moment that dramatically reshaped labor union power in the United States.
06 Aug Reagan Approves Neutron Bomb Production: President Ronald Reagan authorized U.S. production of the controversial neutron bomb, approving warheads for 380 Lance missiles and 800 on 150-mm howitzers to be deployed for U.S. troops in Europe during the Cold War era.
07 Aug Washington Star Newspaper Closes After 128 Years: On August 7, 1981, the Washington Star, a prominent American newspaper that had been a significant part of the nation's media landscape, ceased all operations. Founded in the mid-19th century, the newspaper had been a key source of news and information for the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area for over a century before financial challenges led to its closure.
08 Aug Roger Federer Birth: Roger Federer, widely considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time, was born in Basel, Switzerland. He would go on to win 20 Grand Slam singles titles and revolutionize modern tennis with his exceptional skill, grace, and sportsmanship.
09 Aug IBM Personal Computer Model 5150 Released: IBM launches the original Model 5150 Personal Computer in the United States, featuring a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 processor, priced at a base cost of $1,565. This groundbreaking device would revolutionize personal computing and set the standard for future PC design.
10 Aug Adam Walsh Murder and Its Impact on Child Safety: The head of John Walsh's son Adam was found in Hollywood, Florida, marking a tragic turning point in child safety advocacy. This devastating event prompted significant legal and societal changes, including the U.S. Congress passing the Missing Children's Act, which expanded the FBI's authority in tracking child disappearances. The tragedy transformed John Walsh into a national spokesman against crime and ultimately led to the creation of the television show America's Most Wanted and the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children.
11 Aug IBM Personal Computer Launch: IBM introduces the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC), a groundbreaking device that would revolutionize personal computing and set industry standards for personal computer architecture. This model, with its open architecture and standardized components, would become a pivotal moment in computing history, paving the way for widespread personal computer adoption.
12 Aug IBM Launches First Personal Computer: On August 12, 1981, IBM announced the IBM Personal Computer (Model 5150) at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City and in Boca Raton, Florida. This groundbreaking device featured a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 CPU, 16 kB RAM (expandable to 256 kB), 40 kB ROM, and a single 5.25-inch floppy drive with 160 kB capacity. The base model was priced at US$1,565, while a fully loaded version with color graphics cost US$6,000. This launch was pivotal in legitimizing microprocessor-based personal computers and transforming the computing landscape.
13 Aug Reagan Signs Economic Recovery Tax Act: U.S. President Ronald Reagan signed the landmark Economic Recovery Tax Act into law while on vacation at his ranch near Santa Barbara, California. This significant tax legislation was a cornerstone of Reagan's economic policy, aimed at stimulating economic growth through tax cuts and reforms.
14 Aug Mike Schmidt Hits 300th Career Home Run: Philadelphia Phillies player Mike Schmidt achieved a significant milestone by hitting his 300th career home run against New York Mets pitcher Mike Scott.
15 Aug Ian Botham's Cricket Century: English cricket legend Ian Botham scored a remarkable century in just 86 balls during a Test Cricket match against Australia at Old Trafford. This performance was a significant moment in cricket history, showcasing Botham's exceptional batting skills and aggressive playing style.
16 Aug Mary T. Meagher Sets World Record in Butterfly Swimming: American swimmer Mary T. Meagher achieves a remarkable world record in the 100m butterfly event, demonstrating exceptional speed and technique in competitive swimming.
17 Aug Gulf of Sidra Incident: US-Libyan Air Battle: On August 17, 1981, a significant aerial confrontation occurred between the United States Navy and Libyan Air Force in the Gulf of Sidra. Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi challenged U.S. naval presence by dispatching two Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets to intercept U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcats. During the engagement, a Libyan aircraft fired an Atoll heat-seeking missile at Lt. Lawrence Musczynski, which narrowly missed its target. In response, Musczynski successfully destroyed the lead Libyan plane with a Sidewinder missile. Commander Hank Kleeman then engaged the Libyan wingman, forcing the pilot to eject. This incident marked the first U.S. aerial combat since the Vietnam War and highlighted rising tensions between the United States and Libya during the Cold War era.
18 Aug Jerry Lewis on Donahue: Comedian Jerry Lewis appeared on the popular talk show 'Donahue' to discuss and defend his annual Muscular Dystrophy Association Telethons, which were a significant fundraising event for medical research.
19 Aug Sandra Day O'Connor Appointed to Supreme Court: U.S. President Ronald Reagan makes history by appointing Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female Justice of the United States Supreme Court, breaking a significant gender barrier in the American judicial system.
21 Aug Salvador Sanchez Defeats Wilfredo Gómez in Boxing Championship: In a significant boxing match at Las Vegas, Salvador Sanchez defeated the reigning champion Wilfredo Gómez to claim the WBC junior featherweight boxing championship. This bout was a pivotal moment in both fighters' careers, marking a changing of the guard in the junior featherweight division. Sanchez's victory was notable for his skill and determination against a formidable opponent.
22 Aug Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 Disaster: On August 22, 1981, Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 tragically disintegrated mid-flight and crashed in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. The catastrophic incident resulted in the complete loss of all 110 passengers and crew members on board. This devastating air crash remains one of the most significant aviation accidents in Taiwanese history, highlighting critical safety concerns in the region's air transportation sector during the early 1980s.
24 Aug Mark David Chapman Sentenced for John Lennon Murder: Mark David Chapman was sentenced to 20 years to life in prison for the murder of legendary musician John Lennon, which occurred on December 8, 1980, outside the Dakota apartment building in New York City.
25 Aug Voyager 2's Historic Saturn Flyby: NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Saturn, passing approximately 63,000 miles (100,000 kilometers) from the planet. This mission provided unprecedented scientific data and high-resolution images of Saturn, its rings, and its moons, significantly expanding human understanding of the outer solar system.
26 Aug Space Shuttle Preparation for STS-2 Mission: The Space Shuttle vehicle was transported to Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center in preparation for the STS-2 mission, a critical step in NASA's Space Shuttle program's early operational phase.
27 Aug Recovery of Safe from SS Andrea Doria Shipwreck: A professional diving team commenced operations to retrieve a safe from the sunken wreckage of the SS Andrea Doria, a historic maritime disaster site located in the Atlantic Ocean. The Andrea Doria, once a prestigious Italian luxury liner, sank on July 25, 1956, after a catastrophic collision with the MS Stockholm, which remains one of the most famous maritime accidents in modern history.
28 Aug First Major AIDS Symptom Recognition: The National Centers for Disease Control announce a high incidence of Pneumocystis and Kaposi's sarcoma in gay men, marking the first significant medical observation of what would later be recognized as AIDS symptoms.
29 Aug Vienna Synagogue Terror Attack: A terrorist attack by the Abu Nidal organization targeted a synagogue on Seitenstettengasse in Vienna during worship. Two attackers fired guns and threw grenades, causing significant distress and potential casualties in an antisemitic act of violence.
30 Aug Assassination of Iranian Political Leaders: President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran were assassinated in a bombing carried out by the People's Mujahedin of Iran, a significant political violence event during the early years of the Iranian Revolution.
31 Aug Bombing at Ramstein Air Base: A terrorist bomb exploded at the U.S. Air Force base in Ramstein, West Germany, causing significant disruption and injuring 20 people. The incident highlighted the ongoing security challenges faced by American military installations in Europe during the Cold War era.
01 Sep Voyager 2 Spacecraft Approaches Saturn: NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Saturn, continuing its groundbreaking planetary exploration mission and capturing unprecedented scientific data about the ringed planet and its complex system of moons.
02 Sep Soviet Underground Nuclear Test: The Soviet Union conducted an underground nuclear test, continuing its nuclear weapons development program during the Cold War era. Such tests were part of the ongoing strategic and technological competition between global superpowers.
03 Sep UN Convention on Women's Rights Established: The United Nations instituted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), a groundbreaking international bill of rights designed to protect and promote women's equality worldwide.
04 Sep Assassination of French Ambassador in Lebanon: Louis Delamare, France's ambassador to Lebanon, was assassinated in Beirut, highlighting the volatile political climate in the region during this period.
05 Sep Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp Established: The first women arrived at what would become the historic Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp in the United Kingdom, marking a significant moment of feminist and anti-nuclear protest. The camp would become a powerful symbol of peaceful resistance against nuclear weapons during the Cold War era.
06 Sep Christy Brown: Irish Poet and Artist: Christy Brown, a renowned Irish author, poet, and artist, was born in 1932. Known for overcoming significant physical challenges due to cerebral palsy, Brown became famous for creating art and writing using only his left foot.
07 Sep West Tampa, Florida Wins American Legion World Series: The West Tampa, Florida baseball team triumphed in the American Legion World Series, defeating Rich, Virginia with a decisive 6-4 victory. This win highlighted the team's skill, teamwork, and representation of their local community in a prestigious youth baseball tournament.
08 Sep Only Fools and Horses TV Premiere: Iconic British comedy series 'Only Fools and Horses' created by John Sullivan premieres on BBC One. The show, starring David Jason as Derek 'Del Boy' Trotter, Nicholas Lyndhurst as Rodney, and Lennard Pearce as Grandad, would go on to become one of the most beloved sitcoms in British television history.
09 Sep Jagat Narain Assassination: Jagat Narain, a 92-year-old Indian newspaper owner, was assassinated by three gunmen after publishing articles critical of Sikh militant groups, highlighting the dangerous landscape of journalism during this period of political tension.
10 Sep Picasso's Guernica Returns to Spain: The iconic anti-war painting 'Guernica' by Pablo Picasso was finally returned to Spain after decades of exile. Created in 1937 in response to the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, the monumental artwork symbolized the suffering and devastation of war. Its return marked a significant moment in Spanish cultural history, representing the country's transition to democracy and reconciliation with its turbulent past.
11 Sep Assassination of Ayatollah Mir Asadollah Madani: Iranian religious leader Ayatollah Mir Asadollah Madani was assassinated during Friday prayers in Tabriz. A man approached him near the end of the Jumu'ah service and detonated a grenade, killing Madani, the assassin, and six worshippers. Madani had become the Imam for Tabriz following the 1979 assassination of Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei.
12 Sep Devastating Kashmir Earthquake: A powerful magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck the Gilgit area in Kashmir, causing massive destruction. The catastrophic event resulted in at least 220 fatalities, over 2,500 injuries, and extensive damage, including numerous landslides that reshaped the region's landscape.
13 Sep McEnroe Defeats Borg at US Open: John McEnroe beats Björn Borg for the US Open tennis title in a highly anticipated match, further solidifying his rivalry and dominance in professional tennis.
14 Sep People's Court TV Show Premiere: Judge Joseph Wapner's People's Court debuts on television, introducing a groundbreaking format of televised small claims court proceedings that would influence future reality court shows.
15 Sep Sandra Day O'Connor Approved for Supreme Court: The United States Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the United States Supreme Court, marking a historic milestone for gender representation in the highest judicial body.
16 Sep Assassination of Iranian Ayatollah: Ayatollah Mir Asadollah Madani was assassinated during the Jumu'ah prayer service in Tabriz, Iran, marking a significant moment of political violence during the post-revolutionary period.
17 Sep Gerald R. Ford's State Funeral: The state funeral of former U.S. President Gerald R. Ford was held with full presidential honors, marking the end of a significant chapter in American political history. The ceremony honored Ford's service to the nation, including his role in healing the country after the Watergate scandal.
18 Sep France Abolishes Capital Punishment: On September 18, 1981, the French Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly) voted to abolish capital punishment, marking a significant milestone in the country's human rights and judicial reform. This historic decision effectively ended the death penalty in France, reflecting a growing global trend towards more humane criminal justice practices.
19 Sep Simon and Garfunkel's Historic Central Park Concert: Legendary folk-rock duo Simon and Garfunkel performed a free concert in Central Park, New York, drawing an estimated half a million people. This reunion concert became an iconic cultural event, symbolizing the enduring appeal of their music.
20 Sep China's First Triple Satellite Launch: China achieves a significant milestone in its space program by successfully launching three satellites into orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, marking a major advancement in its space technology capabilities.
21 Sep Sandra Day O'Connor Becomes First Female Supreme Court Justice: On September 21, 1981, Sandra Day O'Connor made history by being unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice. Her appointment was a groundbreaking moment for gender equality in the United States judicial system, breaking a significant barrier for women in high-level government positions.
22 Sep Tragic Turkish Air Force Training Accident: During a military exercise, a Turkish Air Force Northrop F-5 fighter jet crashed in Babaeski due to pilot error, resulting in the death of one crew member and 65 soldiers on the ground, marking one of the most devastating military training accidents in Turkish history.
23 Sep Donkey Kong Arcade Game Released: Nintendo released the groundbreaking arcade game Donkey Kong, which would become a pivotal moment in video game history. The game introduced the iconic characters Mario (then known as Jumpman) and Donkey Kong, launching Nintendo into global prominence in the electronic gaming industry.
24 Sep United States Conducts Nuclear Test in Nevada: On September 24, 1981, the United States conducted a nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site, continuing its Cold War-era nuclear weapons development and testing program. These underground nuclear tests were part of the ongoing strategic and technological competition with the Soviet Union during the early 1980s.
25 Sep Sandra Day O'Connor Becomes First Female Supreme Court Justice: Sandra Day O'Connor was sworn in as the 102nd Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, marking a historic milestone as the first woman to hold this prestigious judicial position. Her appointment represented a significant breakthrough for gender equality in the highest levels of the U.S. judicial system.
26 Sep Assassination of Ayatollah Madani: Iranian Ayatollah Mir Asadollah Madani was assassinated during Friday prayers in Tabriz. A man carrying a grenade approached Madani near the end of the service and detonated the explosive, killing Madani, the assassin, and six other worshippers. Madani had become the Imam for Tabriz following the 1979 assassination of Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabatabaei.
27 Sep First TGV High-Speed Train Service: The inaugural commercial run of the Train a Grande Vitesse (TGV) high-speed rail service commenced, connecting Paris and Lyon. Departing Paris's Gare de Lyon at 6:15 am with 772 passengers, the train reached speeds of 156 miles per hour and arrived in Lyon at 9:05 am, marking a significant milestone in French transportation technology.
28 Sep Joseph Paul Franklin Sentenced for Racist Murders: Joseph Paul Franklin, a notorious white supremacist, was sentenced to life imprisonment for the racially motivated murders of two Black joggers in Salt Lake City, Utah. His crimes were part of a broader pattern of hate-driven violence targeting racial minorities.
29 Sep Iranian Military Aircraft Crash: A tragic aviation disaster occurred when an Iranian Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft crashed into a firing range near Kahrizak, Iran, resulting in the devastating loss of 80 lives.
30 Sep US Debt Ceiling Milestone: The United States reaches a historic milestone as its national debt ceiling is raised to one trillion dollars for the first time. The U.S. Senate approved increasing the government's credit limit from $985 billion to $1,079 billion, signaling growing national financial complexity.
01 Oct USSR Nuclear Test at Novaya Zemlya: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear weapons test at the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic Ocean on October 1, 1981. This test was part of the ongoing nuclear arms development during the Cold War period.
02 Oct Reagan Announces B-1 Bomber and MX Missile Program: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced a significant military modernization plan, including the revival of the B-1 bomber program previously canceled by President Carter. The plan outlined the construction of 100 B-1 bombers by 1987 and the deployment of 100 MX missiles, signaling a robust Cold War-era defense strategy.
03 Oct Maze Prison Hunger Strike Ends: The prolonged hunger strike at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland concluded after seven months, resulting in ten deaths. This event was a significant moment in the Northern Ireland conflict, highlighting the intense political and social tensions of the time.
04 Oct Youngest International Gymnastics Participant: Pasakevi Kouna from Greece, at just 9 years old, becomes the youngest participant in an international gymnastics competition, highlighting the remarkable talent and early potential in the sport.
05 Oct Raoul Wallenberg Honored as American Citizen: Raoul Wallenberg, a heroic Swedish diplomat who saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust, was posthumously granted honorary U.S. citizenship in recognition of his extraordinary humanitarian efforts during World War II.
06 Oct Assassination of Anwar Sadat: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated during a military parade by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization. The extremists opposed Sadat's peace negotiations with Israel, which had been a controversial diplomatic initiative. Sadat, a Nobel Peace Prize recipient, was killed by army members who viewed his diplomatic approach as a betrayal of Islamic and Arab interests.
07 Oct Hosni Mubarak Becomes Acting President of Egypt: On October 7, 1981, Hosni Mubarak assumed the role of acting President of Egypt following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat. This marked a significant moment in Egyptian political history, as Mubarak would go on to lead the country for nearly three decades.
08 Oct Presidential Gathering for Anwar Sadat's Funeral: US President Ronald Reagan coordinated a historic meeting with former presidents Jimmy Carter, Gerald R. Ford, and Richard Nixon before their diplomatic mission to Egypt for President Anwar Sadat's funeral.
09 Oct Abolition of Capital Punishment in France: President François Mitterrand officially abolishes capital punishment in France, marking a significant milestone in the country's human rights progression and legal reform. This landmark decision effectively ended the death penalty in France, aligning the nation with growing European trends towards more humane criminal justice practices.
10 Oct Massive Anti-Nuclear Protest in Bonn: One of the largest post-World War II demonstrations in Germany took place in Bonn, West Germany, with approximately 150,000 people gathering to protest, likely against nuclear weapons and Cold War tensions.
11 Oct First Non-Stop Balloon Crossing of the United States: The Super Chicken III, piloted by John Shoecroft and Fred Gorrell, became the first balloon to cross the United States without stopping. The remarkable 2,515-mile journey from Costa Mesa, California to Blackbeard Island in Georgia took 55 hours and 25 minutes to complete, marking a significant achievement in aviation and long-distance ballooning.
12 Oct Torch Song Trilogy Premiere: Harvey Fierstein's groundbreaking play 'Torch Song Trilogy' premiered in New York City, marking an important moment in LGBTQ+ theatrical representation.
13 Oct Hosni Mubarak Becomes President of Egypt: One week after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat, Egyptian voters approved Hosni Mubarak as the country's new president, signaling a peaceful transition of power during a tumultuous period in Egyptian political history.
14 Oct Hosni Mubarak Becomes President of Egypt: One week after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat, Vice President Hosni Mubarak was elected as the new President of Egypt, marking a significant transition in Egyptian political leadership.
15 Oct Formation of Metallica: The iconic heavy metal band Metallica is formed, marking the beginning of one of the most influential metal bands in music history.
16 Oct Death of Moshe Dayan, Prominent Israeli Military Leader: Moshe Dayan, a legendary Israeli military commander and influential political figure, passed away at the age of 66. Known for his distinctive eye patch and strategic military leadership, Dayan played a crucial role in several of Israel's most significant conflicts.
17 Oct Pope John Paul II Meets Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarch: On October 17, 1981, Pope John Paul II held a significant diplomatic meeting with Abuna Takla Haymanot, the patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, at the papal summer residence of Castel Gandolfo. This historic encounter represented an important moment of interfaith dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which represents approximately 12 million Christians in Ethiopia. The meeting symbolized efforts to build understanding and bridge theological differences between these two ancient Christian traditions.
18 Oct Greece's Socialist Revolution: Andreas Papandreou led the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) to victory in the Greek legislative election, marking a significant shift in Greek political landscape towards socialist governance.
19 Oct Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded for Laser Development: Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Schawlow were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their groundbreaking contributions to laser technology, recognizing their pivotal research in understanding and developing laser systems that would revolutionize multiple scientific and technological fields.
20 Oct Terrorist Attack on Antwerp Synagogue: A devastating bomb attack targeted a synagogue in Antwerp, Belgium, resulting in one fatality and injuring 80 people. This antisemitic terrorist incident highlighted ongoing tensions and security challenges in Europe.
21 Oct Andreas Papandreou Becomes Prime Minister of Greece: Andreas Papandreou was elected as Prime Minister of Greece, marking a significant political transformation by ending nearly five decades of conservative political dominance. His election represented a pivotal moment in modern Greek political history, signaling a shift towards more progressive governance.
22 Oct US National Debt Milestone: The United States national debt surpassed $1 trillion for the first time, signaling a major economic turning point and potential long-term fiscal challenges.
23 Oct US National Debt Milestone: On October 23, 1981, the United States national debt reached the unprecedented milestone of $1 trillion, marking a significant economic turning point in the nation's fiscal history. This landmark represented growing government spending and increasing budget deficits during the early Reagan administration.
24 Oct Guernica Exhibition Commemorates Picasso's Centenary: Pablo Picasso's iconic anti-war masterpiece 'Guernica', painted in 1937 to depict the horrors of the Spanish Civil War, was displayed in Madrid to celebrate the artist's 100th birthday, highlighting the painting's enduring significance in art and historical memory.
25 Oct Picasso's Guernica Arrives at Prado Museum: On Pablo Picasso's 100th birthday, his iconic anti-war masterpiece 'Guernica' was transferred to the Prado Museum in Madrid, marking a significant moment in art history and cultural preservation.
26 Oct Muhammad Ali's Boxing Comeback: On October 26, 1981, legendary boxer Muhammad Ali made a remarkable return to professional boxing after an absence of more than three years. He defeated Jerry Quarry, demonstrating his enduring skill and resilience. This event was significant in sports history, symbolizing Ali's determination and iconic status in boxing.
27 Oct Andrew Young Elected Mayor of Atlanta: Andrew Young, a prominent civil rights leader and former United Nations Ambassador, was elected as the mayor of Atlanta, Georgia, marking a significant milestone in African American political leadership.
28 Oct Metallica Founded: The legendary heavy metal band Metallica was formed in San Francisco by a group of young musicians who would go on to become one of the most influential metal bands in history.
29 Oct Death of Georges Brassens, Legendary French Poet-Songwriter: Georges Brassens, a renowned French singer, songwriter, and poet, passed away at the age of 60. Known for his poetic lyrics, satirical style, and profound influence on French music, Brassens was a pivotal figure in the chanson française genre who challenged social norms through his witty and often provocative compositions.
30 Oct Uneventful Day in Global History: On October 30, 1981, no major global events were recorded in primary historical sources. While this day might seem unremarkable, it represents a moment of relative global stability during the early 1980s, a period marked by Cold War tensions and significant geopolitical shifts.
31 Oct First Live Radio Drama in 25 Years: A significant milestone in broadcast media occurred with the first live radio drama performance in 25 years, marking a revival of this traditional storytelling format in radio broadcasting.
01 Nov Antigua and Barbuda Gains Independence from United Kingdom: At midnight in St. John's, Antigua, the British flag was ceremonially lowered and the Antiguan flag raised at the city's cricket park. Princess Margaret, representing Queen Elizabeth II, officially presented the instruments of state to Prime Minister Vere Cornwall Bird, marking the country's transition to full sovereignty.
02 Nov Nuclear Missile Incident at Holy Loch, Scotland: A serious nuclear safety incident occurred at the U.S. Polaris submarine base when a Poseidon missile accidentally slipped from a crane, falling 17 feet. The missile, carrying ten nuclear warheads, posed a potentially catastrophic risk of radioactive contamination. Immediate evacuation protocols were implemented, and the incident underscored the inherent dangers in handling nuclear weapons.
03 Nov Rollie Fingers Wins AL Cy Young Award: Milwaukee Brewers relief pitcher Rollie Fingers was awarded the American League Cy Young Award, recognizing him as the league's most outstanding pitcher for the 1981 season. Fingers was known for his distinctive handlebar mustache and was a key player in the Brewers' successful era.
04 Nov Columbia Shuttle Launch Scrubbed: The Space Shuttle Columbia's STS-2 mission launch was unexpectedly halted with just 31 seconds remaining in the countdown due to a technical issue, highlighting the complex and precise nature of space mission preparations.
05 Nov Mercury Morris Sentenced for Drug Trafficking: Former Miami Dolphins professional football player Mercury Morris was sentenced to 20 years in prison after being convicted of drug trafficking, criminal conspiracy, and cocaine possession. This marked a significant downfall for the once-celebrated NFL athlete, highlighting the personal and professional consequences of involvement in illegal drug activities during the early 1980s.
06 Nov Fernando Valenzuela Wins Historic Cy Young Award: Fernando Valenzuela made baseball history by becoming the first rookie pitcher to win the prestigious Cy Young Award, recognizing him as the most outstanding pitcher in Major League Baseball for the 1981 season.
07 Nov Space Shuttle Columbia's Second Launch (STS-2): On November 7, 1981, NASA successfully launched the Space Shuttle Columbia for its second mission (STS-2), marking a significant milestone in the early Space Shuttle program. This mission, piloted by Joe Engle and Richard Truly, demonstrated the reusability of spacecraft and advanced America's space exploration capabilities.
08 Nov Belgian Parliamentary Election: Christian Democrats lose the Belgian parliamentary election, signaling a potential shift in the country's political landscape and voter preferences during the early 1980s.
09 Nov Mauritania Abolishes Slavery: On November 9, 1981, Mauritania officially abolished slavery through Edict No. 81-234, marking a significant legal milestone in human rights for the West African nation. This decree formally ended the long-standing practice of slavery, though implementation and enforcement remained challenging in the following decades.
10 Nov Disney and Westinghouse Launch Family Cable Service: Walt Disney Productions and Westinghouse Broadcasting announced a groundbreaking partnership to develop a family-oriented cable television service, signaling the evolving media landscape of the early 1980s.
11 Nov Gulf Cooperation Council Established: Six Middle Eastern nations - Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates - signed a landmark economic agreement to create the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a regional political and economic alliance aimed at fostering cooperation and mutual development.
12 Nov Space Shuttle Columbia's Second Launch: The Space Shuttle Columbia became the first spacecraft to be launched into space twice, demonstrating significant technological advancement in reusable space vehicle design.
13 Nov First Use of Canadarm in Space: The Canadarm, officially known as the Remote Manipulator System, was successfully deployed for the first time during the Columbia space shuttle mission. This groundbreaking robotic arm represented a significant technological achievement for Canada's space program and would become a critical tool in future space missions.
14 Nov Second Space Shuttle Mission Completed: NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia successfully completed its second mission, returning to Earth and marking another milestone in the early era of reusable spacecraft technology.
15 Nov Abdus Sattar Confirmed as President of Bangladesh: Abdus Sattar was confirmed as President of Bangladesh in an election that was widely suspected of being rigged. He received 14,217,601 votes, representing nearly two-thirds of the total votes cast, while his main opponent, Kamal Hossain of the Awami League, secured 5,694,884 votes.
16 Nov Reagan's Nicaragua Covert Operation: President Ronald Reagan authorized a secret plan to obstruct Cuban aid to Nicaragua and El Salvador, reflecting the complex geopolitical tensions of the Cold War era and U.S. foreign policy in Central America.
17 Nov Reagan's Decision to Support Contras: In a critical National Security Council meeting at the White House, President Ronald Reagan decided to support the Contras, a 500-member force aimed at combating the leftist government of Nicaragua and protecting the right-wing government of El Salvador from rebel forces. This decision was a significant moment in Cold War-era Central American geopolitics.
18 Nov IBM Introduces Personal Computer at COMDEX Fall: At the COMDEX Fall trade show, IBM launched its groundbreaking IBM Personal Computer (PC), marking a pivotal moment in personal computing history. Simultaneously, Scientific Solutions announced the first PC add-in cards, expanding the computer's capabilities and potential for customization.
19 Nov Assassination of Griffiths Mxenge: Griffiths Mxenge, a prominent African National Congress (ANC) member and human rights lawyer, was brutally assassinated in Durban, South Africa by four agents of the apartheid regime. This politically motivated murder was part of the systematic violence used to suppress anti-apartheid activists during this tumultuous period of South African history.
20 Nov FMLN Launches Offensive in El Salvador: The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) guerrilla group initiated a limited military offensive, escalating the ongoing civil conflict in El Salvador.
21 Nov Mass Anti-Nuclear Missile Protest in Amsterdam: Approximately 400,000 people demonstrated in Amsterdam against the deployment of cruise missiles, reflecting widespread European opposition to nuclear armament during the Cold War era.
22 Nov Soviet Nuclear Test at Semipalatinsk: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan, continuing Cold War-era nuclear weapons development and testing. This site was a primary location for Soviet nuclear experiments, with significant environmental and geopolitical implications.
23 Nov US-Soviet Nuclear Reduction Negotiations Begin: Representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union commenced critical negotiations aimed at reducing intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe. These talks were a significant diplomatic effort during the Cold War to reduce nuclear tensions and potential military escalation between the two superpowers.
24 Nov Devastating Typhoon Irma Strikes Philippines: Typhoon Irma caused catastrophic damage in the Philippines, resulting in 408 direct fatalities and an additional 270 deaths from storm surge. The disaster left approximately 250,000 people homeless, making it one of the most destructive natural disasters in the country's history for that year.
25 Nov Cardinal Ratzinger's Vatican Appointment: Pope John Paul II appointed Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (who would later become Pope Benedict XVI) as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, a significant position within the Vatican's doctrinal leadership.
26 Nov Spain Joins NATO: In a significant geopolitical moment, the Spanish Senate voted 106-60 to approve Spain's membership in NATO, following a narrow approval by the Congress of Deputies. This vote marked Spain's strategic alignment with Western military and political structures during the late Cold War period.
27 Nov Discovery of Buddha's Bone Relics near Beijing: Archaeological explorers uncovered significant bone relics believed to be the remains of Sakyamuni Buddha in a cave located approximately 40 miles from Beijing, near the historic Yunju Temple. This discovery represents a potentially momentous find in Buddhist archaeological research, offering insights into the material remnants of one of the world's most influential spiritual leaders.
28 Nov Bear Bryant Becomes College Football's Winningest Coach: Legendary Alabama football coach Bear Bryant achieved a historic milestone by winning his 315th game, surpassing Alonzo Stagg to become the most successful coach in college football history. This achievement solidified Bryant's status as one of the greatest coaches in the sport's history.
29 Nov Damascus Car Bomb Tragedy: A devastating car bomb explosion occurred outside a school in the Azbakiyah section of Damascus, resulting in the tragic loss of over 200 lives.
30 Nov Cold War Nuclear Negotiations in Geneva: Representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union commenced negotiations in Geneva to discuss potential reductions of intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe. The talks, which concluded on December 17, were part of ongoing Cold War diplomatic efforts to reduce nuclear tensions.
01 Dec First Official Recognition of AIDS: On December 1, 1981, medical professionals and researchers officially identified and recognized the AIDS virus, marking a critical moment in medical history. This groundbreaking identification would later lead to extensive research, global health initiatives, and significant medical advancements in understanding and combating the disease.
02 Dec Britney Spears Birth: Pop icon Britney Spears was born on December 2, 1981, in McComb, Mississippi, who would later become a globally renowned singer and cultural phenomenon.
03 Dec Tibetan Dissident Arrested in China: Tibetan dissident Lobsang Wangchuk was arrested by Chinese authorities after police discovered a manuscript and copies of a book he had written, highlighting ongoing political tensions in Tibet.
04 Dec CIA Domestic Counter-Intelligence Authorization: President Ronald Reagan signs Executive Order 12333, allowing the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to engage in domestic counter-intelligence activities. This order expanded the CIA's operational capabilities within the United States, raising significant civil liberties and privacy concerns.
05 Dec Militant Attack in Yemen: A severe militant attack on a Defense Ministry compound in Sana'a, Yemen, resulted in at least 56 fatalities and 200 injuries, demonstrating the region's ongoing political instability.
06 Dec Gaddafi Denies Assassination Plot Against Reagan: Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi publicly refuted a U.S. State Department report alleging he had dispatched a 'hit squad' to assassinate U.S. President Ronald Reagan. In a provocative statement, Gaddafi challenged the accusation, demanding evidence and mocking the U.S. administration's fears. Despite widespread rumors of a potential assassination team ranging from 5 to 14 members, no concrete evidence was ever produced, and no individuals were arrested or detained in connection with the alleged plot.
07 Dec Spain Joins NATO: On December 7, 1981, Spain officially became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), marking a significant milestone in the country's post-Franco foreign policy and strategic alignment with Western powers.
08 Dec John Lennon Assassination: Legendary Beatles musician John Lennon was tragically murdered outside his apartment at the Dakota Building in New York City by Mark David Chapman, shocking the music world and global fans.
09 Dec Deadly Yugoslavian Charter Flight Crash in Corsica: A Yugoslavian charter flight tragically crashed into Mont San-Pietro in Corsica, resulting in the complete loss of all 180 passengers and crew members on board. This catastrophic accident remains one of the deadliest aviation incidents of its time.
10 Dec El Mozote Massacre: In a horrific incident during El Salvador's civil war, army units systematically kill approximately 900 civilians in the village of El Mozote, representing one of the most brutal massacres in the country's history.
11 Dec El Mozote Massacre: During the Salvadoran Civil War, armed forces in El Salvador committed a horrific atrocity, killing an estimated 900 civilians in the village of El Mozote as part of a brutal anti-guerrilla campaign. This event is considered one of the worst human rights violations in modern Latin American history.
12 Dec Solidarity's Democratic Push in Poland: In a pivotal meeting in Gdańsk, the national commission of the Polish independent union Solidarity strategizes to lobby for a referendum introducing multiparty elections, challenging the communist regime's single-party system.
13 Dec Martial Law in Poland: General Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law in Poland, a significant political crackdown aimed at suppressing the growing Solidarity movement and maintaining communist control. The military intervention suspended civil liberties, arrested key opposition activists, and effectively crushed the emerging democratic resistance.
14 Dec Death of Victor Kugler, Holocaust Hero: On December 14, 1981, Victor Kugler, a courageous Dutch businessman who played a pivotal role in protecting Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, passed away at the age of 81. Kugler risked his life by hiding Otto Frank and his family in a secret annex above his Amsterdam offices for 25 months during World War II, demonstrating extraordinary moral courage in the face of extreme persecution.
15 Dec Iraqi Embassy Bombing in Beirut: A devastating car bomb destroyed the Iraqi Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 61 people, including the Iraqi ambassador. This tragic event is historically significant as it is considered the first modern suicide bombing, marking a grim milestone in terrorist tactics.
16 Dec Wujek Coal Mine Massacre: During the Polish communist era, riot police violently suppressed a workers' strike at the Wujek coal mine in Katowice. Using tanks and firearms, police brutally attacked striking workers and emergency personnel, resulting in nine miners and four police officers being killed. This event was a stark example of state violence against workers during the period of martial law in Poland.
17 Dec Red Brigades Kidnap Brigadier General James L. Dozier: In a significant terrorist act during the 'Years of Lead' in Italy, the left-wing terrorist group Red Brigades kidnapped American Brigadier General James L. Dozier in Verona, Italy. This high-profile abduction was part of the group's campaign against NATO and perceived symbols of Western imperialism.
18 Dec First Flight of Tu-160 Strategic Bomber: On December 18, 1981, the Soviet Union achieved a significant milestone in aviation history with the inaugural flight of the Tu-160 strategic bomber. This remarkable aircraft was groundbreaking in multiple dimensions: it was the world's largest combat aircraft, the largest supersonic aircraft, and featured the most advanced variable-sweep wing design of its era. The Tu-160, nicknamed 'White Swan' by Soviet pilots, represented a pinnacle of Soviet aerospace engineering and military technological prowess during the late Cold War period.
19 Dec Penlee Lifeboat Disaster: A Tragic Maritime Rescue Attempt: On December 19, 1981, in a heroic but ultimately tragic maritime rescue operation, the Penlee lifeboat crew attempted to save the crew of the stricken coaster Union Star during extremely challenging and dangerous sea conditions. Sixteen brave crew members lost their lives in this selfless effort to rescue those in peril, exemplifying the extraordinary courage of maritime rescue services.
20 Dec Penlee Lifeboat Disaster: A tragic maritime incident occurred off the coast of South-West Cornwall, resulting in significant loss of life during a rescue operation. The Penlee lifeboat crew attempted to save the crew of a stricken vessel in extremely challenging maritime conditions.
21 Dec COMESA Treaty Signing: DUPE of previous event. The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) treaty was signed in Lusaka, Zambia, marking a significant milestone in regional economic cooperation and integration.
22 Dec Argentine Military Leadership Change: General Leopoldo Galtieri was sworn in as president of Argentina, marking a significant moment in the country's military-led political landscape during the early 1980s.
23 Dec Soviet Nuclear Test: The Soviet Union conducted a nuclear test during the Cold War era, continuing its nuclear weapons development and testing program. This event was part of the ongoing nuclear arms race between the USSR and the United States.
24 Dec Funeral of Nazi Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz: A funeral service was held in West Germany for Karl Doenitz, the Nazi Grand Admiral who briefly served as Reich President after Hitler's suicide. Doenitz, a high-ranking Nazi military leader, was a significant figure in World War II naval operations and Nazi leadership.
25 Dec Cold War Diplomatic Exchange: Brezhnev's Christmas Message to Reagan: On Christmas morning in 1981, Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev sent a direct diplomatic communication to U.S. President Ronald Reagan, urging him to halt the deployment of intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Europe. This message was part of the ongoing Cold War tensions and nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union, highlighting the delicate geopolitical climate of the early 1980s.
26 Dec Historic Test Cricket Match at Melbourne Cricket Ground: A remarkable day in cricket history featuring a Test match between Australia and West Indies, showcasing high-level international cricket competition and sporting excellence.
27 Dec Wayne Gretzky Breaks NHL Scoring Record: Edmonton Oilers' Wayne Gretzky becomes the fastest NHL player to reach 100 points in a season, achieving this remarkable feat in just 38 games, further solidifying his status as 'The Great One'.
28 Dec First American Test-Tube Baby Born: Elizabeth Jordan Carr became the first American baby conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF), born in Norfolk, Virginia. This groundbreaking medical achievement marked a significant milestone in reproductive technology, demonstrating the potential of assisted reproductive techniques to help couples struggling with infertility.
29 Dec Tragic Mesa Redonda Shopping Center Fire in Lima: A devastating fire at the Mesa Redonda shopping center in Lima, Peru, resulted in the tragic loss of at least 291 lives. This catastrophic event highlighted significant safety and emergency response failures in urban commercial spaces.
30 Dec Wayne Gretzky's Historic 50-Goal Performance: Wayne Gretzky scored his 50th goal in just 39 games, setting a remarkable National Hockey League record that demonstrated his extraordinary scoring prowess. This achievement highlighted Gretzky's exceptional skill and cemented his status as one of hockey's greatest players.
31 Dec CNN Headline News Launches: CNN Headline News debuts as a 24-hour cable news channel, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of cable television news broadcasting in the United States.

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